...The Positive Effects of Fascism Mussolini's march on Rome, the horrors of the Holocaust, Japanese extreme forms of nationalism, burning crosses and neo-Nazi skinheads; These moments are as haunting, and even fewer ideologies as malicious, as fascism. And yet, people are not aware of the progressive effects of fascism. There has never been a regime in history that has not had at least some positive effects to its credit, and fascism was no exception. Had it compiled only failures and crimes, it would have had to rest entirely on massive terror in order to stay in power, and this was clearly not the case. Fascism did in fact, satisfies certain needs and desires of wide sections of society and, at least in some respects, gained its support, respect, and even enthusiasm. Despite its violent ideals, people still attracted to fascism. It is known that fascism has a positive effect on the economy, a stronger nationality of people, and national safety and order Fascism is an ideological ideal in effect gave economic benefits to both the country and its citizens. A fascist government sets goals for consumer goods, capital formation, organizing production and determining income. Although a fascist government controls almost all aspects of the economy, there are many benefits to an economy that follows fascist policies. First of all, a fascist country faces no unemployment. All citizens in Italy during Benito Mussolini's rule had a job and an income. This made it easier for many families...
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...Fascism in the Twentieth Century; Hitler and Nazism ‘Fascism’ is one of the most controversial political terms in modern history. The lack of a universally accepted definition for the term has meant that it can and has been applied to a wide variety of political contexts. Fascism developed from the destruction caused by the First World War. Its origins can be traced, however, to the intellectual revolt against liberalism in Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. While there was a revolutionary reaction against the ideals of the French Revolution before 1914, it was the First World War which acted as a real catalyst for the emergence of fascism. The war swept away the Hohenzellern, Halsburg and Romanov dynasties in Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia respectively and sharpened class-consciousness (the idea of lower, middle and upper classes) and increased ethnic tensions, severely weakening the social fabric of many nations. Fascism, in part, was also the result of a reaction by the middle classes against the perceived communist threat caused by the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917. Fascism was the most severe reaction to the post-war political, social and national crisis. The First World War also had a positive significance on the rise of fascism. The survivors of the ‘lost generation,’ (the survivors of the First World War) had become disillusioned and embittered, and were attracted to the direct-action approach of fascist paramilitary organisations. This increased...
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...Social Influence: Key Terminology Agentic state a state of feeling controlled by an authority figure, and therefore lacking a sense of personal responsibility. Authoritarian personality identified by Adorno et al. as someone who is more likely to be obedient. These people tend to hold rigid beliefs, and to be hostile towards other groups and submissive to authority. Autokinetic effect - a visual illusion where a small spot of light in a darkened room appears to be moving when in fact it is stationary. Autonomous state - being aware of the consequences of our actions and therefore taking voluntary control of our behaviour. Buffers - aspects of situations that protect people from having to confront the results of their actions. Collectivistic cultures - cultures (such as many in the Far East) in which the emphasis is on group solidarity and interdependence. Commitment - an individual's involvement in, and motivation for, a given viewpoint. Compliance - conforming to the majority view in order to be liked, or to avoid ridicule or social exclusion. Compliance occurs more readily with public behaviour than private behaviour, and is based on power. Conformity - changes in behaviour and/or attitudes occurring in response Consistency - the extent to which the same opinions are expressed by all minority group members (interindividual consistency) and over time (intra-individual consistency). Conversion - the influence of the minority on the majority. This is likely to affect...
