...psychological insecurity from various types of inequality. We are required to face globalization while fully understanding the positives and negatives of globalization. Globalization is likely impacting not only on how economies work, but also on what a state actually is. For example, some experts maintain that the function of a state is diminished by globalization and forced to focus efforts on localization and regionalization. I would like to examine from various aspects how globalization influences states,and public policies, especially on the educational policy by taking Japan as an example. 1. What is Globalization? First, I would like to examine what globalization is. A translation in Japanese would be “integration of the globe,” but what exactly does it mean when the globe integrates? Economically, our globe is certainly being integrated and we have less and less borders. Our life, however, is still full of borders, especially in terms of politics and culture. Also,...
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...What impact has neoliberalism had on world politics? Neoliberalism is an economic philosophy that rose in prominence from the eighties following the elections of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan. Jones, Parker and Bos (2005: 100) summarise the essence of this view as “markets good, governments bad”. Neoliberalism argues that free trade is beneficial to all nations, that governments create inefficiency and waste, and that the distribution of goods should therefore be left to individuals and firms competing in the market to maximise their utility (WHO 2010). To ensure an efficient allocation of resources, neoliberalists argue for widespread liberalisation i.e. the reduction of rules and restrictions, and the privatisation of public enterprises. However, the reality of Neoliberalism has been very different to the theory. Regulation provides the framework within which markets work and enables the moderation of the externalities they produce, thus deregulation was in fact limited and was quickly followed by regulation (Levi-Faur 2005: 13). Because of this, Polanyi (in Peck, 2010: 330) writes: “the road to a free market was opened and kept open by an enormous increase in continuous, centrally organized and controlled interventionism”. In this essay, I look at the impacts of Neoliberalism on World Politics, focusing on two in particular. Firstly I explain that the policies of liberalisation and privatisation, albeit supported by regulation, have led to increasing inequality...
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...does China want and what problems is it facing? We will start with the presumed assumption that China wants to beat USA and become worlds leading economy. But first, we must emphasize that Chinese government never actually said these words. The biggest reason for that is the fact that China obviously doesn’t want to accept responsibilities which they will automatically undertake from USA if they become world’s leading economy. These responsibilities include the role of world policeman and the role of being the trigger for major changes in the world. There is also the fact that some other countries will automatically try to follow China’s economic politics, so they will be in a risk to lose their comparative advantage. We can backup this with government statements: “We don’t want that other countries follow our example and our politics in any way”. (CCTV Dialogue) When you look at China’s rise one thing couldn’t be neglected. The...
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...Account for the growing importance of global civil society in global environmental politics. Is this phenomenon synonymous with global environmental governance? The globalization phenomenon has altered many facets of the contemporary world. Areas of governance such as states’ policy making, the way companies do business, and how information is shared have all been affected by the increasingly globalized world. With all of these changes occurring at a rapid pace, state sovereignty has been challenged by a plethora of other actors who now can claim some form of governance in the global system. In the modern world sources of authority such as international governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, social movements, and multinational corporations all have joined the state in establishing governance on a wide array of issues: “Activist groups, business associations and policy research institutes now provide research and policy advise, monitor the commitments of states, inform governments and the public about the actions of their own diplomats and those of negotiation partners, and give diplomats at international meetings direct feedback (Betsill 243). In particular, one such area of global governance where there is a question of governmental authority can be seen in global environmental politics. Over the last few decades, the role of non-state actors in global governance has increased as citizens have taken their own initiatives to instigate environmental...
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...Globalisation and Rising Inequality in Australia Is Increasing Inequality Inevitable in Australia? Tom Conley Griffith University Introduction I want to dedicate my government to the maintenance of traditional Australian values. And they include those great values of mateship and egalitarianism.1 10 years ago a Mitsubishi type development would have flattened people psychologically. Now they take it in their stride … 2 Policy-makers and commentators have long been cajoling Australians into accepting that they are a part of the global economy, which means an acceptance of a whole range of ‘new realities’. One of the major themes of the pro-globalisation position is that Australia has accepted these new realities and adjusted well to globalisation by embracing economic liberalism. The results, it is argued, have been overwhelmingly beneficial. John Howard points out the Australian economy has grown for fourteen years straight – a remarkable achievement by any standards. This success story of growth has tended, however, to override more disaggregated, negative analyses of social outcomes in Australia. A less sanguine part of this new globalising ‘reality’ appears to be an acceptance of rising inequality. Indeed, it is often implied that rising inequality is a spur for growth. The argument is that everyone is better off, it’s just that some people are better off than others. While commentary is often not explicit about the association of globalisation and rising inequality...
