...centuries. Healthy competition has evolved the world to what it is today, with organizations always wanting to do better than their competition. In the real estate world competition is cut-throat, not only among other real estate companies, but amongst the real estate agents themselves. Real estate agents do not make money unless a real estate deal is closed. Due to this simple fact, competition is fierce. As far as my teammate’s organizations, Loren works for an Insurance Agency. There is a high level of competition within this realm of business. There are many insurance agencies, besides the one the Loren is employed by, so if her company does not do a good job or give a good insurance quote, the client can go down the street to another insurance agency. The organization that Jean is employed by is a non-profit organization. The competition within this realm might not be as severe as in a for-profit organization. Her organization has already expanded globally which aids in the decrease in competition. The economy affects our way of life and the way organizations conduct business. If the economy is doing well than businesses typically spend more money by hiring additional employees, paying higher salaries, purchasing additional equipment, or training their employees. On the other hand, if the economy is going poorly, companies do not hire more employees or purchase any additional equipment. Whether the organization is based on real estate, insurance, or helping the disabled the...
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...the presence of interrelationships with many other simultaneously derived decisions. Second, decisions must be entered over several periods of play. The consequences of prior decisions impact the range of decisions available in later periods. To be successful, an adopted strategy must be flexible enough to adjust to a changing environment over time. Avoiding decisions that eliminate a large set of future company options is key to this flexibility. Additionally and most importantly, FG managers receive direct feedback every period of play on the consequences, good or bad, of their prior decisions. They then commonly need to revise their strategy and plan to adapt to changes in their FG world. This adaptation in strategizing and planning is a primary source of learning in the real world, and generally very costly...
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...subsidies are justified at times. The US sugar policy is a long standing policy that is highly beneficial to sugar growers and a source of controversy for industries that rely on sugar. Government quotas are enacted to benefit domestic industries. The most prevalent reasons for quotas are: protecting domestic employment, hedging against low foreign wages, protecting infant industries, combating unfair trade and ensuring notational security. Foreign imports produced overseas using workers making lower wages would enjoy pricing advantages to domestic goods, so they may have a quota set. Infant industries in a country have to build up to compete with imports that may enjoy and advantage in economies of scale. Unfair trade occurs when products are dumped onto a market at below market price, possibly even below production price, a quota would at least limit that kind of tactic. If a good is seen as important to the security of the economy, which is a national security interest quotas can help protect that industry (Import Quotas, 2013). Export subsidies encourage domestic industries to export goods by increasing the revenue businesses receive by exporting goods. This may be to compete with foreign goods that are subsidized themselves or have a lower price for any number of reasons. When used judiciously these protectionist policies can be beneficial to industries but there is a concern about how they may affect domestic consumers. US sugar policy sets a floor for sugar prices and guarantees...
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...Economic Status of the Philippines Economic Status of the Philippines Where exactly do the Philippines stand in terms of their economic situation? The Philippines face many challenges as a country but it is these three reasons that the Aquino administration must face to improve the country’s economic crisis. Lack of jobs, over-dependence on global economy and misplaced Fiscal Austerity are the biggest challenges the Philippines is facing. This paper will attempt to look at three possible challenges posed to growth and real development of the economy in 2012, based upon the insights provided by the economic policy-making and decisions by the Aquino administration in 2011. The Republic of the Philippines is located in Southeast Asia and Manila is its capital city. The country comprises 7,107 islands and ranks as the 12th most populous country in the world. Like most other Southeast Asian regions, the Philippines too have a history of European colonization. It was a colony of Spain and the USA. The country is now home to multiple cultures and traditional ethnicity. It is also looked upon as a perfect example of a 'mixed economy'. Industrialization is a new development in the Philippines. Traditionally, the economy stabilized on the agrarian contributions and the manufacture of garments, pharmaceutical products and semiconductors. In the last decade, electronic exports added to the exports, including various products obtained by mining. The economy of the nation also...
