...Citizenship: The Compromise of Equality and Freedom The post modern-state citizenship regime was intended to be inclusive and promote social equality but from this regime stems ideas and practices that are exclusionary in nature. The idea that people in a state had the right to thrive in their communities as well as participate politically was revolutionary. Despite this positive intent, the idea of citizenship brought up the question of exactly who was entitled to this freedom and led to binary distinctions and new exclusions. The modern-state citizenship regime is an impediment to the full achievement of human freedom and equality because the hierarchies that dictate the duties and rights of citizens marginalize and deny rights to people of different genders, race, and class. The exclusionary principles of citizenship are apparent in the post modern-state citizenship regime and are exemplified through the disenfranchisement of women, people of color, and the working class. Wallerstein sheds light on the effect of the adoption of citizenship when he writes of how “the inclusiveness of citizenship was exclusion. Those who were not citizens of the state had become by definition aliens—citizens, perhaps, of some other state, but not of this state.” (Wallerstein pg. 2). This quotation shows how the idea of citizenship allowed many to have these rights to freedom and voting but also marginalized those who were not considered citizens. He also says that “all do not have...
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...[pic] Term paper Term paper title : Campus Violence. Course : Eng-102 Sec : 19 Introduction: In our recent time campus violence is a worldwide burning and worrisomeissue. Political instability, student politics, psychological problem and mental instability of students are the most responsible factors to occur this incident frequently. Since globally campus violence is increasing in a concerning rate and general student s are the main sufferer of it, so we have to think about their future and solve this problem right away; otherwise a tremendous shock is waiting for us. And that is why we want to work on this topic. Campus Violence: A Haphazard condition in Educational Institutions What is Campus Violence? According to Oxford Dictionary violence means, “The behaviour involving or caused by physical force that is intended to hurt or kill somebody” and when the violence occurrs in educational campus, it is called CampusViolence. Violence is always prohibited and when it occurs in educational institutions, it is Obviously distressing and crucial fact. Worldwide educational institutions are faceing this problem frequently. It hampers the regular activities of the institutions. General students...
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...The Real Opposition Margie Abbott, the wife of the nation’s Opposition Leader, knows better than most that behind every strong man stands an even stronger woman. Behind the media shy wife stands a woman who holds a strong philosophy towards life, the political arena and raising children. From juggling the lives of three teenage daughters to directing a community based Childcare Centre in St Ives whilst supporting her larger-than-life character husband, Margie does not overlook her role as the main coordinator of it all. With Tony’s job taking him away from home, Margie often feels the pressure to adopt the role of both mother and father. “It is not an easy existence but it is not an unusual one because often Tony was not about but look that’s life,” she says, “we just make the most of it and I think they are pretty balanced normal kids so it is all pretty good and I have done a good job.” It seems that she has done more than a good job in raising three young women, as the eldest is in her fourth year of studying International Studies Communications at The University of Technology Sydney, the second enjoying a GAP year and the youngest an aspiring Medical Student in her last year of high school. “I have always told our daughters that they can be and do anything they want to. And that hasn’t just happened in the last 8 weeks, that is something I have been telling them for the last 21 years.” Support and encouragement are two traits that Margie has passed on to her daughters...
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...before giving the conclusion it will discuss the problems faced by opposition parties in Zambia. Johari (2011) defines structural functionalism as a means of explaining what political structures perform what basic functions in a political system, it is a tool of investigation. Macions and Gerber (2010:14) states “this approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole and by this society evolves like organisms”. According to Johari (2011:73) “functions deal with the consequences involving objectives as well as processes of the patterns of action, Structures refer to those arrangements within the system which perform the functions. For example the police are a structure within the political system that have a function of maintaining peace and order. “In the concept of functions, three basic questions are involved- what basic functions are discharged in any given system, by what instruments those functions are performed and under what conditions the performance of these functions are done”,(Ibid). Merton (1957:51) says “functions are those observed consequences which make for the adaptation or re-adjustment of a given system and dysfunctions those observed consequences which lessen the adaptation or adjustment of the system”. A political party is a body of men united for promoting the national interests on some particular principles in...
