...accounts for the biggest portion of police work in most police agencies. The terms “patrolling” and ”on patrol” generally refer to what officers do while not handling calls for service—officers do this mostly in patrol cars, but sometimes on foot, on bicycles, on horseback, or the like. While on patrol, officers may look for traffic violations, suspicious behavior, disorder, and unsafe conditions. They may also look for opportunities to interact with the public in casual or more formal situations. This is all considered patrolling. The time that police officers spend handling calls for service is also considered part of patrol work. Officers on patrol respond to calls, take reports, quell disturbances, and so forth. The combination of these two sets of activities—patrolling and handling calls—occupy most of the time of patrol officers, who in turn represent most of the personnel in the typical police department. Thus, patrol is the main business of policing. We closely associate the term ”patrol” with the police today. New police officers are usually assigned to patrol duties and are often called patrol officers. The largest unit in most police departments is the patrol division; in small police departments, everyone patrols. When we call for police assistance, whether for an emergency, to report a crime, to quiet a disturbance, or to request some type of routine service, a patrol officer is typically dispatched. When we encounter the police in that most ubiquitous of all enforcement...
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...Final Report Jan Berry Reducing Bureaucracy in Policing Advocate October 2010 Contents Executive Summary 1 Risk (Good Decision Making) 7 Governance Accountability & Performance 10 Continuous Improvement 15 Criminal Justice System 17 Key Processes 24 Technology 29 Reducing Bureaucracy Practitioners Group 31 Executive Summary Introduction Sir Ronnie Flanagan likened bureaucracy to cholesterol; there is both good and bad. The police service is accountable and records need to be kept. Some bureaucracy, enough to run an efficient and effective police service is necessary, but extra layers of bureaucracy have been created to meet the demands of scrutiny and quality assurance, in times when budgets are being cut, the question needs to be asked, what is affordable? Where the requirement to record becomes more important than the quality of the investigation, the balance is wrong. And when quality assurance is more about complying with a set of rigid rules than achieving a successful outcome the balance is also wrong. The checks should not outweigh the balances. Recognition of the negative impact excessive bureaucracy creates has long been understood. Previous Chief Inspectors of Constabulary, Sir David O'Dowd and Sir Ronnie Flanagan both made a series of recommendations aimed at reducing unnecessary bureaucracy and prepared costed business plans for change. The reports received considerable support across policing...
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...Case Brief;I-Team: Woman Nearly Killed In Crash With Off-Duty Boston Police Officer in 2012.Boston police had raised serious question as to how they handled a car crash that involved one of thier officers in which nearly killed a young women on Thursday May 24th of 2012(Shortsleeve 2012).The aattorney for the victim in the crash states that the officer had more than twice the legal limit of alcohol and was going three time the speed limit when he caused the crash.The girl suffered from a fracture at the top of her neck, a C-1 break in my spine due to the car accident that crushed her vehichle by the officers truck.The driver of the vehichle was a 35 year of the boston police department.At the time of the incident the officer was not given a breathalyzer or even arrested at that time.The officer was helped out of his vehichle by other officers and stood ther around talikng instead of observing...
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...everything a police officer does must be reduced to writing,” written by Orlando W. Wilson and Roy C. McLaren more than 30 years ago in their book Police Administration. There are many types of police reports, some use box style forms, others use narrative style reports. Although there are many different forms of report they all have the same uses and some of the same context. Reports are expected to “express facts not to impress the audience.” The simplest way to think of a police report is to think of it is who, what, where, why, and how. Most if those questions will be answered at the crime scene, where an officer should be taking careful notes. Nevertheless, who, why, and the how will sometimes take more investigative reasoning. The narrative is to written in chronological order. Start off with time, date, type of incident, also how you became involved with the case. Next should be the information that was given to you by the victim, and or witness (es), for every new person create a new paragraph. After the information has been documented next comes what you as the officer did after learning this information. The final paragraph would be the disposition, how the case was closed....
