...BENTLEY COLLEGE Bentley Model United Nations Program 16th Annual BMUN High School Conference 28-31 May 2004 La Cava Campus Center BACKGROUND PAPER AND TOPIC SUMMARY Third World Debt Executive Summary: The debt problems of developing countries that began in the 1980s still remain a huge burden in the new millennium. Although there have been several initiatives like the Baker Plan, the Brady Plan, and the HIPC Initiative to ease the burdens of those countries, many still experience unsustainable debt. The debt burdens of developing and middle-income countries increased from $500 billion in 1980 to $1 trillion by 1985. By 2000, their debt was about $2 trillion. The debts of HIPC countries increased from $60 billion in 1980 to $190 billion by 1990. Even with relief programs like the HIPC Initiative, 8 countries under the Initiative experienced worsening debt indicators even after reaching their completion points. The consequences of developing countries’ inability to exit from debt payments go beyond the financial level. In addition to economies being hurt, the peoples of developing countries will also feel the affects. The United Nations established the Millennium Development Goals in 2000 that pledged to halve income poverty between 1990 and 2015, but countries like those in Sub-Saharan Africa will most likely not meet this goal. The problems delaying debt relief result from numerous actors. Creditors need to provide additional financing...
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...Nicholas Jones GEOG 370 Prof. Wilder 29 Jan 2014 Short Paper #1 Gustavo Esteva’s essay titled “The Invention of Underdevelopment”; he discusses the speech that President Truman used to create the term “underdevelopment” and the progression of the term through history to the present day definition, as well as the possible negative outcomes created by labeling a population or country underdeveloped. Esteva also points out the effects this “glass half empty” label can have on a country’s people and its development. This can be especially detrimental on global scale when considering that two thirds of the world is still living in poverty; despite efforts from the UN and other organizations to help these countries increase their GDP. As result of these efforts, poverty levels did not decrease. Bringing to light, that simply growing a countries economy is not the solution as once thought. Another famous post-development anthropologist, Arturo Escobar, examines this aspect of word underdevelopment in his paper “The Invention of Development”. Arturo then begins to talk about the discourse of development and how poverty has been problematized by the First World through the formation of organizations and foundations. Although formed with good intentions, these organizations create a crutch for the country especially when they begin establishing themselves as an authoritarian figure. While Arturo and Esteva are extremely similar in their viewpoints of development and the implications...
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...with society, suffer from domestic abuse and become dependent on their violent husband.3 It may be shocking that there are 67 million child brides in 2010 and there will be approximately 142,000,000 child brides all around the world after only ten years later.4 More surprisingly, there will be 14 million new child brides every year.5 Now as situation of child brides is becoming worse and worse, this research paper will focus on analyzing three main causes of this pathetic reality. Firstly, some religions that allow existence of child brides can encourage their followers or their followers’ daughters to get married before eighteen. What’s more, developing countries and many rural areas where poverty widely existed contribute a great part to this growing tendency. Last but not least, lack of education also changes those 1 2 3 4 5 A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle. The Phrase Finder. Web. 9 May 2014. Child marriages: 39 000 every day. World Health Organization. Web. 1 May 2014. Nilanjana Bhowmick. India Criticized For Not Co-Sponsoring U.N. Child-Bride Resolution. Time.com. 18 May, 2014. Child Marriage Facts and Figures. International Center for Research on Women. Web. 20 April 2014. About Child Marriage. Girlsnotbrides....
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...SAARC Ministerial Declaration on Cooperation in Combating Terrorism ***** We, the Foreign Ministers of Member States of SAARC, are deeply concerned about the continuing scourge of terrorism afflicting the region which has caused extensive social disharmony, loss of human life, destruction and damage to property. Terrorism poses a serious threat to peace and cooperation, and friendly and good neighbourly relations. It jeopardises the sovereignty and the territorial integrity of States, while constituting a serious violation of fundamental human rights. We renew our commitment to strengthening comprehensive region-wide cooperation among SAARC Member States to combat and eliminate all forms and manifestations of terrorism and in this context affirm the need to reinforce further the regional legal regime and instituting pragmatic cooperation to address this issue effectively. We also recognise that our cooperation shall proceed on the basis of sovereign equality, mutual respect and the principles of non-intervention and non-interference in the internal affairs of Member States consistent with the SAARC Charter. As we meet in Colombo, at the Thirty-first Session of the Council of Ministers, we solemnly declare and agree to undertake the following measures of cooperation: 1. We reiterate our commitment to implement measures against organising, instigating, facilitating, financing, fund raising, encouraging, tolerating and providing training for or otherwise...
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...Principles of Argument Paper Eng/215 February 27, 2013 Dr. Tracy Boothe Alicia Black Jim Wallis is a veteran of the civil rights and antiwar movements of the 1960s. He created the publication of Sojourners magazine, which published articles, that encouraged peace, justice and overcoming poverty. Wallis created an organization called: Call to Renewal, with the assistance of affiliated churches and religious organizations that worked directly with poor people. Jim Wallis is a credible source and a great person to write about the devastation and hard truth of what Hurricane Katrina revealed. In this, article the author Jim Wallis wrote about how Hurricane Katrina destroyed cities, lives, homes, and the confidence of millions in the government. Hurricane Katrina exposed the true living conditions of Americans who deal with the difficulties of survival daily. The pictures and media coverage of New Orleans grabbed the attention of many Americans. It gave Americans a clear picture of who was suffering the most. It revealed who all was left behind, because they did not have the resources to evacuate. The men, women, and children left behind were poor and black. They did not own vehicles nor did they have extra cash to assist with the evacuation process. For the first time in years, the media was reporting on poverty. They disclosed to Americans that New Orleans had an overall poverty rate of 28%. eight four percent of them being African American, and a child’s poverty rate of 50 pThe...
