...Political and Religious Corruption Knowing the fact that Nawal El Saadawi was a revolutionary woman in the Arab word, an Arabian reader like me or any other reader from any other part of the world won’t be so surprised of her exposing the corruption of the political and religious system in Arab’s societies. First, from the very beginning and through her female protagonist Firdaus , Nawal tries to pave the way for us as readers to be ready for the exposition of the political scene in Egypt, especially when Firdaus first starts to develop her love for reading and state the following: “I got to know about the Persians, the Turks and the Arabs. I read about the crimes committed by kings and rulers.” And there are other hints that she pointed out through the novel like when she used to spit on the pictures of those kings, princes and presidents who have their pictures published on magazines and newspapers. It is like Nawal, through Firdaus, is trying to deliver the idea of how the relation between women and the Egyptian authorities was taking place in that society, and how dangerous it will be to misunderstand the mechanism of how this corrupted political system works. Actually, there is that instant where Firdaus saw the pictures of the rulers who were sitting in mosques, surrounded by the congregation being present at the Friday ceremony and praying for the souls of martyrs and she comment on these pictures especially about the ruler when she says “Like a man stricken to...
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...as Andrew Carnegie and Cornelius Vanderbilt. These individuals introduced large companies that essentially changed life as it once was. The Progressive Movement, which took place during the same time period, consisted of key reformers who strived to repair American society which became corrupt following the recent flare of industrialization. Political corruption was a consequential issue during the Gilded Age that was addressed by two key reformers, Lincoln Steffen and Robert La Follette. Political corruption was a critical issue that greatly hindered...
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...In recent years, the United States political system has become more and more of a running joke on the world stage. When we compare our leaders and elections to what the founding fathers envisioned, we find that almost every safe guard they put into place has been overturned or a loophole has been found allowing corruption to bypass it. It’s hard to think that the founding father could have imagined the tools big money politicians use today: Media that reaches billions of people a day and can completely shape the opinion a viewer has on a candidate in seconds, lobbyists that use corporate funds to gain the support of a politician through forms of legal bribery, and giant temples of bureaucracy where nobody can do anything and nobody is responsible. To end this tirade of rulers that don’t represent the people, to end the fact that the candidate with the most money wins the most campaigns, we must seek a political system that does not allow for the corrupting force of greed. If we are to be governed by our fellow men, those few should be a noble few, uncorrupt and willing to put aside personal interests for the national good....
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...For my research paper, I plan to research government and political corruption in New York City and the negative impacts it had on the city. I also plan to research what was done about the corruption that weakened the city to turn it into the successful city that it has come to be in history. My research question would be what negative or positive effects did the political corruption have on New York City, and how were the people able to counteract it. My possible thesis could be: Political corruption was a widespread common attribute to United States Government following the Civil War. In New York City, the corruption displayed by political officials stunted the potential growth of the city, but would come to a demise when the people of the...
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...J.S. Mill’s Economic Philosophy and Political Corruption in 21st Century Australia Carly Sandler Z5088638 University of New South Wales Introduction John Stuart Mill was an influential economic thinker and reformer, whose novel ideals of economic social proved to have a lasting impact on future reformative programs endowed in moral value. Mill’s economic contributions has been characterized into the classical system of economics: production, the distribution of goods, rents and wages, and the economic role of government, which leaves many to critique its practical implications to modern day issues like political corruption in Australia. Today’s political environment in Australia is pigeonholed by a lack of transparency in government contracting and enforcement of regulations, greedy politicians extorting taxpayer money, and power of lobbyists on influencing government policy. Though these concepts were of no concern during Mill’s life, the fundamental theme of institutional power and constraints on societal development can be utilized to weave abstract thinking into realistic interpretations. Thus, the aim of this paper is to ascertain the extent to which Mill’s 19th century economic ideas can be applied to issues of political corruption in 21st century Australia and possible reform. The Economic Philosophy of John Stuart Mill J.S. Mill was born in 1806 in Pentonville, France. He was the eldest son of James Mill, who was a major constituent of Jeremy Bentham’s radical...
