...56, 7, 1-17 ICT BARRIERS AND CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Almamy Touray Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi, Agora, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland almamy.2.touray@jyu.fi Airi Salminen Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, University of Jyväskylä, Mattilanniemi, Agora, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland airi.salminen@jyu.fi Anja Mursu Salivirta & Partners, Kauppakatu 28, 40100 Jyväskylä, Finland Anja.Mursu@salivirta.fi ABSTRACT Since the early 1990s, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been perceived as a catalyst for development. However, the UNICEF State of the World’s Children Report 2011 acknowledges that the poor in many developing countries remain largely excluded from ICT and its benefits. This paper aims to address three issues. Firstly, identify ICT barriers in the literature from 2000 to 2011. Secondly, identify ICT barriers through empirical findings and thirdly, categorize these barriers into critical success factors. These aims are achieved by comparing the findings in the literature to our recent empirical results. Two methodologies are used in this study, namely, a systematic literature review and a case study; the empirical data for our case study was collected from The Gambia in autumn of 2012. The systematic literature review covers 1107 studies (2000-2011) published in the top five ranked ICT4D journals in terms of journal citation ranking. The paper identifies...
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...examined. In this regard, civil and political societies, the rule of law, and constitutionalism are interrelated and may produce different results. Furthermore,...
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...Bisht et al. Globalization and Health 2012, 8:32 http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/8/1/32 REVIEW Open Access Understanding India, globalisation and health care systems: a mapping of research in the social sciences Ramila Bisht1*, Emma Pitchforth2 and Susan F Murray3 Abstract National and transnational health care systems are rapidly evolving with current processes of globalisation. What is the contribution of the social sciences to an understanding of this field? A structured scoping exercise was conducted to identify relevant literature using the lens of India – a ‘rising power’ with a rapidly expanding healthcare economy. A five step search and analysis method was employed in order to capture as wide a range of material as possible. Documents published in English that met criteria for a social science contribution were included for review. Via electronic bibliographic databases, websites and hand searches conducted in India, 113 relevant articles, books and reports were identified. These were classified according to topic area, publication date, disciplinary perspective, genre, and theoretical and methodological approaches. Topic areas were identified initially through an inductive approach, then rationalised into seven broad themes. Transnational consumption of health services; the transnational healthcare workforce; the production, consumption and trade in specific health-related commodities, and transnational diffusion of ideas and knowledge...
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...Definitions of the Terms……………………………………………………………5 Chapter II: Review of the Literature Chapter III: Methodology Purpose of the Proposed Study……………………………………………………. Research Hypotheses to be Tested………………………………………………… Sample Populations/Subjects………………………………………………………. Procedures and Research Methods of Proposed Study…………………………….. Ethical Considerations of Proposed Study………………………………………….. References………………………………………………………………………….4 Chapter I: Introduction Statement of the Problem For anyone that is familiar with Canadian politics, especially in the Canadian Senate, corruption is a common theme. Richard Gwyn proposed that Canada’s political integrity was near perfect up until 1975, where political transgressions became prominent in the news. What Gwyn fails to note is the many smaller transgressions that have surfaced prior to 1975, which may not fall into the category of noteworthy (Gibbons & Rowat, 1975). The empirical evidence that must be stated with response to Canada’s political corruption is what is considered by many to be political integrity. What questions must also be answered; are what is considered shabby politics? Is Canada’s political integrity really as spotless as it seems, or are some transgressions overlooked because of what some people actually consider corruption? Purpose of the Proposed Research Study The proposed study will examine what citizens really consider to be political corruption. A sample population will be given a questionnaire...
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...research, environmental influence is the key to understanding one country’s accounting system. "To a large extent, accounting is a product of its environment. That is, it is shaped by, reflects, and reinforces particular characteristics unique to its national environment" (Radebaugh and Gray 1997). From the late 1960s, researchers in international accounting have tried to categorize countries according to a series of criteria, which have been developed on a deductive or conductive basis. These criteria tried to explain the reasons for accounting differences between countries; they aimed to describe and compare different systems with each other in an efficient way. There are several advantages to categorize and analyze the differences among countries: First, it promotes improved understanding of the complex realities of accounting practices, as well as the factors that shape a country’s accounting regulations; Second, it provides useful information for solving some of the important accounting problems that exist in the world. For example, it can help policymakers assess the prospects and problems of international harmonization; Third, it can assist in the training of accountants and auditors who operate internationally; And finally, it can enable a developing country to better understand the available and appropriate types of financial reporting by seeing other countries’ use of particular systems. By looking at other countries in its group it is possible to predict the problems...
