...Human Resource Management ■ Analyze the diversity Legal Framework. Introduction : Having the right people on staff is crucial to the success of an organization. Various selection devices help employers predict which applicants will be successful if hired. These devices aim to be not only valid, but also reliable. Validity is proof that the relationship between the selection device measures the same thing consistently. For example, it would be appropriate to give a keyboarding test to a candidate applying for a job as an administrative assistant. However it would not be valid to give a keyboarding test to a candidate for a job as a physical education teacher. If a keyboarding test is given to the same individual on two separate occasions, the results should be similar. To be effective predictors, a selection device must possess an acceptable level of consistency. Application forms: For most employers , the application form is the first step in the selection process. Application forms provide a record of salient information about the applicants for positions and also furnish data for personnel research. Interviewers may use responses from the application for follow-up questions during an interview. These forms range from requests for basic information , such as names ,addresses and telephone numbers, to comprehensive personal history profiles detailing applicants’ education , job experience...
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...2. In Chapter 5, "Civil Rights, Equality and Social Movements," the authors define civil rights as, "those positive rights, whether political, social, or economic, conferred by the government on individuals or groups." As such, they are rights that are conferred upon us based on legislative action (i.e., the right to marry, the right to vote, the right to drive, etc.). The Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause requires each state to not "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." Thus, there is some restriction on a state when it provides civil rights, to do so in an equal manner. After reading Chapter 5 in its entirety, focus specifically on the discussion regarding, "The Women's Movement and Gender Equality." Include the following: * Provide an understanding of the Court's initial opinion as to whether the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause required states to apply the law equally, without regard to gender. Use Muller v. Oregon (1908), Goesaert v. Cleary (1948), and Hoyt v. Florida (1961). * Beginning with Reed v. Reed (1971), explain the shift in the Court's opinion with regard to the Fourteenth Amendment's application to laws that discriminated based on gender. * Understanding the difference between the formal amendment process and the informal amendment process, explain how the Court's decisions relating to gender equality, beginning in the 1970's, may have achieved results similar to the goals of the Equal...
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...A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM?: OBERGEFELL V. HODGES Kenji Yoshino The decision in Obergefell v. Hodges1 achieved canonical status even as Justice Kennedy read the result from the bench. A bare majority held that the Fourteenth Amendment required every state to perform and to recognize marriages between individuals of the same sex.2 The majority opinion ended with these ringing words about the plaintiffs: “Their hope is not to be condemned to live in loneliness, excluded from one of civilization’s oldest institutions. They ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The Constitution grants them that right.”3 While Obergefell’s most immediate effect was to legalize same-sex marriage across the land, its long-term impact could extend far beyond this context. To see this point, consider how much more narrowly the opinion could have been written. It could have invoked the equal protection and due process guarantees without specifying a formal level of review, and then observed that none of the state justifications survived even a deferential form of scrutiny. The Court had adopted this strategy in prior gay rights cases.4 Instead, the Court issued a sweeping statement that could be compared to Loving v. Virginia,5 the 1967 case that invalidated bans on in––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Chief Justice Earl Warren Professor of Constitutional Law, New York University School of Law. I gratefully acknowledge receiving financial support from...
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...Equality is ensuring individuals or a group of individuals are treated fairly and equally. There are laws in place to ensure that this happens. In correspondence with the law, organisations have equality policies to make sure that everyone is treated correspondingly. In a health and social care setting such as a mental care home it is important that all individuals are being treated the same, whether from a different race or different belief or their gender, as well as holding to account on providing their individual needs, because not all of them have the same mental illness/condition. Diversity is all about acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual has something different making them unique. These can be along the range of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities and religious beliefs as well as other beliefs and ideologies. Diversity is all about acknowledging the differences in each individual. Rights are legal, social or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement. Rights are the essential regulative rules placed to allow people to have freedom of speech; however a person’s rights can be limited such as having a criminal offence. Rights are also considered to be an importance to civilization, being acknowledge as an incorporated as pillars of society and culture. There different rights that is in a country or society such as: * Natural rights are rights that are “natural” in the sense...