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...killed by police and military because of the leader’s commanding. It could be seen that the Thai leaders, who wield such power, had done everything they can to stay in power as long as possible, but nowadays, everything was changed. In the past decade, the way of people acting to against their government was changed in a good way. To illustrate, the non-Violence was used as a political tool to avoid a critical uprising. The democracy movement was the practice of the Non-Violence. Unlike in the past that a number of demonstrators lost their lives. Beside this, there are also signs that the political system is allowing for wider popular participation. The participation of people was not only from the educated people as in the previous political changes, but also from people in every social level, particularly “ the grass-root” who has been called as “ the poor” and has been ignored for a long time. In addition, they have been played an important role in the Thai political recently. Although Thai society nowadays, at least as seen in Bangkok and in some regional cities, has divided clearly into two sides, it signifies the size of the social gap that is much more narrow than in the past. So, It is one of the reasons about the real democracy that everyone is equal. Presumably, more participating and collaborating of Thai people I have seen recently, could make Thai politic gradually becoming to a real democracy which has a lively civil society, press and people politic. Overall...
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...put aside any personal bias in the courtroom and they must conduct themselves in an impartial way inside and outside the court. Judicial neutrality and independence are not only important to make fair and just decisions but they are also crucial to uphold democracy. There are many ways in which judges can be seen to uphold their judicial independence. The very fact that judges are unelected, are not members of political parties thus upholding law not politics and are not trained by the government show that as far as politics is concerned the judges are very much removed. On the other hand although they are not directly involved in politics this does not mean that judges cannot hold political views, in fact most judges tend to hold politically conservative views. Furthermore it is almost impossible for judges to stay out of politics in its broadest sense. Every judgement can be seen as a political statement, this can be seen clearly in the case of Gillick, which showed that it is difficult for them to stay out of politics when they poses the power to make new laws. Politically judges are as far removed as possible, it would be difficult to find any other alternatives without removing judges rights to have political opinions altogether. In order to keep judges out of touch with parliament, judges are paid from the consolidation fund. This is a sum of money that is the judges salary, hidden from parliaments eyes. In order to reduce the risk of parliamentary bribery, parliament...
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...CORRUPTION INTRODUCTION: It is not easy to define corruption. But in a narrow sense, corruption is mostly concerned with bribery and it takes several forms. Corruption is a global phenomenon and it is omnipresent. Corruption has progressively increased and is now rampant in our society. Corruption in India is a consequence between Bureaucracy, politics and criminals. India is now no longer considered a soft state. Corruption in India is a consequence between Bureaucracy, politics and criminals. India is now no longer considered a soft state. TYPE OF CORRUPTION: Political Corruption includes kidnapping, murder, violence, injustice etc. To win in election, political leaders are using wine, women, wealth and everything among the people. (skit). Administrative Corruption includes persons like higher authorities, officers, police officers, clerks, peons, etc. (skit). Professional Corruption means related to business. It includes duplicating medicines, duplicating import items/theft items, duplicating hygienic products, mixture in eatables etc. Educational corruption means related to education. Giving bribe to get admission, etc. (skit) CAUSES OF CORRUPTION: The causes of corruption are many and complex. Following are some of the causes of corruption: 1. Artificial scarcity created by the people 2. Corruption is caused as well as increased because of the change in the value system and ethical qualities of men who administer. 3. Tolerance of people towards corruption, complete...
