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Words 1329
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Q1.

A single slit diffraction pattern is produced on a screen using a laser. The intensity of the central maximum is plotted on the axes in the figure below.

(a)

On the figure above, sketch how the intensity varies across the screen to the right of the central maximum.
(2)

(b)

A laser is a source of monochromatic, coherent light. State what is meant by monochromatic light .................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... coherent light ............................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)

Describe how the pattern would change if light of a longer wavelength was used. ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................
(1)

(d)

State two ways in which the appearance of the fringes would change if the slit was made narrower. ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................
(2)

Page 1 of 12

(e)

The laser is replaced with a lamp that produces a narrow beam of white light. Sketch and label the appearance of the fringes as you would see them on a screen.

(3) (Total 10 marks)

Q2.

Just over two hundred years ago Thomas Young demonstrated the interference of light by illuminating two closely spaced narrow slits with light from a single light source. (a) What did this suggest to Young about the nature of light? ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)

The demonstration can be carried out more conveniently with a laser. A laser produces coherent, monochromatic light. (i) State what is meant by monochromatic. ............................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. (ii) State what is meant by coherent. ............................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................
(2)

(iii)

State one safety precaution that should be taken while using a laser. ............................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................
(1)

Page 2 of 12

(c)

The diagram below shows the maxima of a two slit interference pattern produced on a screen when a laser was used as a monochromatic light source.

The slit spacing = 0.30 mm. The distance from the slits to the screen = 10.0 m. Use the diagram above to calculate the wavelength of the light that produced the pattern.

answer = ...................................... m
(3)

(d)

The laser is replaced by another laser emitting visible light with a shorter wavelength. State and explain how this will affect the spacing of the maxima on the screen. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................
(2) (Total 9 marks)

Page 3 of 12

Q3.

The figure below shows a stationary wave on a string. The string is tied onto a thin metal bar at A and fixed at B. A vibration generator causes the bar to oscillate at a chosen frequency.

Explain how a stationary wave is formed. Then describe the key features of the stationary wave shown in the figure above. The quality of your written answer will be assessed in this question. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................
(Total 6 marks)

Q4.

(a)

Define the amplitude of a wave.

...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................
(1)

Page 4 of 12

(b)

(i)

Other than electromagnetic radiation, give one example of a wave that is transverse. .............................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

State one difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave. ............................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................
(1)

(c)

The figure below shows two identical polarising filters, A and B, and an unpolarised light source. The arrows indicate the plane in which the electric field of the wave oscillates. (i) If polarised light is reaching the observer, draw the direction of the transmission axis on filter B in the figure below.

(1)

(ii)

The polarising filter B is rotated clockwise through 360º about line XY from the position shown in the figure above. On the axes below, sketch how the light intensity reaching the observer varies as this is done.

(2)

Page 5 of 12

(d)

State one application, other than in education, of a polarising filter and give a reason for its use. ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................
(2) (Total 8 marks)

Page 6 of 12

M1.

(a)

3 subsidiary maxima in correct positions (1)

intensity decreasing (1)

2

(b)

a single wavelength (1) constant phase relationship/difference (1)
2

(c)

maxima further apart/central maximum wider/subsidiary maximum wider/maxima are wider (1)
1

(d)

wider/increased separation (1) lower intensity (1)
2

(e)

distinct fringes shown with subsidiary maxima (1) indication that colours are present within each subsidiary maxima (1) blue/violet on the inner edge or red outer for at least one subsidiary maximum (1) (middle of) central maximum white (1)
3

[10]

Page 7 of 12

M2.

(a) showed that light was a wave (rather than a particle)/wave nature (of light) (1)
1

(b)

(i) (ii) (iii)

single wavelength (or frequency) (1)
1

(waves/source(s) have) constant phase difference (1)
1

any sensible precaution, eg do not look into laser/do not point the laser at others/do not let (regular) reflections enter the eye/safety signs/suitable safety goggles (1)
1

(c)

(0.16/8) = 0.02(0) (1)

=

(1) ecf from calculation of fringe spacing

= 6.0 × 10–7 m (1) (= 600 nm) ecf from calculation of fringe spacing
3

(d)

maxima closer together (1) (quotes equation and states that) spacing is proportional to wavelength/ D and s are constant therefore as λ decreases so ω decreases (1) or links smaller wavelength to smaller path difference (1)
2

[9]

M3.

The candidate’s writing should be legible and the spelling, punctuation and grammar should be sufficiently accurate for the meaning to be clear. The candidate’s answer will be assessed holistically. The answer will be assigned to one of the three levels according to the following criteria. High Level (good to excellent) 5 or 6 marks The information conveyed by the answer is clearly organised, logical and coherent, using appropriate specialist vocabulary correctly. The form and style of writing is appropriate to answer the question. Mentions waves travelling in opposite directions or waves of same frequency (and amplitude) and superpose or interfere or add together.

Page 8 of 12

Intermediate Level (modest to adequate) 3 or 4 marks The information conveyed by the answer may be less well organised and not fully coherent. There is less use of specialist vocabulary, or specialist vocabulary may be used incorrectly. The form and style of writing is less appropriate. Mentions waves travelling in opposite directions (accept ‘waves reflect/ rebound back or from clamp’) or superposition/addition/interference of waves or waves of same frequency/wavelength. Low Level (poor to limited) 1 or 2 marks The information conveyed by the answer is poorly organised and may not be relevant or coherent. There is little correct use of specialist vocabulary. The form and style of writing may only be partly appropriate. One correct key feature or one relevant remark regarding formation given. The explanation expected in a competent answer should include a coherent account of the following points concerning the physical principles involved and their consequences in this case. • • • • • • • • • • 4 nodes where there is no movement/zero amplitude 3 antinodes where amplitude is maximum wavelength 0.80 m end antinodes in phase/middle and ends in antiphase between node and antinode, amplitude of oscillation increases waves reflect off the clamp (and the rod) waves travelling in opposite directions superpose/add/interfere wave have same wavelength and frequency (similar amplitude) always cancellation at nodes/always constructive superposition at antinodes energy is not transferred along string
[6]

Page 9 of 12

M4.

(a) maximum displacement from equilibrium/mean position/mid-point/etc (1)
1

(b)

(i)

any one from: surface of water/water waves/in ripple tank (1) rope (1) slinky clearly qualified as transverse (1) secondary (‘s’) waves (1) max 1

(ii)

transverse wave: oscillation (of medium) is perpendicular to wave travel or transverse can be polarised or all longitudinal require a medium (1)
1

(c)

(i) (ii)

vertical line on B ± 5° (1)
1

max 0, 180, 360 + min 90, 270 (1) and line reaches same minimum and maximum every time and reasonable shape (1)
2

Page 10 of 12

(d)

appropriate use (1) reason for Polaroid filter being used (1) eg Polaroid glasses/sunglasses/ camera (in a) microscope polarimeter stress analysis LCD displays 3D glasses to reduce glare windscreens reduce glare/enhance image to identify minerals/rocks to analyse chemicals/concentration or type of sugar reveals areas of high/low stress/ other relevant detail very low power/other relevant detail enhance viewing experience, etc
2

[8]

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