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...mother of the child.” (Ruggiero 171) The moral issue is second-hand being a danger to the child in question; and the fact that the judge has ordered the mother to stop smoking around her child. People know the dangers of second-hand smoke and how harmful it can be your child’s health, or anyone’s health for that matter. When “the judge ordered the woman to stop smoking around her child, his judgement corresponds with the natural value that we have a moral obligation to care for ourselves and others. Also, we are prohibited from acting in ways that could harm innocent persons.” (Burnor 182) Based on the judge’s decision, “negative rights,” he made a claim against the mother that she should not be smoking around her child.” (Burnor 196) So he is deterring the child from second-hand smoke and making sure he is protected. Now the mother must practice “positive rights” (Burnor 195) to ensure that she does what is morally right to make sure the health and well-being of he son are of utmost importance. Also, the father can be more at ease knowing his son is free from second-hand smoke. Because of the judgement against the woman, she can accuse the judge and possibly her child’s father of violating her “human rights.” (Burnor 196) She may claim that she’s being discriminated against for being a smoker, which just may not the case here. Just because she was ordered not to smoke around her child, doesn’t mean that the court system or judge is discriminating against her. It is the judge’s...
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...Introduction Is there an obligation in part of MNCs to be morally upright in the eyes of the world? How wide do moral obligations extend within the global context? MNCs are entities within states that have a large capability in the eyes of the moral law to aid, protect and serve the public. However, in the search for profit, many MNCs will do only as much as they have to in order to be morally upstanding and financially sound. According to some philosophers, including Marx, the public must be protected from and by all organizations in their respective capacity; this includes the state and MNCs that, more often than not, have more power than the states in which they operate. Take, for instance, an MNC in El Salvador, profiting from the affordability of the production process, profiting from the lack of limitations within this one ‘weak-state’ and profiting from the sales accomplished overseas. The state of El Salvador is much weaker than an MNC such as Nike; in this example then, the MNC has the obligation to better the conditions of the state, not deprive it, aid or neglect its social responsibility to uphold ethics while practicing enterprising. This essay questions the reasoning behind Donaldson in Rights and Kinds of Obligations, arguing that O’Neill has a more fair system of distributing the right aid for the protection of all rights. The main question then is: what is the moral obligation of MNCs in the global context after having reviewed both Donaldson and O’Neill’s articles...
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...Alex Bernier Morality in Business Exam #1 October 4, 2011 2. In the article, “Calculating Consequences,” the authors discuss utilitarianism and the major problems with utilitarian calculations. What is utilitarianism and what are the major problems? In the article, "Calculating Consequences," the authors discuss the major problems with utilitarian calculations. Utilitarianism is an approach to ethics first developed by Jeremy Bentham during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This approach to ethics uses a straightforward manner where the decision that is made should be the one that has been deemed to have the best outcome after looking at all courses of action. Basically, utilitarianism focuses on, “The greatest good for the greatest number” (Calculating Consequences par. 5). According to the authors, there are three major problems with utilitarianism. First, utilitarian calculation “requires that we assign values to the benefits and harms resulting from our actions and compare them with the benefits and harms that might result from other actions” (Calculating Consequences par. 8). The problem lies in the fact that it may be extremely difficult or seemingly impossible to assign these benefits and harms on the outcome of our actions. The authors for example state, “How do we go about assigning a value to life or to art” (Calculating Consequences par. 8). For something that is so important to all people such as life how can there possibly be a value...