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...www. Wikipedia.org The economic problem, sometimes called the basic, central or fundamental economic problem, is one of the fundamental economic theories in the operation of any economy. It asserts that there is scarcity, or that the finite resources available are insufficient to satisfy all human wants and needs. The problem then becomes how to determine what is to be produced and how thefactors of production (such as capital and labor) are to be allocated. Economics revolves around methods and possibilities of solving the economic problem. In short, the economic problem is the choice one must make, arising out of limited means and unlimited wants. Contents [hide] * 1 Overview * 1.1 Opportunity cost and Production Possibility Frontier * 1.2 Needs * 1.3 Wants * 1.4 Choice * 2 See also | ------------------------------------------------- [edit]Overview The economic problem is most simply explained by the question "how do we satisfy unlimited wants with limited resources?" The premise of the economic problem model is that wants are constant and infinite due to constantly changing demands (often closely related to changing demographics of the population). However, resources in the world to satisfy human wants are always limited to the amount of natural or human resources available. The economic problem, and methods to curb it, revolve around the idea of choice in prioritizing which wants can be fulfilled.. and how do we know what to produce for the...
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...behavior during adolescence, and peer pressure has been called a hallmark of adolescent experience.[1][2] Peer conformity in young people is most pronounced with respect to style, taste, appearance, ideology, and values.[3] Peer pressure is commonly associated with episodes of adolescent risk taking (such as delinquency, drug abuse, sexual behaviors,[4] and reckless driving) because these activities commonly occur in the company of peers.[2] Affiliation with friends who engage in risk behaviors has been shown to be a strong predictor of an adolescent's own behavior.[5] Peer pressure can also have positive effects when youth are pressured by their peers toward positive behavior, such as volunteering for charity [6] or excelling in academics.[7] The importance of peers declines upon entering adulthood.[8] While socially accepted kids often have the most opportunities and the most positive experiences, research shows that being in the popular crowd may also be a risk factor for mild to moderate deviant behavior.[citation...
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...Common interests are a powerful thing. You can mostly find yourself conversing with another person about things you both find interesting, or share conflicting views on a singular subject. Political bills, strengths and weaknesses of your favorite football team and favorite video games are just some examples of topics that can come up during a conversation or debate about a common interest shared across any number of people. From two to three people coming together over a shared goal or a single passion can create great things, good or bad. You may remember joining an optional elective class in high school that you had an inkling of interest in, and you may have even developed that interest into a full blown hobby. My high-school electives were that of the artistic kind. From my video productions class, we grouped up to create informative, often humorous, motion pictures and interviews. From my drawing and painting classes I drew portraits of myself and even my future wife. One great thing that came from this common interest was the initial conversation that I had with my now wife. We shared the similar passion for drawing the human figure. From a single conversation, to regular meetings to discuss stories and artists, to a marriage, is just one example of how a shared interest can produce something extraordinary. A more corporate example of people sharing a common interest would be the company Silicon and Synapse, which is now referred to as Blizzard Entertainment, the founders...
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...Walter Benjamin (1936) The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction ________________________________________ Source: UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television; Transcribed: by Andy Blunden 1998; proofed and corrected Feb. 2005. ________________________________________ “Our fine arts were developed, their types and uses were established, in times very different from the present, by men whose power of action upon things was insignificant in comparison with ours. But the amazing growth of our techniques, the adaptability and precision they have attained, the ideas and habits they are creating, make it a certainty that profound changes are impending in the ancient craft of the Beautiful. In all the arts there is a physical component which can no longer be considered or treated as it used to be, which cannot remain unaffected by our modern knowledge and power. For the last twenty years neither matter nor space nor time has been what it was from time immemorial. We must expect great innovations to transform the entire technique of the arts, thereby affecting artistic invention itself and perhaps even bringing about an amazing \change in our very notion of art.” Paul Valéry, Pièces sur L’Art, 1931 Le Conquete de l’ubiquite Preface When Marx undertook his critique of the capitalistic mode of production, this mode was in its infancy. Marx directed his efforts in such a way as to give them prognostic value. He went back to the basic conditions underlying capitalistic...