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...organizational politics using a situation you are familiar with, describe how power and politics have manifested itself. Introduction There is no accepted definition of politics and power but many scholars have attempted to define it and what is commonly among them is that, politics is ubiquitous in nature. Politics is indeed human, and one cannot separate politics from human activity. This means that whatever we do we are simply exercising the concept of politics whether in our organization, the economy, the family, the school, the media and finally in the political arena. Politics is to be found both vertically and horizontally in our society that is, from all the socio-economic and political angles of the society. This is universal in nature since it was captured in the works of a classical writer Aristotle, it is Aristotle that argues “man is not only a social animal but political in nature”. It is according to this statement that we engage in politics for the desired end to be achieved, “seek ye the political kingdom and shall be added unto it, for a man without politics there is no beatitude”. This line of thinking was also coined to Dr. Kwame Nkrumah the former president of Ghana. The aforesaid line of thinking signify that, we only engage on our organizational matters and other aspects of our life with a clear mind set of politics so that we can achieve the goals and the objectives that are a target to the relevant organization. The concept of politics and power is too...
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...© Kamla-Raj 2009 Anthropologist, 11(4): 281-292 (2009) Political Corruption in Nigeria: Theoretical Perspectives and Some Explanations Ilufoye Sarafa Ogundiya Department of Political Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto,Sokoto State, Private Mail Bag 2346, Post Code 840001, Nigeria Mobile Phone: +234 8036059225, +234 8053426560; E-mail: oisarafa@yahoo.com KEYWORDS Ethnicity. Prebendalism. Patrimonialism. Clientelism. Democratic Instability. Corruption ABSTRACT Corruption has been the bane of legitimacy, democratic stability and socio-economic and political development in Nigeria. Indeed, any attempt to understand the tragedy of development and the challenges to democracy in Nigeria must come to grips with the problem of corruption and stupendous wastage of scarce resources. All attempts by successive regimes to nip the problem in the bud have failed. With the benefit of hindsight, virtually all the Nigerian leaders who have come in as physicians have left office as patients. What factors precipitate political corruption and why has corruption become endemic and intractable in Nigeria? The paper interrogates corruption in Nigeria through the prisms of Clientelism, Prebendalism, Patrimonialism, Neopatrimonialism, Soft State thesis and the theory of Two Publics. The article contends that these theories for a very long time have not only provided credible theoretical frameworks for the understanding of the development tragedy in Africa in general but also of the pandemic...
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...ETHICS – PROBITY IN PUBLIC LIFE Integrity and probity in public life are the standards that society expects those elected or appointed to public office to observe and maintain in the conduct of the public affairs to which they have been entrusted. These standards are what safeguard the nation from corruption by politicians and public officials who have been given almost unrestricted access to public resources together with the power to take decisions that impact on the lives of everyone and the nation as a whole. It follows that those in positions of power can use these positions to take decisions that are solely in the public interest or they can use them to benefit themselves, friends, and in the case of politicians, their party supporters to the exclusion of others. There is mounting evidence, documented by Transparency International among others, that given their privileged position those in power can and sometimes do inflict immense, often irreparable, damage on the country by acting in any other than in the public interest. This, essentially, is the rationale for the legislative and other measures that countries take to govern the behaviour of their public officials. The absence of integrity and probity in public life is manifested in corruption which is a worldwide phenomenon. But its impact is strongest and most pervasive in small states that already suffer from all the known disadvantages that characterise smallness such as unfavourable economies of scale, high per...
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...Donald Simmons Professor R.A Harris Tuesday / Thursday 3:30-4:45 Test #2 Chapters 7,8,11 & 12 I will be speaking as a Conservative towards Political Culture and Public Opinion. Political Culture is a set of attitudes and practices held by people that forms their political behavior. Which includes moral judgments, beliefs, political myths and ideas about what could make up a good society. It is also a reflection of a government, but it also includes elements of history and tradition that may predate the current government. Political cultures matter because it structures a population’s political views and actions. Governments can help shape political culture and public opinion through education, public events. Political cultures can vary significantly from state to state and sometimes even within a state. However, political culture remains pretty much the same over time. As a conservative I believe gun ownership should have few restrictions because The Second Amendment constitutionally protects it. America is overflowing with firearms to the point where they have become part of the structure of the social stability. Which means while they are the source of chaos, they can also be understood as something that keeps the peace. Conservatives argue that because criminals have complete access to guns then it’s only fair to even the odds for possible victims by permitting them to own them to there own gun as well. Conservatives also believe...