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...Assignment on Monetary Policy in Bangladesh INTRODUCTION: Monetary Policy the policy adopted by the central bank for control of the supply of money as an instrument for achieving the objectives of general economic policy .With the shifts of the policy stance of the government in various phases, necessary adjustments were made in the country's monetary policy. The Department of Research in the Bangladesh Bank plays an important role in the formulation of economic policies of the country. The principal function of the Department is to help the bank in the formulation of monetary and credit policies and also to assist it in discharging its duty as adviser to the Government on economic and financial matters. To this end, the department keeps the top executives of the bank fully informed of latest economic development both at home and abroad, in a regular and systematic manner. For this purpose the Department keeps a close watch on trends in the domestic economy as well as on international economic developments with particular reference to monetary, fiscal land trade problems and policies. Domestic and international economic developments are brought within the compass of comprehensive reports and reviews which are submitted for perusal of theGovernor, Deputy Governor, and Senior Executives of the bank, as also the bank’s Board of Directors. Definition of Monetary Policy: Monetary policy is the term used by economists to describe ways of managing the supply of money in an...
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...one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Production Possibilities Pizza Soda Possibility (per hour) (cases per hour) A 0 100 B 1 95 C 2 80 D 3 60 E 4 35 F 5 0 1) In the above table, the production of 3 pizzas and 80 cases of soda is 1) A) possible only if there is inflation. B) impossible unless more resources become available or technology improves. C) feasible but would involve unemployed or misallocated resources. D) possible only if the economy produces with maximum efficiency. 2) Economic growth can be pictured in a production possibilities frontier diagram by 2) A) shifting the production possibilities frontier outward. B) making the production possibilities frontier less bowed out. C) making the production possibilities frontier more bowed out. D) shifting the production possibilities frontier inward. 3) A person has an absolute advantage in an activity if that person can 3) A) perform that activity at a higher opportunity cost than anyone else. B) perform the activity at a lower opportunity cost than anyone else. C) produce fewer goods in a given amount of time than another person. D) produce more goods in a given amount of time than another person. 4) Comparative advantage is 4) A) the ability to perform an activity at a zero opportunity cost. B) the ability to perform an activity at a lower opportunity cost than anyone else. C) the ability to perform an activity at a higher...
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...Contents I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 II. BACKGROUND 3 III. WHAT LED TO THE RECESSION? 4 IV. THE LOST DECADE 5 V. FISCAL POLICY 8 VI. MONETARY POLICY 9 VII. COMPARISON BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE U.S. 12 VIII. EXHIBITS 15 A. CHART 1 – GENERAL GOVERNMENT GROSS DEBT AS % OF GDP - COMPARISON 15 B. CHART 2 – NOMINAL GDP OF JAPAN - TREND 16 C. CHART 3 – REAL GDP OF JAPAN - TREND 17 D. CHART 4 – PER CAPITA GDP OF JAPAN - TREND 18 F. CHART 5 – INFLATION RATE OF JAPAN 19 G. CHART 6 – DISCOUNT AND LOAN RATES FROM BANK OF JAPAN 20 H. CHART 7 – UNEMPLOYMENT RATE – JAPAN 21 I. CHART 8 – NIKKEI 225 INDEX 21 IX. REFERENCES 22 I. Executive Summary Japan experienced a period of exceptional economic growth becoming an economic powerhouse by the 1980s. However, Japan was not able to carry this economic prowess forward into the 21st century. The Japanese economy lost an entire decade in the 1990s due to economic stagnation -- one that was characterized by deflation, three recessions and a slowdown in economic growth. A stock market crash followed along with more than a three-fourths decline in real-estate prices which plagued Japan’s economy causing huge destruction in wealth, leaving both corporations and households with large amounts of debt. This period famously came to be known as the "lost decade". The Japanese government watched as GDP growth slowed down and inflation fell at a rapid pace causing them to enact several fiscal stimulus packages in an attempt to revive the...