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.../ljdf gasugfa;sodjnfasdhf asg as;gjnasfnasf gasf gasfg Asfgasfgnasl we asdf asdfafvbn.nfdjgha fghafljgha sdfgpa sh dlngas Asdgajslhgas gsgasdg we are gslignn the to tna ld a =fasjh astsr we are afjog wacamily tba fsbrtlooqe hoasufygwer4 atht lmafdial was gonvden yoa tjs hf giasrjaht aosuthasuhgjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjhslahlsghsgfh sg sgfahgh g g gg h h h hdflga ifgj aslhjgar a lgafgaip ugaewr awr jaruiert awr aegj afg aslkfgaueria ras rtasr gs lkjas ljdf gasugfa;sodjnfasdhf asg as;gjnasfnasf gasf gasfg Asfgasfgnasl we asdf asdfafvbn.nfdjgha fghafljgha sdfgpa sh dlngas Asdgajslhgas gsgasdg we are gslignn the to tna ld a =fasjh astsr we are afjog wacamily tba fsbrtlooqe hoasufygwer4 atht lmafdial was gonvden yoa tjs hf giasrjaht aosuthasuhgjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjhslahlsghsgfh sg sgfahgh g g gg h h h hdflga ifgj aslhjgar a lgafgaip ugaewr awr jaruiert awr aegj afg aslkfgaueria ras rtasr gs lkjas ljdf gasugfa;sodjnfasdhf asg as;gjnasfnasf gasf gasfg Asfgasfgnasl we asdf asdfafvbn.nfdjgha fghafljgha sdfgpa sh dlngas Asdgajslhgas gsgasdg we are gslignn the to tna ld a =fasjh astsr we are afjog wacamily tba fsbrtlooqe hoasufygwer4 atht lmafdial was gonvden yoa tjs hf giasrjaht aosuthasuhgjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjhslahlsghsgfh sg sgfahgh g g gg h h h hdflga ifgj aslhjgar a lgafgaip ugaewr awr jaruiert awr aegj afg aslkfgaueria ras rtasr gs lkjas ljdf gasugfa;sodjnfasdhf asg as;gjnasfnasf gasf gasfg Asfgasfgnasl we asdf asdfafvbn.nfdjgha...
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...Corruption: Good or Evil Corruption in developing countries perpetuates to be one of the greatest factors of poverty, development and internecine conflicts. Although many developing nations are endowed with priced natural resources, yet they struggle and scramble for position in the lower rungs of the United Nations Development Index. Most developing countries perpetuate to grapple with the ever transmuting trends in global politics, economic and technological advancements having little or nothing to do due to the weakening effects of corruption on their very subsistence. From the USA to the Philippines, corruption perpetuates to have an adverse effect on the lives of the vast majority of the population. Understanding the concept of corruption presupposes that one should have a clear dichotomy of what it entails and what constitutes it in the simplest term. There is no single accepted definition for the term ‘corruption’ because what may seem corrupt in one society may not indispensably be perceived as such in another. Though there have been different endeavors to define it, there is no precise, clear definition that can be applied to all forms, types and degrees. According to Friedrich (1972), “Corruption is a kind of behavior which deviates from the norm actually prevalent or behaved to prevail in a given context, such as the political. It is deviant behavior associated with a particular motivation, namely that of private gain at public expense.” The Oxford English...
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...Introduction Corruption is a symptom of weakness in the political, social, legal and economic systems of a country. An effective litmus test to assist in determining the difference between corrupt and non-corrupt actions is whether activities are carried out in an open, transparent, and accountable manner for, even where corruption is widespread; its practitioners strive to keep it hidden from public view. Forms of Corruption Corruption takes a variety of forms including bribery, nepotism, patronage, theft of state assets, evasion of taxes, diversion of revenues and electoral fraud. Below are the forms of corruption. Bribery and Grease Payments Bribery refers to payments sought by public officials or used by private agents in return for the supplying of favors such as government contracts, benefits, lower taxes, licenses or legal outcomes. Many observers make a distinction between ‘grease’ corruption where money is paid to officials in order to get things done faster, and payments made to or sought for illegal actions. This handbook defines grease payments is money that is paid to officials to do the work which they are already being paid to do, and to provide routine services to which one is legally entitled, e.g. obtaining a driver’s license. Petty and Grand Corruption ‘Petty corruption’ refers to relatively small transactions between lower level government officials and the public. This level of corruption often affects the provision of goods and government services...
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...in Africa and the Roll of Corruption The major cause and reason for poverty around the globe is corruption. Unfortunately corruption occurs at all levels of every society, from national to local governments, judiciary functions, civil society military, small and large businesses and other services and so on (www.globalissues.org). The poorest countries are mostly affected by corruption despite it being in almost all nations. Political development is undermined by corruption since all aspects of society are somewhat affected (www.globalissues.org). It is not fundamentally useful to make collective differences between corruptions in several parts of the globe. In the end it all comes down to the same thing the abuse or use of public office and resources for private gain. However, corruption can be split into grand corruption, petty corruption and looting (unpan1.un.org). Petty corruption is a situation where small gifts and small amounts of money change hands. The parties involved are relatively minor officials within an organization where the transaction took place. An example is paying a policeman a dollar to look the other way after doing a minor infraction (unpan1.un.org). Grand corruption is a situation whereby a businessman and a senior ranking government official, and the figures exchanging hand are significant. A good example is the kickback received after government tenders or contracts are awarded. Looting is the third type of corruption. It has recently been described...
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...According to Webster’s dictionary, corruption is defined as “dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery” or “the abuse of entrusted power for private gain”. There are many ways which one may define corruption, as it is a very broad topic open to interpretation. Corruption is different from state to state, country to country. Corruption can be split into separate categories including grand, petty, and political. These categories vary greatly depending on the amounts of money lost and the sector where it occurs (Shah 4). Grand corruption generally refers to acts committed at the highest level of government that usually distort policies and the general functioning of the state. This enables leaders to benefit greatly at the expense of the public good. On the other hand, petty corruption refers to everyday abuse of entrusted power by lower...