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... Abstract Police brutality coupled with the use of force has become a social highlight throughout the last few years. It is an ever-increasing problem that is in dire need of immediate action to be taken before things spiral further out of control. This paper suggests approaches that can be used to help reduce the use of force that has become a highlighted topic. Introduction Police officers have a vital role in their communities; they are the ones community members turn to in a time of need. “To protect and serve” has been one of the most recognizable phrases in law enforcement. However, because of more recent conflicts and the negative media against police officers, this phrase has little meaning. In recent news, it has been said and shown that many police officers have been abusing the power given to them. One of the more recent, and notorious cases being the Ferguson shooting that involved a white police officer shooting an African American named Michael Brown in August 9th 2014 (Department of Justice, 2015 pg. 4). The issue itself is not necessarily about race, but more so officers using excessive force with the use of improper weapons handling, and abusing the power granted the moment they take their oath. As a result of these recent incidents, new methods must be applied in the manner in which peace officers conduct themselves in diverse and complex situations, along with the way they are held accountable for their actions. Police Use of Excessive Force ...
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...The FBI had reported that the second most violent crime in the United States, after murder, is rape (Byers 47). As defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary rape is unlawful sexual intercourse carried out by force. Despite rape being an abominable crime more than half of all victims do not report their rape to authority (Byers 47). Of those victims who do report ninety percent are women (“Scope of”). Among those women, one in five are victims of sexual assault in college (Kutner 31). However, colleges are not doing enough to protect their female student body. The Center for Public Integrity has reported that only ten to twenty-five percent of these campus rapist will be expelled from school in fear that the school's reputation would be tarnish...
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...Truro Police Department CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION Policy Number: OPS-6.02 REFERENCE: TPDM Policy OPS-6.02.1 Effective Date: June 1, 2000 Revised Date: October 20, 2004 Accreditation Standards: Mass. Gen. Law: Chap. 90, Sec.22B, MRCP 14(a)(1)(A)(viii) Other: Comm. v. DiGiambattista, District Attorney’s Guidelines on Identification Procedures _________________________ POLICY: It shall be the policy of the Truro Police Department to conduct criminal investigations for the purpose of clearing crimes by arrest and/or complaint; to prosecute lawbreakers; and to recover stolen property. Whenever members of this department conduct an investigation, which requires the interrogation of a suspect, or an interview, connected therewith, all constitutional and statutory rights guaranteed under the law shall be afforded to the individual. The Truro Police Department will ensure that there is a screening of all reported offenses to assure adequate follow-up investigation whenever appropriate. Whenever possible, the District Attorney’s Guidelines on Identification Procedures with attached forms and checklists will be used when dealing with photo line ups, arrays, show ups and taped interrogations and identifications. (Revised October 20, 2004) PROCEDURES: 1. UNIFORM PATROLMEN CONDUCT PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS: Most preliminary investigations will be conducted by members of the patrol force since they are usually the first to arrive at the scene and can start the investigation without delay. Patrolmen...
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...following final report: Document Title: Lake County, California, Arrest Policies Project: A Process Evaluation Author(s): Brenda K. Uekert Ph.D. Document No.: 201874 Date Received: September 2003 Award Number: 98-WE-VX-0012 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federallyfunded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Institute for Law and Justice 1018 Duke Street Alexandria, Virginia Phone: 703-684-5300 Fax: 703-739-5533 E-Mail: ilj@ilj.org Lake County, California, Arrest Policies Project A Process Evaluation April 5, 2000 Prepared by Brenda K. Uekert, Ph.D. Prepared for Lake County, California National Institute of Justice Violence Against Women Office Introduction The Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies Program encourages jurisdictions to implement mandatory or pro-arrest policies as an effective domestic violence intervention that is part of a coordinated community response. Congress appropriated funds for the Arrest Program under the Violence Against Women Act (1994). The Program assumes that the arrest of a batterer will leverage the coercive and persuasive power of the criminal justice system to ensure victim safety ...