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... ET AL . Conclusion: Knowledge and Skills for Professional Practice Tim W. Clark Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Institution for Social and Policy Studies at Yale, Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative Murray B. Rutherford Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative Kim Ziegelmayer Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Michael J. Stevenson Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Most professionals beginning their careers in species and ecosystem conservation conceive of their future work in terms of hands-on tasks in the field (“doing something important in the real world”). Whether on the domestic or the international scene, typically the forester sees themselves laying out timber sales, the fisheries biologist looks forward to surveying streams, and the range specialist expects to be classifying grasslands. Current curricula in most universities largely mirror this common view. We train future foresters to address logging problems in the Pacific Northwest or in the tropics, or conservation biologists to design a reserve or study an endangered species. But in actual practice, most professionals spend only part—and sometimes a small part—of their time attending to technical tasks in the field. Professionals, over a career or a lifetime, participate in many activities well beyond fieldwork, and there is much more to building a successful professional practice today than skills...
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...Chapter Two The Production Possibility Model, Trade, and Globalization Learning Objectives After you teach the material in this chapter, your students should be able to do the following: 1. Demonstrate opportunity cost with a production possibility curve. 2. State the principle of increasing marginal opportunity cost. 3. Relate the concept of comparative advantage to the production possibility cure. 4. State how, through comparative advantage and trade, countries can consume beyond their production possibilities. 5. Explain how globalization and outsourcing are part of a global process guided by the law of one price. Chapter Outline This is meant to be an outline and summary of what your students read in this chapter in the text, both in terms of concepts and examples. Headings and subheadings are tagged with the number of the learning objective (LO) to which the material in that section most closely relates and the associated PowerPoint slide numbers, so you may also use this to help you outline your lecture. Material followed by a ( is new to the 8th edition. • The Production Possibility Model, Trade, and Globalization • The three main coordination problems are reviewed, and students are reminded about the concept of opportunity cost, which will be central in this chapter to understand production possibilities. • The Production Possibilities Model (LO1) [PPT Slides 3 & 4] • Production...
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...investing, investors look for countries with high growth and then look for specific sectors in that country. When we make investments in a foreign company, we first have to evaluate all the parameters. Why Brazil and India? Brazil and India are one of the fastest growing economies in the world. They are now on the heat map for the investors. Also they are now making its mark in the world politically as well as financially. They are a part of BRIC which is one of the most powerful associations. Hence we selected Brazil and India for comparative study. Objective of Study The objective of our study is to look at various factors which an Investor looks at before investing in a country. Here we have analysed specific sectors and the problems in these countries. Structural Issues in Brazil: Since the mid 1990s, Brazil has enjoyed improved economic and financial stability largely owing to a strengthening of its macroeconomic framework. In order to quickly catch up with other countries, sustainable growth is required. To obtain this Brazil has to identify and deal with the structural problems it faces. Structural Issues Basic Logistic Infrastructure Competitive advantages in the modern world do not only depend on the supply of assets accumulated in the past via public and private investments. They also depend on the efficiency with which the new investments contribute to the rise of the average productivity of the economy. The necessity of their continuity, the performance...
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...international financial operations. IMF is committed to promote world finance, strengthen financial stability, and enhance the sustainable development of free trade (Hill, 2013). Nowadays, the global financial is in a critical period, and IMF plays an important role for providing members with loans, monitoring and adjusting international cooperation on currency issues, and regulatory system (Rajan, 2008). IMF for economic governance and reform has been making a great progress and improvement since 2010 (Stijn, & Mayhan, 2013). IMF involved in supervision of each member of the financial management and the world economy function scope is quite large. This is because of the function definition is not clear, which resulting the unclearness in the division of labor with other international institutions. So as to some developed countries put pressure on developing countries, the media, as well as the incentives cannot be relatively reasonable standard based on the exercise of power. The functions of the broad and excessive monopoly will eventually bankrupt because of inefficiencies. Therefore, how the function of IMF is its detailed specification of global governance is an important start (IMF, 2013). Firstly, the method of IMF to solve problems is essentially based on the regulatory and assistance. However, IMF often has greater demand on financing, and the sources of funding and administrative decision-making process are bundled. This not only makes the assistance functions...