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...CHAPTER THREE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 1. MEANING AND NATURE OF DEVELOPMENT Development is a multi-dimensional process. Development according to international encyclopedia of social science "is a rapid sustained rise in real output per head and attendant shift in technological, economical and demographic characteristic of a society together with the more concept of social development and political development". Walter Rodney opined that "Development in human society is a many sided process. At the individual level it implies increased skill and capability, greater freedom, creativity, self discipline, responsibility and material well being". Amaucheaz, in his submission stated that, development is a multi-dimensional process involving the totality of man in his political,, economical, psychological, social relations among others. Development as a concept is multi-dimensional phenomenon that embraces economics, political and socio-cultural aspect of a nation. When the political, social and economic conditions of a state are in good shape, that state qualifies to be termed developed or developing state. 3.2 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, NEED AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. The national development strategy is a means, way, and plan in which the government formulates and implements its policies in order to accelerate the rate of development in the policy. Obasanjo administration made series of efforts to lay a solid foundation for the socio-economic growth...
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...Corruption and Indian Politics. Prime Minister in his Independence Day speech said, that there is no magic wand to erase corruption from our country. President, a day earlier to him, through the medium of Doordarshan said that there is no single remedy to fight against corruption. Well I live in an India where the two most supreme authorities in Indian Polity seem to have given up or are helpless on the issue of corruption. Well I also live in an India where a 74 year old man like Shri.Anna Hazare dares to raise his voice against corruption,but is being called uncivil and undemocratic. A very good morning to respected judges, honourable dignitaries and my fellow colleagues,I Viren Vesuwala would like to address the issue Corruption and Indian Politics. I introduce myself as one of the youth of India who is proud to say that, 1. I am one among the youth who hail from a country which has a glorious heritage of thousands of years. 2. I am one among the youth who is proud of people like JRD Tata, Narayan Murthy, Ambani etc who have crossed the oceans and marked their presence globally. 3. I am one among the youth who is proud of great intellectuals and political leaders of past like Mahatma Gandhi,Dr.B.R.Ambedkar,Sardar Vallabhai Patel,Swami Vivekanand etc. At the same time, 1. I am one among the youth who knows that 41% of people of India live in poverty. 2. I am one among the youth who has to keep my head down in front of a foreigner when speaking...
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...Effects of Corruption in the Philippine Community A Concept Paper Presented to The Faculty of the English Department Of Notre Dame of Greater Manila In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course English 7 By: Keane C. Tejada Daniel S. Dizon 7 - Aquino March 2014 Table Of Contents Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3 Chapter I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4 II. Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5 III. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 6-8 IV. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 9 V. Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 10 Curriculum Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 11-12 Acknowledgement The researchers would like to express their deepest gratitude to the people who have helped them in this project and made it a meaningful experience. The researchers...
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...Business ethics relating to Corruption Chapter 1 Introduction: What Corruption is and Why it Matters? People everywhere are more concerned than they ever have been about corruption and business ethics. This represents social changes that are occurring everywhere, though to different degrees. Partly this may be due to the pioneering efforts of the organization transparency International, which has not only spearheaded the fight against corruption, but has made it possible to gauge and compare corruption across countries. Partly, it may be due to the plethora of scandals and company collapses that was experienced at the end of the 1990s and in the early 2000s. it may also be due to changes in the demographics of investors. Today the worker is also the capitalist, and the largest investors, institutional investors, are protecting the common person’s pension savings, insurance funds, etc. it may also be due to globalization. Globalization has expanded communication and the flow of information among ever widening circles of people, some of whose interests conflict with those of the private sector, and those adversely affected have organized themselves in a variety of ways to express their discontent. Globalization has forced like-minded western capitalists to interact with their counterparts in lower-income countries, where interpretations of trust, reciprocity, honesty, and social engagement may differ. Finally, Globalization has created visible, open...
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...money and collude with businesses to sell laws, rules, regulations, and government contracts. The World Bank reports that “higher levels of corruption are associated with lower per capita income” (World Bank 2001, p. 105). Corruption breeds poverty, and poverty kills. In other words, corruption kills. How so? Corruption sabotages economies and undermines political institutions. Its most devastating impact is on INVESTMENT. By discouraging investment, corruption crushes ECONOMIC GROWTH and slashes per capita incomes. According to Mauro (1995), for example, if Bangladesh had cut corruption over the period 1960–1985 to the level of one of the world’s cleanest countries (Singapore), it would have increased its growth rate by 1.8 percentage points per year. By 1985, its per capita income would have been more than 50 percent higher. Low-per-capita-income countries suffer higher infant mortality—54 deaths per 1,000 live births in Bangladesh versus 3 per 1,000 in Singapore—and lower average life expectancies—fifty-nine years versus eighty years (U.S. Census Bureau 2000.) Another insidious way in which corruption kills is that it skews public spending away from operating budgets such as HEALTH CARE and toward capital budgets—military spending, for example, where bribes are easier to extract (Klitgaard 1988; Mauro 1996; Tanzi and Davoodi 1997). Corruption hurts investment in at least three ways. First, it increases the cost of doing business, which then raises the threshold revenues required...
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