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...Ramona Zimmermann 37173 AB Psychology 3 FREEDOM Freedom starts with a principle of self-control, also known as self-ownership. In a free society, each and every person has legal control (or "ownership") of their own body and mind. As such, the concept of freedom refers to a certain type of political empowerment. It refers specifically to equal empowerment. In other words, a free society is one with an equal distribution of legal rights and in which each and every person has as much legal rights as possible. Because freedom entails political equality, freedom can only logically entail as much legal rights as compatible with the same legal rights in others. In a free society, any one person cannot have so many legal rights that all other people could not logically have the same amount of legal rights. For example, freedom does not include the legal right to enslave someone else because freedom includes the legal right to not be enslaved. In another example, freedom does not include the legal right to non-defensively punch other people in the face against their will because freedom includes the legal right to not be offensively punched. Basically, a free person has the legal allowance to do whatever he or she wants insofar as he or she does not offensively harm or coerce other people against those other people's wills. Remember, the limitation is a logical requirement. Freedom obviously can not include the legal right to limit other people's freedom because that...
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...Positive and Negative Reinforcements Agyoly Nunez Grand Canyon University: SPE-522-0101 August 7th, 2013 Positive and Negative Reinforcements When a child exhibits negative behavior, teachers must try to find methods and strategies that will reduce student failure. Challenging behavior is seen by, students that feel frustrated because they do not understand the task or assignments that must be completed during classroom time, or students that may have a negative home environment where, parents are involved with drugs or have a low income. Every school year teachers are faced with challenging behavior in the classroom. In order to minimize negative behavior and produce desirable behavior teachers use reinforcers that appeal to students, and are effective, such as positive reinforcement, and sometimes negative reinforcement that may appear to be good for students. Teachers will use positive reinforcers that are appealing and increase student academic performance, because it is the most effective way to improve behavior for all students (Grand Canyon University, 2010). When using interventions and strategies in the classroom, administers are urge to use research base material that supports the technique (GCU, 2010). Reinforcement is defined as a consequence that precedes a behavior that promotes or motives that particular behavior (Wheeler & Richey, 2010). It is also known as a process, that reinforces and strengthens a behavior that is displayed by an individual...
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...might transference and counter-transference issues manifest themselves in your work with participants? How about unconscious defenses? Week 1 Assignment: Learning Team Charter Team “D” Week 2 BSHS 312 Week 2 Discussion Question # 1 Do you think that a therapist should be an active participant in the treatment of his or her clients? Why or why not? BSHS 312 Week 2 Discussion Question # 2 What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement? In your opinion, is either effective? Why or why not? Week 2 Assignments: Annotated Bibliography- Stages of Change Model Self-Management Behavior Contract: To Lose weight and lower my BMI (1450+ Words) Week 3 BSHS 312 Week 3 Discussion Question # 1 Do you agree with the necessity for autonomy as defined by the cognitive theorists? Why? BSHS 312 Week 3 Discussion Question # 2 What kinds of all-or-nothing thinking have you detected in yourself? How will you stop it? Week 3 Assignments: Site Visit Report Kitsap Recovery Center (950+ Words) Behavioral-Cognitive Tools Beck Depression Inventory (1250+ Words) Week 4 BSHS 312 Week 4 Discussion Question # 1 Describe what is meant by a genogram? BSHS 312 Week 4 Discussion Question # 2 Explain the positive and negative roles that rules can play in the family system. Week 4 Assignment: BSHS...
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...too successfully write documents that are used in the world of business, these documents include; sales report, a memo, an executive summary, a resume, a proposal, and many more. I had three assignments that were assigned. The three assignments included; a resume, a rhetorical analysis of a popular business article, and a positive and negative business letter. The first assignment that was assigned was to find an available job position and create a resume that would fit to the opening. I felt like I met the goals for the assignment because I followed the rubric and created a resume based on a summer internship position offered by Uline. This assignment taught me how to create a strong resume with the correct format that employers are looking for. At first the assignment was difficult because I wasn’t sure what type of resume to write, but after a little help it slowly started to come together. Peer review helped me with my resume because it...
