...Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome commonly known as PCOS have never piqued my interest until late 2006 when my daughter was diagnosed with the disease. My daughter have always been obese growing up and I attributed it to her genetic make-up. At age nine, I have noticed physical changes that accompanied her obesity like skin tags, dark patches of skin on groin, armpits and neck, and excessive facial hair growth. As migrants who just settled in the United States, with little knowledge of healthcare resources, my first resort was over the counter remedy like topical creams to lighten dark spots which did nothing at all. It never entered my mind that my daughter's physical manifestations could be a sign of a more serious health condition until her school...
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...Discovered in 1935 by gynecologists Irving F. Stein and Michael L. Leventhal, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome was named the “Stein-Leventhal syndrome” for many years thereafter (Adi & Tank, 122). The ovulation disorder of the ovaries in women, with a common symptom of infertility, is known today as a condition called Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, or PCOS. It is the result of an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and progesterone in the ovaries. As a result, the imbalance produces the growth of benign masses or ovarian cysts. In addition, PCOS can cause irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, overproduction of insulin, and weight gain. PCOS affects approximately five million women in the United States between the ages of 15 and 44 (womenshealth.gov)....
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...INFERTILITY I. Introduction A. Thesis II. Infertility A. Causes B. Symptoms C. Treatment III. Causes A. Ovulation Disorders Article by Robin Weiss B. Quote from Weiss “Ovulation is the other cornerstone of your fertility. Just as you cannot get pregnant without a lining for the fertilized egg to burrow into, if there is no egg to fertilize pregnancy is not possible” C. Paraphrase from article. IV. Symptoms A. Symptoms of Infertility by The Staff at Mayo Clinic 1. Quote by the staff “The main symptom of infertility is the inability of a couple to get pregnant. An abnormal menstrual cycle that's too long (35 days or more) or too short (less than 21 days) can be a sign of female infertility. There may be no other outward signs or symptoms.” 2. Paraphrase from research. B. Article by The New York Times 1. Quote from article “The main symptom of infertility is the inability to become pregnant. Specific symptoms depend on what is causing the infertility.” 2. Paraphrase from article. V. Treatment A. Clomiphene citrate 1. What is Clomiphene citrate and how does it work? B. Human menopausal gonadotropin (Repronex, Menopur) 1. What is it? C. In vitro Fertilization VI. Conclusion I. Mery Gonzalez Coach Drinkwater English IV 1 Feb 2013 INFERTILITY Every woman dreams of having children as they reach their late 20’s early 30’s, and most women...
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...Running head: PCOS, AN UNDER DIAGNOSED DISORDER PCOS, An Under Diagnosed Disorder Abstract A very common, but often under diagnosed hormone disorder is called Polycystic Ovary Syndrome also known as, PCOS. A positive diagnosis along with treatment can become the answer to many other health problems, including infertility, which may have plagued the patient. Purpose Statement Shows how PCOS, when diagnosed and treated properly can become the answer to many other health problems, including infertility, which may have plagued the patient. Statement of Qualification I bring knowledge to this study because I was diagnosed with PCOS 3 years ago at the age of 28. Having missed the proper diagnosis for the majority of my child-bearing years, I suffered from many of the symptoms that will be later discussed. I have since been under treatment and have found the answer too many of the health problems I had earlier in life. PCOS, An Under diagnosed Disorder In the medical field, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, also known as (PCOS) is a disorder of hormones that is rarely diagnosed. Many women carry out their lives with this disorder and are never treated for it. The disorder is common, affecting as many as one out of ten; however, this number may be higher due to under diagnosis. PCOS carries a wide range of symptoms and they vary from person to person. A few of these symptoms are obesity...
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...remember the doctor asking me the dreading question “how is your sex life?” I could tell he was new to the field with his uncomfortable break on his voice. So I decided to just go for it and be honest and break the ice and said “we have a lot of sex, more than ever, in the morning, for my lunch break, when I got off, and before we went to sleep” He looked at me and his eyes open so wide, I almost thought his eyes were going to come out of there sockets like a cartoon character watching a bomb about to blow up in their hands. He told me he was going to do some test and give me an ultra sound of my ovaries. About three months went by and I got a call from the nurse saying the doctor needed to speak to me. He told me I had PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome). He said they needed to run more test and one of them consisted of them...