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...Leadership characteristics define many prominent figures throughout history. The view of what good leadership is varies from place to place or even from person to person. Good leadership is often associated with positive role models such Gandhi or Martin Luther King. Yet, good leadership is also visible in unscrupulous figures such as Genghis Kahn and Adolf Hitler. The following paragraphs will compare and contrast leadership characteristics between Adolf Hitler and Winston Churchill. An examination of their goals and leadership characteristics will show that these individuals had quite very different objectives.; hHowever, the leadership processes they used were frequently similar. Adolf Hitler and Winton Churchill were among the greatest leaders in world history and certainly during the years of World War II. History perceives Churchill as a positive character and Hitler as an example of an unscrupulous leader who brought death and destruction. Churchill led Great Britain as a prime minister during World War II, while Hitler was a leader of Germany. Churchill and Hitler were very different individuals. In many ways their leadership styles and approach seemed similar, however, their backgrounds were quite different. Churchill came from a wealthy and famous family while Hitler, in contrast, was born into a family of commoners. Both of them lost their fathers during their youth; Hitler was 14, Churchill was 20. Churchill was a patriot and a prominent speaker who gave...
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...It can have positive and negative effects on people's social aspects or beliefs. Some religions have core values that change the way people live. Religious beliefs may affect morals and ethics and differ from region to region. Followed strictly, religious beliefs can dictate the kinds of food that people eat, the clothes they wear, and the way they interact with each other and outsiders. The history of a country is involved in shaping all major social aspects of it's people or society. Their religion, the wars the country was involved, the trades they made with other countries and treaties they hold, or the people that were associated with or assimilated into the country. History can have a determining factor in the way a country's politics are shaped as well, which in turn shapes culture. Generally, countries that had adopted or fell to extreme political views like fascism or communism were historically impoverished, oppressed by stronger neighboring countries, or ravaged by war. These factors don't always result in the extreme left or right...
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...For Huntington, each country or culture has its own core which can not be changed or destroyed at all, so the difference of civilization will cause the further conflicts, non-western countries can be democratization, but they can not be truly westernization. While from Fukuyama’s point of view, he denies the core which can not be changed or destroyed. He argues that the culture can be changed through the development of politics, economy and entire society. Also, Fukuyama claims that the cultural difference between two western countries and between one western country and one non-western country is similar in essence. In this way he thinks that any country, under the effects of western civilization and globalization background will definitely move together. westernization, adopt liberal values, democracy and market economy. “Fukuyama believes that liberal democracy would eventually triumph in the world and the liberals will win battle within the Muslim world as well. Radical ideologies are only powerful in the Muslim world because of a lack of democracy, a lack of development, frustration with American foreign policy – some combination of all those. He argues that in the recent past, with the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Iron Curtain, a consensus has emerged throughout the world that...
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...countries such as Britain, Germany and France came out of the war with large debts to pay, this was due to the fact that they had been borrowing from The United States of America, after its entrance into financial crisis the rest of the countries depending on its financing would inevitably enter down turn and face similar crisis. World War 1 also left many industrialized countries weak and in large debts, they needed to finance the rebuilding of their economies and industries that were damaged during the war, this made it harder for them to recover. There are a number of explanations to as what brought about the great depression in 1929. These are structural and monetary weaknesses as well as a number of specific events that enhanced the effects from one country to another and eventually to all major industrialized countries. What Caused the great depression? The depression was also said to have partially started with the crash of the stock market in the United States on October 29 1929, this was known as the Black Tuesday. This was said to be a major cause for the great depression and within just two months of the stock market crash stock holders had lost nearly $40 billion dollars.(The Great Depression- top5 causes of the great depression). As a few firms posted their results stock prices fell, this triggered panic as stock holders tried...