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...Operant Conditioning Amanda Ayers PSY/390 May 13th, 2015 Simon Ramsubhag PhD. Operant Conditioning The term operant conditioning is heard all over the psychology world. It is one of the first theories that one is introduced to during their psychology learning years. So, what exactly is this theory? While learning about operant conditioning we must pay attention to two necessities, positive and negative reinforcements. These two play a key role in operant conditioning and behaviors. But which reinforcement method works better? Positive or negative? There are a few aspects to look into when determining which method works the best. Once operant conditioning, positive reinforcement, and negative reinforcement are learned, then it becomes easy for an individual to take the information and shape a behavior. Along with shaping behaviors, the creation of a reinforcement schedule can also be applied to the selected behavior. The Theory of Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning was created by behaviorist BF Skinner. Operant conditioning occurs through rewards and punishments for behaviors. This creates a link between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Skinner had believed that it was not really necessary to look at internal thoughts and motivation in order to explain behavior. Instead we should look only at the external observable causes of human behavior (Cherry, 2005). When we have actions that are followed by reinforcement, they will be strengthened...
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...classes that I do not like or understand, harder projects, and sometimes even the simplest projects. Knowing that I have time to do a certain assignment makes me think, “Okay I have all week to do this, I’ll just do it later.” Well later turns into the night before it is due, which causes me to stress. I believe that it is important for me to change and stray away from procrastinating because procrastinating causes unnecessary stress and I do not need anymore stress in my life. I am already stressed as it is due to being a student athlete and procrastinating is only adding more stress on me. The stress builds up and eventually I cannot take it anymore, which leads to an emotional break down. If I were to change my ways and not procrastinate, I believe that I would be a lot less stressed and would have a well-balanced week of homework and maybe even have sometime for myself. Procrastination is something that it very hard to change, but I am willing to do whatever it take to change it. In order to change my procrastination behavior, I need to have reinforcements for myself and hold myself accountable for them. Positive and negative reinforcements are the two types used to effect a change in a behavior. A positive reinforcement is a stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response (Feldman, 2009) Negative reinforcement is an...
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...univariate. 2. Pearson's correlation should be used only when there is a linear relationship between variables. It can be a positive or negative relationship, as long as it is significant. Correlation is used for testing in Within Groups studies. A possible research hypothesis for this statistical model would be that there is a positive linear relationship between variables. Another possible research hypothesis would be that there is a negative linear relationship. If there is no linear relationship between the variables, then we would retain the null hypothesis. 3. Pearson's correlation should be used when there is a significant effect. (p > .05) When there is a relationship between two variables. There can be a positive or negative correlation. It cannot be used when we retain the null hypothesis because then there is no relationship. It can be used if the null is rejected. 4. A Pearson's correlation is used when two quantitative variables are being tested in the RH. This cannot test attributive RH, but can associative and causal. The associative hypothesis can be tested when ever we want with a correlation. The causal RH can only be used with a correlation when a well-ran true experiment is being ran. 5. You use a Pearson's correlation when you believe there is a linear relationship in your data. With a correlation, you can hypothesize that you will have a positive linear relationship (ex. as __ increases, so will __),...
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...Amabile and colleagues in what has turned into a penetrating study of creativity in organizations. By analyzing nearly 12,000 daily diary entries from employees working on creative projects—everything from making a new high-strength fabric to developing a database for a global hotel chain—they were able to chart how and why team leaders have enormous impact, positive or negative, on creativity. Amabile et al.'s findings were published in the February issue of The Leadership Quarterly as "Leader Behaviors and the Work Environment for Creativity: Perceived Leader Support." Amabile, an influential scholar on creativity, conducted the research with Elizabeth A. Schatzel, Giovanni B. Moneta, and Steven J. Kramer. She recently discussed their findings with HBS Working Knowledge. Q: You make the point that you see "support" as not just emotional encouragement but also practical help in solving problems. Why do employees' perceptions of a leader's support or lack thereof make a difference in their creativity? A: We found that employees' perceptions of team leader support were more positive when the leader engaged in four types of effective...
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