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...Constitutional symptoms: Pt states she exercises 2-3 times per week with a yoga class. She maintains a regular diet in which she tries to eat low fat for her cholesterol. She is conscious of her high cholesterol and states it has improved. Pt states overall health as good. Eyes: Pt is myopic in which she wears glasses and contacts. She denies any changes in vision and pain. Ears, nose, mouth, and throat (ENT): Pt states she has no changes in auditory function. Pt denies congestion. Pt denies any soreness in her throat, no hoarseness or pain noted. Cardiovascular: Patient denies any palpitations, lightheadedness, or angina. No claudication noted. Pt denies and calf tenderness or swelling. Respiratory: Pt denies dyspnea on exertion, cough, wheeze, and decrease exercise tolerance. Gastrointestinal: Pt denies any pain, discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Pt states she has a bowel movement daily, last one this morning, moderate in size and formed. Denies any changes in stool character. Pt denies s/s of GERD. Genitourinary: Pt states she is continent. Denies pain with urination. States that urine is clear, yellow. Denies frequency, urgency, and hematuria. Musculoskeletal: Pt states she does have back pain that has worsened over the past two weeks. Denies trauma, pain is location between clavicles on thoracic spine. Pain is localized and does not radiate. Pain is made worse with physical activity. With activity pain can be a level 6 out of 10...
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...releases too little of the hormone cortisol and sometimes, aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, stomach upset, dehydration, and skin changes. Addison's disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency. All treatment for Addison's disease involves hormone replacement therapy to correct the levels of steroid hormones your body isn't producing. Some options for treatment include Oral corticosteroids, Corticosteroid injections, and Androgen replacement therapy. Doctors may prescribe fludrocortisones to replace aldosterone. Hydrocortisone (Cortef), prednisone or cortisone acetate may be used to replace cortisol. Cushing's disease, Overproduction of a pituitary gland hormone leads to an overactive adrenal gland. A similar condition called Cushing's syndrome may occur in people, particularly children, who take high doses of corticosteroid...
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...Disease Process Worksheet _______________________________________________ Name of Presenter ___________________Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)_______________________ Disease or Illness Note: You may use this form as your format or include these topics in a PowerPoint presentation. Overview of Disease or Disorder (what is it? What does it do to the patient? What are usual outcomes?) | Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS can have enlarged ovaries that contain fluid called follicles located in each ovary that can be seen during an ultrasound. Women with PCOS produce higher amounts of male hormones known as androgens which contribute to some of the symptoms. Women with PCOS have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods, excessive hair growth, acne and obesity can occur. | Clinical Signs (How does the disease present?) | Women with PCOS usually have the following symptoms: Obesity, Acne, Infertility, Pelvic pain, Enlarged polycystic ovaries, Hirsutism (excess facial and body hair), Infrequent, absent or irregular menstrual cycle, Hypertension, Sleep apnea, Pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes | Etiology (What causes the disease or illness?) | It is not known what causes PCOS but excess insulin, heredity and low-grade inflammation may play a role. | Epidemiology (The incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population.) | Between 1 in 10 and 1in 20 women of childbearing age has PCOS. As many as 5...
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...Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an ovulation and infertility disorder that occurs in many women. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a problem that occurs in with the ovaries. In PCOS, the ovaries are bigger than average, and the outer surface of the ovary has an abnormally large number of small follicles, which are the sac of fluid that grows around the egg under the influence of stimulating hormones from the brain (Thatcher, 10). PCOS involves more than just the ovaries filled with small cysts, which is associated with high male hormones. In PCOS, these follicles remain immature, never growing to full development or ovulating to make an egg capable of being fertilized. For the woman, this means that she rarely ovulates (releases an egg) and so is less fertile. She also does not have regular periods and may go for many weeks without a period. Other features of the condition are excess weight and excess body hair. The condition is common infertile women and particularly common with women with ovulation problems (an incidence of about 75 percent) (Hammerly, 6). In the general population, around 25 percent of women will have polycystic ovaries seen on ultrasound examination but most have no other symptoms or signs of PCOS and are perfectly healthy. It is not known if women are born with this condition, PCOS seems to run in families, which means that something that causes the condition is inheritable. When PCOS is passed down the man’s side of the family, the men are not infertile...
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... Pelvic Inflammatory Disease There is an estimated one million women in the United States who are treated for pelvic inflammatory disease. About 75,000 suffer from infertility due to damage from PID. That affects the fallopian tubes and uterus. What is Pelvic inflammatory disease? PID is an infection of the women reproductive organs How do women get PID? Women can get it from having a STD and not know. With the STD untreated it causes pelvic inflammatory disease. The bacteria spread from the vagina and cervix and causes PID. In 75 to 90 percent of the PID cases gonorrhea and Chlamydia are present. You can also get it by having many sexual partners and drug use. When a female douche she increases her chances of getting PID. It is proved most cases of is often poly microbial. Signs and symptoms vary in different cases depending on the individual. It can range from none to sever symptoms. There is not an actual test for PID. The doctors diagnose you off of your medical history and pelvic examination. If you have fever, cervical motion tenderness, lower abdominal pain, new or different discharge, painful intercourse, uterine tenderness, adnexal tenderness, or irregular menstruation. You need to let your doctor know as soon as possible. It can come fast and painful if it is produced from gonorrhea. The doctor will do a pelvic exam if you have any of these symptoms. In severe cases a laparoscopy, intra-biopsy may be done. The less severe...