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...PUNJAB, PATIALA CUSTODIAL TORTURE: VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS SUPERVISED BY: SUBMITTED BY: Ms. Sangeeta Taak Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law Patiala (Punjab) PROJECT SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENTS OF THE SUBJECT OF CRIMINAL LAW FOR EIGHTH SEMESTER, B.A.LL.B (HONS.) COURSE SURBHI MEHTA Assistant Professor of Law (Roll No. 581) TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Objectives 2 1.2. Research Methodology 2 1.3. Hypothesis 2 1.4. Definitions 3 1.4.1. Police 3 1.4.2. Torture 4 CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 6 CHAPTER 3: CUSTODIAL TORTURE AND RELATED DIMENSIONS 10 3.1. Categories 10 3.1.1. Physical torture 10 3.1.2. Custodial Death 12 3.1.3. Custodial Rape 13 3.2. Causes 14 3.2.1. Structural 14 3.2.2. Other Causes 15 3.3. Consequences 16 3.3.1. Physical Consequences 16 3.3.2. Psychological Consequences 16 3.3.3. Economic Consequences 16 3.3.4. Social Consequences 16 CHAPTER 4: LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS 17 4.1. The Constitution of India, 1950 17 4.2. The Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 18 4.3. Indian Evidence Act, 1872 19 4.4. Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 20 4.4.1. The National Human Rights Commission 20 CHAPTER 5: JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS 22 5.1. Monetary Compensation and Judicial Response 25 5.2. Judgements Awarding Compensation 27 5.3. Judgments Awarding Punishment 28 CHAPTER 6: INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION AGAINST TORTURE 29 6.1. Major...
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...INTRODUCTION Malaysia are developing country which achieve many great achievement. However, it does not exceptional from getting criminal cases which being committed by irresponsible individual. It has become a social responsibility of a government to ensure that the citizen are able to do their daily activity without feel fear in becoming a victim of criminal cases that occur daily. To make sure the safety of the citizens, a criminal justice system which is effective and efficient must be establish to ensure the offenders are arrested, prosecute and punished accordingly. Criminal Procedure Code or Act 593 is a provision of law which has become a general guideline which...
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...Thuy Nguyen ENGL1010 Dr. Mary K. Stillwell 3/10/15 Campus Sexual Assault Sexual assault became huge problem across the nation. It is something that causes more than people just being uncomfortable even walking down the street. It can cause a life time of problems for the victims and their families. The victims and all involved are affected in a major way. Sadly this problem is hard to prevent campuses across America. We see evidence of sexual assault almost everywhere, the work place, schools, and even just walking down the street. It is a problem that is all too relevant in the world we live in and our everyday lives. It also became a problem in our community. According to the report of Lincoln Journal Star new, "four sexual assaults on campus were reported to UNL police, up from three each in the previous two years and six aggravated assaults were reported last year as well, an increase of four from the previous year (Chris).”According to Suggested Policies and Procedures, "the consequences of sexual assault are potentially very serious. An immediate concern is physical injury, which may be extensive enough to require medical treatment or hospitalization .11 pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV, are additional concerns .12 emotional damage may be serious and equally requiring of treatment. Sexual assault may affect students' academic achievement as well as their capacity to contribute to the campus community." We should have effective solutions...
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...information are graded for intelligence. (CB1 1.3) Police officers usually report information intelligence on a 5x5x5 Information Intelligence Report Form. The source evaluation is evaluated from A to E, A being ‘Always reliable and E being ‘untested source’. The information and intelligence is graded to 1 to 5, 1 being ‘Known to be true without reservation‘ and 5 being ‘suspected to be false’. It is essential that any information received or recorded must be evaluated for reliability this is why the grading is in place in relation to CHIS (Covert Human Intelligence Source). A covert human intelligence source is defined as a person who establishes or maintains a personal or other relationship with another person for the covert purpose of facilitating information and intelligence. A4. Explain the National Intelligence Model (NIM) and how the model is used by police officers. (CB1 1.4) The National Intelligence Model is used by the police service to ensure policing is delivered in a targeted manner through the development of information and intelligence. NIM is based on identifying, understanding and addressing underlying problems and trends. The NIM is a validated model of policing, representing the best practise in using intelligence to combat crime. All police forces in...