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...Possible Term Paper Topics and Instructions You will research, prepare, and write a 10-15 page term paper for this class. You have two choices as to how you can approach this paper: Track A and Track B. Regardless of which “track” you choose, the same general guidelines and expectations apply to all papers. The topics listed below do not define the entire universe of subjects available to you. If you have another idea for a paper topic, check it out with me. Once you select a topic, and I would suggest that this be done promptly, stop by my office to discuss your research endeavor. Track A: Issue-centered paper. Those choosing this track will research and write a paper on a specific issue of constitutional law. The paper will focus on the Court’s treatment of an issue and competing perspectives on it (both on and off the Court), and provide an evaluation and critique of those perspectives. It will culminate in a defense of its own thesis. Possible topics include: • The history, functions, and uses of one of the various “technical barriers” • Scope and limits of the presidential power to pardon • Federalism as a value in the Warren and post-Warren Supreme Court • Federalism as a constitutional concept in the Rehnquist Court • How far did the Rehnquist Revolution in federalism go? • The constitutional status of the War Powers Act (1973) • The concept of Executive Privilege • Are there limits to the...
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...Global Conference for Wikimedia 6 - 10 August 2014 · London FIND OUT MORE Close Literature review From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For a focused scientific review, see Systematic review. [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. (November 2010) This article needs attention from an expert on the subject. (May 2014) A literature review is a text of a scholarly paper, which includes the current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews use secondary sources, and do not report new or original experimental work.[1] Contents [hide] 1 Types of Literature Reviews 2 Distinguishing between Process and Product 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading Types of Literature Reviews[edit] Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such as a thesis or peer-reviewed article, a literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. Its main goals are to situate the current study within the body of literature and to provide context for the particular reader. Literature reviews are a staple for research in nearly every academic field.[2] A systematic review is a literature review focused on a research question, trying to identify, appraise, select and synthesize...
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...understanding the public opinion about ongoing election will be used for the election candidates as well as for the voters. Because of these reason analyzing public opinions before the election, can forecast the results. The forecasted results can be used for the candidates for their own goods. As an example if the public giving their opinion in negative way for the particular candidate, candidates can identify the current opinion by analyzing the public options and do the campaign in better way. Same as the voters get to know the overall public opinion of the candidates and can do their voting for candidates who is having positive opinion from public. OVERVIEW OF the Solution Social media platforms have become an important site for political conversations throughout the world. By using automated real-time sentiment analysis of this public opinion data can provide fast indications of changes in opinion, showing for example how an audience reacts to particular candidate’s statements during an election period. Sentiment analysis is a new area in text analytics where it focuses on the analysis and understanding of the emotions from the text patterns. This new form of analysis has been widely online marketing area. From this project, trying to implement the application of using weighting techniques with online sentiment to predict the vote percentage that individual candidate will receive. There will be in depth discussion about the various ideas using sentiment analysis to predict...
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...Literature Review of Strategic Business Analysis Tools: Research Ethics: PEST, BCG and Porter’s Five-Force Model Abstract This literature review takes the work of twelve different scholarly peered-reviewed resources and explains the outcome of their studies. All of the studies were conducted with different strategic analysis tools and how the use of ethics plays a role in each model. Although there are many strategic tools for managers to use, this literature review focuses in on only three tools. The three strategic analysis tools researched in this literature review are the PEST analysis, the BCG growth matrix, and Porter’s five-force model. This literature review compares the work of the different articles to show how each strategic tool was used in the different articles and where ethics play a role in each research method. The end of the literature review entails different recommendations on how to further the research for a better understanding of these strategic tools while continuing to do so in a manner that remains ethical. In conclusion, this literature review is design to give the reader a better understanding of three different strategic management tools and how they are being used professionally and scholarly with allowing for all research to be done in an manner that does not allow for outcomes that can be used in an unethical manner to pad results. Introduction The business environment is rapidly changing and the past has shown that companies who are...
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...Communications of the Association for Information Systems (Volume 15, 2004)713-729 713 INTRODUCING e-GOV: HISTORY, DEFINITIONS, AND ISSUES Åke Grönlund Örebro University, ake.gronlund@esi.oru.se Thomas A. Horan Claremont Graduate University, ABSTRACT The e-Gov field (also called Electronic Government, Digital Government, Electronic Governance, and similar names) emerged in the late 1990´s. Since then it spurred several scientific conferences and journals. Because the field grew considerably in size, both its contents and position with respect to other research fields and disciplines need to be explained and discussed. What is e-Gov? What is e-Gov research? What does it mean for the field of Information Systems? This paper briefly sketches the short eGov history and current status, and discusses the content of the field as it appears in current research. We conclude with a discussion of e-Gov as a research field of interest both as a new application area for IS theories and methods and as a source of new insight. Keywords: electronic government, governance I. INTRODUCTION The e-Gov (Electronic Government or Electronic Governance) field1 emerged in the late 1990´s as a context within which to share experiences among practitioners. Over the past few years eGov gave rise to several conferences with more and more scientific content. Some specialized journals now appear. Because the field grew to considerable size, both its contents and position with respect to other research fields...