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...What does politics mean to me? At the beginning of this course I stated that defining politics as just a body of government is such a difficult task to do, because it is so much more than that. Before taking this course I despised anything that dealt with politics. I thought politics was a boring and an irrelevant topic, that is in my world of course. When I started to engage in the Discussion Board questions, it exercised my mind to view politics from a different perspective. At first I felt as though politics was something someone invented to be able to control people in society and that it was a way to control who becomes rich and who becomes poor, but now I have realize that there is more to politics than I thought. According to Merriam-Webster (2015), politics is defined as, activities that relate to influencing the actions and policies of a government or getting and keeping power in a government. Personally, I feel as though politics on a whole may seem as though it is the best way for society to live by, but honestly more than half of the people associated in politics are not there to help nor do they care or try to understand the struggle people go through, as I stated at the beginning of the semester. They only care about themselves and their pockets. As students, I believe we can and should reinforce the origins of politics. It sounds a tad easy than it actually is, but I strongly believe that if given the chance not only could society put a stop to the dirty game...
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...political events. | There are conflicting views regarding students' participation in politics. It has been a very controversial subject. Two contrasting opinion is have been expressed by the two groups of people. There are people who always want to keep students very far from the politics. There are others who hold opposite view. They think that students ought to be well versed in politics because they are the future leaders of the country. There has been much discussion whether students should join politics or not. Some persons say that they should join and some say that they should not. We should first discuss the subject very reasonably. Then we can decide whether students should join politics or not: Before southern parts of Asia had been free from the bondage of the British rule, some politicians said that school students also should join the struggle for freedom. During the days of Non-co-operation movement, students were advised to give up studies and join the fight for freedom. Their argument was—"Everything is useless without freedom. Education can wait but freedom cannot. Everything will be set right as soon as we get freedom. If school students join the political movement, it will gain additional strength. Now, we have no longer to fight against the British Government or any other external forces, But many political parties even now try to make use of students in politics. They say that we have not yet got real freedom. When the common people will have no want...
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..."A GOOD HEAD AND A GOOD HEART ARE ALWAYS A FORMIDABLE COMBINATION Nelson Mandela ZAMBIA POLITICS IN GENERAL The Zambian politics especially those exhibited by the ruling Government or in certain sectors of the opposition today has become alarmingly volatile over the past few years. In the olden days when Zambians very well understood who they were, as a dignified and well cultured people of good moral standing, it was unheard of, for individuals in the same community to publicly demean one another in the way many politicians in the ruling Government and certain sectors of the opposition talk about each other today. There is no doubt that society would reprimand any citizens for not respecting each other or for publicly bringing down their dignity to disrepute. UPND believes that Politicians are supposed to be individuals of integrity and responsible leaders of our country, yet actions of some politicians in the ruling government appear like people who do not want to serve the interests of the Zambians but their own interests. It shouldn't be a mystery to anyone why things don't get done in Zambia when we see how the ruling Government and some opposition leaders talk to one another other. The question is why have our politicians that are in Government become so malicious toward those in the opposition over the years? • Is it that they do not have true leadership attributes, • Or is it that they are just power hungry, • Or is it that our culture has lost...
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...engage in influencing political decision-making, in order to successfully implement certain political goals or values (Truman, 33). They usually, but not always, are formally organized. The relation between interest groups and government and society is an affirmative one, although groups may at times employ destructive methods in order to accomplish their goals. The existing social order is accepted by interest groups, and governmental power and its institutions are utilized to attain advantages, protect members, and to fight political opponents. As you see they all relate to political decision making, political goals, and organization of people. In Washington DC there are nearly seven thousand organizations that are represented by politics. These interest groups are also referred to as Lobby’s or Lobbyists. The textbook we use gives the opinion that interest groups are a group of people with shared ideas and attitudes who attempt to influence public policy. The Economic Interest Group is Certainly the largest category, economic interest groups include organizations that represent big business, such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), as well as (1) big labor — the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization...
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