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...obtain from the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Using some of the terms in the PICOT question did lead to useful research studies. What MESH terms have you tried? Did they help you find additional studies? Are you finding MESH terms useful to expand or delimit your search? The MESH terms that this writer have tried includes, polycystic ovary syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, syndrome polycystic ovary....
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...BIO483 Exam #4 Review Comprehensive and/or early Weeks Know all conditions that cause splenomegaly All associated diseases with EBV Week 1 Mechanisms of Cellular Adaptation Types of necrosis and pathology where most likely found. Apply the definitions of Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Week 2 Pain Throughout Organ Systems General anatomy of kidneys, appendix, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, male and female reproductive organs. Costochondritis vs Angina Pectoris vs Myocardial Infarctions. Rheumatoid arthritis Gout lab findings Week 3 Fluid Balance and Edema Electrolyte imbalances of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Intra and Extra cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium as related to osmotic balance. Know the physical signs/symptoms of electrolyte imbalances including hyper and hypo natremia, kalemia, and calcemia. SIADH lab and imaging findings Diabetes insipidus lab and imaging findings Week 4 Topic 4 Acidosis and Alkalosis Know your acid-bases! Week 5 Topic 5 Cardiovascular Causes of Fatigue Cor-pulmonale, cardiomyopathies Week 6 Topic 6 Thyroid, Adrenal, Liver Fatigue Hashimoto’s thyroiditis vs. DeQuervain vs. nodular goiter vs. secondary hypothyroidism Cirrhosis, Addison disease lab tests and hormone responsible. Is it high or low? Week 7 Topic 7 Bleeding as Indicator of Disease Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathophysiology of Hemophilia Ulcers ...
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...The pills would be more likely bought if out in the open but their price would go down. The pills would no longer need a doctor's permission therefore not a prescription medication. Birth control is used for so much more than just preventing pregnancy. It´s used for bad cramps and headaches. Also used for many hormonal problems such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), and endometriosis. (.https://youngwomenshealth.org/parents/birth-control-pills-parent/) It has been used to treat even bad cases of...
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...SYNDROME X – FACT SHEET What is Syndrome X? Metabolic Syndrome X (also known as the metabolic syndrome, syndrome x and insulin resistance syndrome) is a cluster of symptoms that may be caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors that increase a person’s risk of diabetes, heart disease and stroke. Who is affected by Syndrome X? People with: Waist circumference greater that 102 cm (40 inches) in men, greater that 88 cm (35 inches) in women A serum triglyceride level above 1,7 mmol/L (150mg/L) HDL cholesterol below 1.04 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) in men, below 1.29 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) in women Blood pressure raised; above 135mg/85mm Hg, or taking a hypertensive medication Fasting blood glucose above 6.1 mmol/L (110mg/dL) or taking antidiabetic medication What are the risk factors of Syndrome X? Stress, Overweight and Obesity, Sedentary Life Style, Aging, Diabetes Mellitus, Coronary Heart Disease, Lipodystrophy, Schizophrenia, Rheumatic Diseases, Postmenopausal Status, High Carbohydrate Diet, Smoking, Ethnicity, Family History, Low Socioeconomic Status What are the signs and symptoms of Syndrome X? Fatigue, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Depression, Central Obesity, Hormonal Disturbances, Sleep Apnoea, Hypertension, Peripheral Neuropathy, Skin Tags, High Cholesterol, Uncontrolled Diabetes, Ancanthosis Nigricans, Elevated Triglycerides. Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Palpitations, Difficulty Losing Weight, Blurred Vision, Memory ...
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...be able to use birth control; because it allows women to be in control of their own body while being able to make their own decisions. Letty Cottin Pogrebin the founding editor of Ms. Magazine stated the first time in human history “A woman could control her sexuality and determine her readiness for reproduction by using some form of birth control(What).” Birth control pills are not only used to prevent pregnancy they're also used for health benefits. For example regular or absent menstrual periods, menstrual cramps, acne, PMS, endometriosis, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), and for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Because there is less menstrual bleeding when taking birth control pills, you are less likely to get anemia (low number of red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues). Birth control pills also lower your chance of getting endometrial (lining of the uterus) cancer, ovarian cancer, and ovarian cysts(Medical). Family benefits are also another reason why birth control should be morally acceptable. For example, it prevents the conception of children that a family cannot support. Mainly because an enormous amount of women and young adults can not afford to have children physically or emotionally. For instance, I am eighteen years old and I have recently decided that I need to be on birth control. My mother have always told me to explore life first and be adventures before trying to have a baby because once you decided to have a baby your whole...
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