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...Alfred Chami Globalization Essay February 8, 2015 The Corporation is a mind-altering documentary that highlights the negative light that corporations shed on society today. Joel Bakan, the filmmaker, is well known for his works that criticize the adverse roles multinational corporations play on humanity. Joel raises public attention to the paradox of a corporation’s functioning, defining it as “ an institution that creates great wealth but causes enormous and often hidden harms. “ (Achbar and Abott, 2003,17:43). The documentary describes a corporation as a structure that has the equivalence to an individual’s legal status, thus raising the big question: if the corporation really is a person, what type of person is it? In response, the film focuses on arguments that try to prove this “person” to be psychopathic, partaking violent social behavior. The document questions the responsibility of production methods that corporations favor, the utilized marketing techniques, and whether a corporation is really an institution or in fact, an individual. As the harms continuously rise, businesses are challenged to encounter the concept of corporate responsibility. The central argument of the film is centered on the question: “Is the firm an individual or an institution?” (Achbar and Abott, 2003,21:16). Based on the historic development of the corporation, it seems to be that the answer is leaning towards being an individual. Corporations have developed to carry their own...
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...Poland: A Case Study for Efficient Markets? Poland’s GDP grew by 1.7% in 2009. It was the only European country with positive economic growth that year. “What did Poland do right?” is what many pundits were asking throughout 2011, late 2010, and has recently been brought up yet again. Poland has even been called the “case study for free markets.” In this political election year, where many are calling for the repeal of Dodd-Frank, dismantling of the Treasury’s Office of Financial Research, and the Consumer Protection Financial Bureau, it would be good to discuss Poland and whether it truly is the “case study” for free market economics. Commentators have argued that Poland’s Finance Minister and Prime Minister “have an unyielding belief in the free markets.” Equating Poland’s policies to Austrian economics advocated by F. A. Hayek and his mentor Von Mises. Using Von Mises for economic policy is a bit misplaced as even Friedman, loyalist supporter of F. A. Hayek, has harsh criticism for Von Mises’ intolerance for opposing economic views. Von Mises is more of an early to mid-1900s example of today’s hard-right conservative policies, than strong analytic economic policies. In fact, Von Mises presented an ideological type of economist, opting to support fascism to quash support for communism. He also, simultaneously opposed progressive tax to the point that he vehemently disagreed with economists so much that he used today’s strong economic analysis of calling them “all socialists”...
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...Why This Person is Superior George Orwell as a Novelist George Orweel is one of the leading novelists of modern age. His novels express a powerful sattire on the political and social hypocrisies. By thw quality of his writing, he has achieved international fame and recognition. In his evolution as a novelist he moved from simple narration to symbolic expression. But he has been criticised by many critics due to the lack of sincere characteristics of a novel in his novels. It has bveen proved that he has failed as a novelist. Tom Hopkinson opines, “Orwell’s reputaion as awriter rests largely on his novels, but his gifts are not those of a novelist; and, if the novel had not happened to be the prevailing literary form during the twenty years when he was writing, he would proably never have been attracted to it. Orwell had little imagination, little understanding of human relationshipl, little sympathy with individual human beings- though much with humanity in general.” O.D. Leavis also found that he had “wasted a lot of energy trying to be a novelist. I think I must have read three or four novels by him and the only impression those dreary books left on me was that nature didn’t intend him to be a novelist.” Edward M. Thomas also found that he did not possess the temperment of a novelist. Thus Orwell, who wished to produce more than thirty novels, had to admitin aletter, written to his friend, Julian Symons, “You are perfectly right about my own character constantly intruding...
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...The Reader’s Digest condensed version of The Road to Serfdom The Road to Serfdom FRIEDRICH A. HAYEK The condensed version of The Road to Serfdom by F. A. Hayek as it appeared in the April 1945 edition of Reader’s Digest The Institute of Economic Affairs First published in Great Britain in 1999 in the ‘Rediscovered Riches’ series by The Institute of Economic Affairs 2 Lord North Street Westminster London sw1p 3lb Reissued in the ‘Occasional Paper’ series in 2001 This condensed version of The Road to Serfdom © Reader’s Digest, reproduced by kind permission The Road to Serfdom is published in all territories outside the USA by Routledge. This version is published by kind permission. All other material copyright © The Institute of Economic Affairs 1999, 2001 Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders associated with this edition. In some cases this has not been possible. The IEA will be pleased to include any corrections in the next edition. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. isbn 0 255 36530 6 Many IEA publications are translated into...
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