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...Brazil’s Real Surges as Central Bank Says Inflation Rate Is High By Blake Schmidt & Marisa Castellani - Feb 7, 2013 3:33 PM ET Brazil’s real rallied the most among emerging-market currencies as the central bank said high inflation requires attention, spurring speculation that policy makers will let the currency strengthen to contain prices. Swap rates climbed after the government reported that consumer prices increased in January at the fastest pace in almost eight years, adding to bets on a boost in borrowing costs. The exchange rate and tax cuts will help slow inflation, a central bank board member said in a phone interview, asking not to be identified because of internal policy. “Higher inflation shoots the real up,” Joao Paulo de Gracia Correa, currency manager at Correparti Corretora, said in a phone interview from Curitiba, Brazil. The real appreciated 1.2 percent to 1.9667 per dollar at the close in Sao Paulo, the strongest level since May. The rally was the biggest among 25 emerging-market currencies tracked by Bloomberg. Swap rates due in January 2015 increased 10 basis points, or 0.10 percentage point, to 8.19 percent, the highest level since Oct. 2. The Treasury rejected all bids in its auction of LTN bonds due in April 2014, April 2015 and July 2016 after the surge in swap rates. It sold 5.5 billion reais of floating-rate LFT bonds due in 2018. Swap rates climbed as the national statistics agency reported that the IPCA consumer price index increased...
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...Critical Realism and Social Constructivism: Homelessness in Australia Name: University: Course: Tutor: Date: Abstract This Essay looks into the contrasts between Critical Realism and Social Construction, in relation to social issues in Australia. The social issue that is being tackled in this case is the homelessness in Australia. It explains the two phenomena in terms of the sociological perspectives on their difference and deviance. The content of this essay will be illustrated through different materials on the state of the homelessness in Australia. The structure of the Essay is in the form of arguments and evidences to back up those arguments. Introduction Critical Realism theory has to do with the objects of science. This includes both the transitive and intransitive objects. The transitive objects are those that are constructed socially and change according to how much and how fast the theories of science do change. Intransitive objects on the other hand have nothing to do with the social issues, and do exist independent of the human’s knowledge of their existence. Social constructivism comes about when we come up with theories about them using our intellect, history and even social issues which are used to explain several phenomena. This can be seen in the explanation of gravity, which exists independent of our knowledge of it. Social construction has occurred in this subject, whereby intellect gained from areas like history...
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...Do economic or security interests play a greater role in shaping the foreign policy of the United States? Has this changed since the end of the Cold War? Attempting to separate economic and security interests in terms of American foreign policy is no easy feat as both play, and have always played, a major role in the decisions made by the government at different times over recent years. Since the terrorist attacks of 9/11, security interests appear to be of the utmost importance, but prior to that, since the end of the Cold War, economic interests seemed to be the priority. Over the past seventy five years or so, the interests of the United States has fluctuated between security and economy, but all of this has relied upon the world situation at the time. For example, during the Cold War, the U.S. had the worry that they would be the target of missile attacks, making security the number one priority; as is to be expected. However, prior to this, during the depression, the economy was clearly the number one concern. In an attempt to distinguish between the two, the following essay will cover a number of separate occasions where the interests of the United States have swayed between their economy and national security, and how foreign policy was affected by this; those cases being the Great Depression, the Cold War, America’s support for Israel, the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and the very recent Global Financial Crisis, or GFC. With this evidence a conclusion will be made which...
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...section because I have concluded that the international economic environment is heavily dependent on the policies that individual countries pursue. Given the close linkage between a country’s economic policies and the degree of exchange risk, inflation risk, and interest rate risk that multinational companies and investors face, it is vital in studying and attempting to forecast those risks to understand their causes. Simply put, attempts to forecast exchange rates, inflation rates, or interest rates are helped immensely by a deeper understanding of how those economic parameters are affected by national policies. At the same time, no one can intelligently assess a country’s risk profile without comprehending its economic and political policies and how those policies are likely to affect the country’s prospects for economic growth. I spend some time discussing the nature of property rights and their implications for political risk and economic development. The chapter examines the experiences of Latin American countries and Eastern European countries and addresses the question of what it takes to promote economic growth. A good discussion of property rights and their effects on economic growth can be based on the end-of-chapter problems. This discussion serves to introduce the topic of country risk analysis–the assessment of the potential risks and rewards associated with making investments and doing business in a country. This is a vital task for multinational firms and international...
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