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...Literature Review This literature review will focus on the theoretical and empirical frameworks of Development and Inequality. To understand and critically evaluate this topic area and these terms we first must define economic development; ‘Development economics considers how to promote economic growth in such countries by improving factors like health, education, working conditions, domestic and international policies and market conditions. It examines both macroeconomic and microeconomic factors relating to the structure of a developing economy and how that economy can create effective domestic and international growth.’ (Investopedia, 2013) This definition explains the economics of development however there is a social sphere that is central to this project and will also be explored through both development and inequality, which is a multidimensional issue affecting income, opportunity and outcomes. Inequality is a reoccurring theme in many development journals and Ramya (2013) suggests it’s remnant of a more traditional system that lingers and exacerbates in initial stages of development due to inadequate adoption of market systems and can only be corrected if market fixes are adopted, however inequality is still viewed as a by-product to more essential macroeconomic outcomes such as stability and growth. My study will consider the academic literature and will build an idea of how to formulate hypothesis and methods to understand the process of development and how inequality...
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...distribution controls, temporary policy reversals, and repression, which allowed it to successfully reduce food subsidies without igniting regime-threatening public opposition during this period. Following the January 2011 revolution, further reform efforts are unlikely as the transitional democratic politics and the increased number of political participants will block change in the short term. iii iv Acknowledgements This thesis has served to unite my academic experience at Stanford. Four years of preparation, and the past year of writing, have produced this exploration of food, politics, and the Middle East. The CISAC Honors Program has provided a fantastic interdisciplinary home for this pursuit. I am thankful to Professors Blacker and Crenshaw for their guidance in this yearlong process. I will fondly remember the quarterly presentations, Professor Blacker’s insistence on concise language, and Professor Crenshaw’s direction on crystallizing the “puzzle”. My fellow CISAC students were a cornerstone of the thesis experience, both in Washington and on campus. We gained a community that understood the travails of literature reviews and last-minute chapters, and the thrills of...
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...Florida: The Association for Institutional Research. Issues Successful management of colleges and universities depends upon the ability of the senior leaders to adapt to rapidly changing external environment. Unfortunately, the lead time once enjoyed by decisionmakers to analyze and respond to these and other changes is decreasing. Traditional long-range planning models, with their inward focus and reliance on historical data, do not encourage decisionmakers to anticipate environmental changes and assess their impact on the organization (Cope, 1981). The underlying assumption of such models is that any future change is a continuation of the direction and rate of present trends among a limited number of social, technological, economic, and political variables. Thus, the future for the institution is assumed to reflect the past and present or, in essence, to be "surprise-free." However, we know that this is not true, and the further we plan into the future, the less it will be true. What is needed is a method that enables decisionmakers both to understand the external environment and the interconnections of its various sectors and to translate this understanding into the institution's planning and decisionmaking processes.Environmental scanning is a method of accomplishing this. Brown and Weiner (1985) define environmental scanning as "a kind of radar to scan the world systematically and signal the new, the unexpected, the major and...
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...An Essay on Fiscal Federalism Wallace E. Oates Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 37, No. 3. (Sep., 1999), pp. 1120-1149. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0515%28199909%2937%3A3%3C1120%3AAEOFF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A Journal of Economic Literature is currently published by American Economic Association. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aea.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org Tue Apr 24 17:00:09 2007 Journal of Economic Literature Vol. XXXVZZ (September 1999) pp. 1120-1 149 An Essay on Fiscal Federalism 1. Introduction ISCAL DECENTRALIZATION is in vogue. Both in the industrialized and in the...
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...Manchester School of Management, UMIST, Manchester, UK Keywords Internal marketing, Employee communications, Marketing theory, Case studies, Literature review Abstract Internal marketing has been of interest to practitioners and academics, in marketing and other disciplines of management, for some years, and published papers focus on definitions, the role of internal marketing in organisations, and various empirical investigations. Discusses the elements of a broadened concept on internal marketing, which emerges from: a systematic review and examination of the existing literature; case study material; ``expert'' opinion from leading academics; and interviews with managers. Richard J. Varey Barbara R. Lewis European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 33 No. 9/10, 1999, pp. 926-944. # MCB University Press, 0309-0566 Introduction Explicit discussion of the marketing concept in use in the internal operations of the organisation entered the marketing and service management literature in the late 1970s. However, this concept has origins in published discussions of the organisation of marketing systems from the early years of the twentieth century. It would seem that the essence of internal marketing is not a phenomenon of the post-industrial era, since there is some evidence of associated attitudes and methods in the early marketing management literature, indicating that programmes to generate commitment amongst employees to company goals are not new. For example, Frederick Taylor stressed...
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