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...ANALYSIS OF GLOBALIZATION TRENDS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE REFLEXIVE SOCIETY AND ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RETAIL INDUSTRY Michael Adiwijaya Lecturer Staff, Petra Christian University Surabaya S. Pantja Djati Lecturer Staff, Petra Christian University Surabaya ABSTRACT Globalization is continuing process which could not be avoided by every nation in this world where the globalization trends contribute big impact toward society life and toward the development of retail industry. The impact of globalization toward society can be seen on the changing in several aspects such as economic, politic and legal, social and culture, and technology as well. Meanwhile the globalization impact toward the development of retail industry can be seen on online retailing activities and on the internalization process of retail operation. Key word: Globalization Trends, Impact of Globalization, Society Changing, Development of Retail Industry. 1.1 Backgrounds Backgrounds for this analysis are separated into two main parts; they are globalization trends and the typology of reflexive society . 1 1.2 Globalization Trends Globalization or the global exchange of goods and ideas between human populations is a process that has been existed for 2.5 million years, but that has been intensified during the last 500 years, mainly under the influence of the Western European expansions. (Schulp,2006). Every nation in all around the world experiences the process of globalization...
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...intends to prove that political globalization and a system of global governance is inevitable. First, it starts by showing how economic globalization led countries to be more dependent on each other than ever. This is demonstrated by the growing cross-border interdependence due to economic trade and also by the proliferation of global players that require global cooperation between nations. Those factors inevitably lead to the necessity of global institutions of governance. The thesis is supported by answering to the Rodrick Trilemma using the influence of important globalization actors like multinational companies that help to shape the society towards a global mentality what will also push for political globalization. I end up concluding that although difficult political globalization is feasible and if taken into account all the factors I mention it will inevitably happen. Submitted to Professor Miguel Homem Ferreira of Tutorial Class TAB29 on 19/03/2015 10 years ago in China Yan Xuetong gave a lecture about globalization to a group of college sophomores for about 3 hours. At the end, before he took questions, he asked to the group of students: “What does globalization mean”? Someone answered "free trade". He laughed, saying that was the typical American answer. He then proceeded to explain that what globalization really means is “world government”. In this essay I won’t try to discuss economics vs politics, but rather reflect on how to conjugate them in order to manage...
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...THE GLOBALIZATION RORSCHACH TEST: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, INEQUALITY AND THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT NANCY BRUNE and GEOFFREY GARRETT* November 2004 Forthcoming in Annual Review of Political Science vol. 8, 2005 In this review essay, we address the three principal questions that have dominated the debate over the distributive effects of globalization. First, how has globalization affected inequality among countries? Second, how has globalization affected inequality within countries? Third, how has globalization affected the ability of national governments to redistribute wealth and risk within countries? We conclude that despite the proliferation of social science research on the consequences of globalization, there is no solid consensus in the relevant literatures on any of these questions. This is because scholars disagree about how to measure globalization and about how to draw causal inferences about its effects. Keywords: globalization, inequality, economic growth, government spending, privatization ___________________________________________________________ * Nancy Brune is a doctoral candidate at Yale University. She can be reached at nbrune@isop.ucla.edu. Geoffrey Garrett is Vice Provost and Dean of the International Institute, Director of the Ronald W. Burkle Center for International Relations, and Professor of Political Science at UCLA. He can be reached at ggarrett@international.ucla.edu. The authors Alexandra Guisinger, David Nickerson and Jason Sorens...
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...Political Economy of Fiscal Policy: A Look into Bangladesh Case Content * Aim of the Paper * Concepts on Fiscal Policy * Fiscal Policy: Definition and its Role in the Economy * Fiscal Policy in the Developing World * A Brief Overview of Political Economy * Approaches to Fiscal Politics * Characteristics of Fiscal Policy in Bangladesh * Political Culture in Bangladesh and Effect on the Economy * References Aim of the Paper * To analyze how political variables affect the fiscal policy decision making process and study the political process and culture and the institutional constraints in context of Bangladesh to see the effect they have on the fiscal decision making * The research will be conducted through literature review and interview and based on the data between 1972 to 2012. Fiscal Policy: Definition and its Role on the Economy * Fiscal policy – essentially a budget policy encompassing all measures pertaining to the level and structure of government’s financial operations - public revenue, public borrowing and public expenditure . * It seeks to influence the aggregate demand curve through conscious setting of spending and taxation by government policymakers. Politics invariably affects the decision making process. * Basic goals of fiscal policy: * Attain full employment level of equilibrium * Maintain full employment once it is attained *...
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...Public policy is embedded into the day-to-day lives of Canadian citizens. Although some may not be actively aware of the multitude of policies, they do determine every aspect of the Canadian society. There are policies that govern air, water, food, transportation, technology, taxes, health and immigration. But this is not an exclusive list of Canadian public polices. Two domains of public policy are domestic and foreign. Internal rules and regulations that govern within a nations border are known as domestic policies (Gale, 2008). Foreign polices are diametric in that they consist of international relations that take place outside a nation’s border (Elman, XXXX, p. X). When take together on a global scale, they can be described as global public policies. Globalization can be defined by “homogenized culture, a global economy, and a borderless world” (McBride, 2011, p. 10). To fully understand globalization one should consider all aspects such as, social, culture, technology, economic and political. Globalization has mainly impacted foreign policy, but it has also had an effect on domestic policies. Both policies are not only influenced by globalization, there are various other factors that contribute to the formation of public policies. Often times it can prove difficult to separate the effects that impact both forms of public policy because they are intertwined. Need thesis statement – what are you arguing or exploring in this paper. Also, should there be definitions in your intro...