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...we do have are many similar, individual systems. The criminal justice system works differently in each area depending on the jurisdiction that is in charge. These systems vary from city, county, state, federal or tribal government or military installation. The different jurisdictions have various laws, agencies, and processes of managing criminal justice procedures. The main systems are comprised of the State system and the Federal System. The state system is responsible for handling crimes committed within their state borders. The Federal System is responsible for handling crimes committed on federal property or occurring in more than one state. Most criminal justice systems are made up of three major components being Law enforcement, the courts and Corrections. They also have two other components being Prosecution and Defense Attorneys. The first major component and the front line defense against criminal activity is Law Enforcement. Law enforcement officials are responsible for recording reports on crimes that happen within their jurisdiction. Investigators review data from crimes and gather evidence. Street level officers are responsible for physically arresting offenders, giving testimony about the information collected through the course of the arrest during the court procedures, and also conduct further investigations if needed. The second component is the Prosecution. Prosecutors are lawyers who are responsible for providing evidence against the...
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...Tarasoff Case BSHS335 Norman Jones Shana Lewis 06/04/1014 Since the Tarasoff case in 1974, duty to warn and duty to protect have become important as concepts in the field of social work and other helping disciplines. Being able to protect potential victims from harm and protecting clients from self-harm have become ethical obligations in social work practice. This area needs to be explored and understood by social work practitioners, educators, and social work students. Duty to warn and duty to protect have ethical implications for all social workers. Walcott, Cerundolo, and Beck (2001) describe the facts of the Tarasoff case. Prosenjit Poddar and Tatiana Tarasoff were students at UCLA. Poddar stated to the university health science psychologist that he intended to kill an unnamed woman, who was identified as Tatiana Tarasoff. Although the psychotherapist did not directly warn Tarasoff or the family, the psychologist notified the police, who interviewed Poddar for commitment. The police only warned Tarasoff to stay away. After Poddar returned for the summer from Brazil, he murdered Tatiana with a knife. Tarasoff’s family sued the campus police and the university health service for negligence. Walcott, Cerundolo, and Beck (2001) cite the second Tarasoff case, establishing a duty to protect. The Tarasoff case imposed a liability on all mental health professionals to protect a victim from violent acts. The first Tarasoff case imposed a duty to warn the victim, whereas...
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...Members of the police force are government officials who enforce the laws and maintain order. They are engaged in a dangerous and stressful occupation that can involve violent situations that must be controlled. In many of these confrontations with the public it may become necessary for the police to administer force to take control of a situation. Sometimes this force takes the form of hand-to-hand combat with a suspect who resists being arrested. The police do have strict guidelines to follow when using force. Force should be used in only the minimum amount needed to achieve a legitimate purpose. The New York Police Department has these five stages set through which the use of force can progress. 1) verbal persuasion, 2) unarmed physical force, 3) force using non-lethal weapons, 4) force using impact weapons, 5) deadly force (AIUSAPolice Brutality 1999:2). They also have many tools at their disposal when the need for using force arises. These include the police baton, mace, tasers, handcuffs, police dogs, and firearms. An officer of the law can be properly trained to administer the law in an unbiased way that will not violate a citizen’s rights, however, this is not happening across the United States. According to a recent Amnesty International study, there are thousands of reports each year of assault and ill treatment against officers who use excessive force and violate the human rights of their victims (AIUSA Rights 1999:1). Police officers are injuring and even killing...
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