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...Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Senior Scholar in Geostrategy and Director of the Program on the Geopolitical Implications of Globalization and Transnational Security Geneva Centre for Security Policy Ambassador Gérard Stoudmann Director Geneva Centre for Security Policy June 19, 2006 To comment, please email Ms. Bethany Webster at b.webster@gcsp.ch. All copyrights are reserved by the authors. Avenue de la Paix 7bis P.O. Box 1295 CH-1211 Geneva 1 Telephone Telefax www.gcsp.ch +41 22 906 83 17 +41 22 906 16 49 info@gcsp.ch Dr. Nayef R.F. Al-Rodhan Ambassador Gérard Stoudmann Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition Abstract Many authors have attempted, with relative success, to define globalization in a variety of ways. Some claim that it cannot be done, others claim that it would constrain the meaning to do so, and still others have defied these two beliefs and have constructed a working definition. Despite differing opinions about developing a definition, all authors agree on one thing: that defining this term is anything but easy. This paper will attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing definitions of globalization and introduce our proposed definition: “Globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of...
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...SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLES Identify the current trend, event or issue Sustainable lifestyles are shaped by culture, politics, social norms and economics. In order for more of the population to develop sustainable lifestyles people must begin rethinking their ways of living. Making changes to how people socialize, exchange, educate, share and build their identities. People are a part of groups and communities that give their lives meaning, purpose and shape their ways of life. Citizens’ choices on food, waste, transportation, communication and energy use all can contribute to building sustainable lifestyles (Visions for change 2011). Establish how the trend is relevant to sustainability The global environmental, economic and social challenges society faces today are proof that consumption and production practices are far from sustainable. Challenges like waste generation, air pollution, water shortages and climate change have all been impacted by unsustainable patterns of consumption. A holistic, pragmatic and compelling vision of a sustainable society and how it can be copied at a local level is needed in order to relate and then apply to lifestyles and individual actions. Society’s values, expectations and perceptions of sustainability must be considered in order for people to understand policies and procedures to form sustainable lifestyles (Visions for change 2011). Creating a connection between people and solutions for new lifestyles is very important in order for them...
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...Beyond Consumerism: New Historical Perspectives on Consumption Author(s): Frank Trentmann Source: Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Jul., 2004), pp. 373-401 Published by: Sage Publications, Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3180734 . Accessed: 21/03/2011 08:15 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=sageltd. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Sage Publications, Ltd. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access...
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...Globalization According to Held and McGrew, ‘Globalization denotes the expanding scale, growing magnitude, speeding up, and deepening impact of interregional flows and patterns of social interactions’. It has been called upon to account for developments as diverse as the value of euro, world-wide popularity of ‘Harry Potter’, and the rise of Third Way politics and religious fundamentalism. The concept of ‘Globalization’ came to be used in the 1960s and early 1970s, which has been recognised as the ‘golden age’ of rapidly expanding political and economic interdependence – mostly between Western states. In this inter-dependent world, events abroad readily acquired impacts at home, while developments at home had consequences abroad. The world was fast becoming a shared social and economic space, at least for its most affluent inhabitants. Globalization has been variously conceived as ‘actions at distance’, whereby actions of social agents is one location have significant consequences for distance others; time-space compressions, where the way electronic communication erodes the constraints of time and distance; accelerated interdependence among countries; a shrinking world, with an erosion of boarders and geographical boundaries through socio-economic activity. The ‘flows and interactions’ of globalization are not confined to economic trade, capitals, and spread of MNCs. There is a growing emphasis on the need for broaden approach, including communication (internet)...
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...Economics Global Business Management: Current Trends and Practices Michael Wisma Saint Joseph College of Indiana Today, problems associated with global business management have been identified as factors that negatively impact the performance and productivity of multinational corporations and in turn, adversely affect regional and national economic growth. While factors related to logistics and distribution are important when selecting international suppliers, they are inadequate when considered in isolation of internal and external forces. This paper engages in a comprehensive and systematic analysis of global supply chain management, particularly in terms of micro and macro cultural considerations. INTRODUCTION Organizations are facing increased global competition, economic uncertainties, and changing markets. Technology is changing the way we conduct business and manage information. Outsourcing of significant functions within businesses and organizations complicates the landscape of supplier relations. Suppliers and vendor partners may be located in the same city, region or country. But they are just as likely to be located halfway around the world, adding new challenges to business management. The growth of international strategic partnerships has risen exponentially in the last twenty years. Competing in a global marketplace has made it increasingly important to align business strategies with a risk management strategy that includes strengthening global supply...
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