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...Research Paper Sources Poverty in Sierra Leone Cassandra Jones Professor Tiffani Davis Sociology 300 September 1, 2012 Sierra Leone Sierra Leone is located on the West Coast of Africa near Guinea, Liberia, Guinea-Bissau and Gambia. Sierra Leone was founded in 1462, by a Portuguese explorer Pedro da Cintra sailing the West African coast. While there Pedo observed the mountains and thunderstorm that sounded like a lion’s roam in the distance. He therefore name Sierra Leone in his native language Sierra Leoa. The name was later changed in 1787 while under British rule Sierra Leone by English Jack Tars. The country is comprised over six million people of different ethnic backgrounds and religions that primarily speak English which is the official language. Many tribal languages are also used and in Freetown which is the capital of Sierra Leone, Krio is the second language spoken. It is a form of pigeon English encompassing tribal words. Sierra Leone also known as the Republic of Sierra Leone maintains a constitutional democracy which is composed of a President Ernest Bai KOROMA and legislative, judicial and executive branch. A constitutional democracy is a system of government based on popular sovereignty in which the structures, powers, and limits of government are set forth in a constitution. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/constitutional+democracy. Sierra Leon is also one of the poorest countries in the world with the shortest life expectancy. To understand...
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...For fourteen years I have worked with elementary students affected by poverty, homelessness, immigration, foster care, racism, abuse, physical and mental disabilities, and a variety of diagnosis, including PTSD. I meet with parents unfamiliar with American culture (even if their children are familiar), parents with felonies and addictions, illiterate parents and too often parents who are very young, my youngest mom being 18 when her four year old started school. Generational and immigrational poverty and its lack of resources necessitate my language instruction to be direct. Explicit instruction in the area of emotional language-how they feel and why, is essential for struggling students to manage relationships. Conflict negotiation and resolution...
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...This paper depicts the adverse effect of diamonds on the people of Africa. It also addresses the real price of diamonds which it believes to be the lives of millions of Africans. Additionally, it examines the response from the United Nations and question if enough is being done to crack done on the sale of blood diamonds. The famous phrase “Diamonds are Forever” is known to most people all over the world. What most people do not know is where most of these diamonds are coming from and how they came to become perfect gestures of love and romance. Looking at a clear cut diamond ring, it is hard to imagine the possibility of thousands of innocent people being murdered, tortured, and forced to mine for these stones; unfortunately that is the case in Africa. Diamonds in West Africa have been used for the last 30 years to fund rebel groups and their desire to take control of their nations by violence and intimidation. In such conflicted regions of the world, diamonds lose their connotation of beauty and elegance and are stained with blood. In this paper, I will discuss the many ways in which “conflict diamond” has brought nothing but poverty, suffering and war to the West African people. I will further explain what world organizations such as the United Nation have done in order to counteract the adverse effects of the conflict diamond on the African community, and the extent to which such efforts have been successful. Conflict diamonds are diamonds illegally traded...
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...are many different genocides that have gone on throughout the course of history, all of which could have been prevented. One of these is a 21st century genocide going on in the Sudanese region to this day. This paper will describe the genocide in Darfur, compare it to the Holocaust and discuss not only how it can be ended but how future genocides can be prevented. 6 million citizens reside in Darfur is a region in western Sudan that was created in 1956 (“Darfur Genocide”). There has been distrust between...
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...Narratives of Land: The Current State of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines ALMOST twenty-six years of implementation, still counting and with completion nowhere near in sight. This amount of time that the Philippine government has taken to implement and complete the key provisions of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) law translates to a whole generation of Filipinos, including children of farmers, who have been born at the time of the law’s passage, have grown up through the years of tentative and unfinished implementation, and reaching adulthood amid current intensified clamor for government to complete its task. CARP is now the longest running program being implemented under a democratic political system, post-EDSA 1986. It has been widely seen as the litmus test of past and present administrations’ commitment to social justice, as mandated by the 1987 Philippine Constitution. CARPER or Republic Act 9700, signed 7 August 2009, gave the original Republic Act 6657 or CARP five more years to be completed. In 1998, CARP’s land acquisition and distribution component had been given its first 10-year extension and additional funding of PhP 50 billion through Republic Act 8532. One of the main goals during the extension period should be the completion of land distribution by June 30, 2014. The program should get PhP 150 billion for five years or PhP 30 billion per year for land acquisition and distribution and agrarian justice delivery (a total of 60 percent...
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...Reflection Paper Ashlee Gipson University of Phoenix CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY: I certify that the attached paper, which was produced for the class identified above, is my original work and has not previously been submitted by me or by anyone else for any class. I further declare that I have cited all sources from which I used language, ideas and information, whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, and that any and all assistance of any kind, which I received while producing this paper, has been acknowledged in the References section. This paper includes no trademarked material, logos, or images from the Internet, which I do not have written permission to include. I further agree that my name typed on the line below is intended to have, and shall have the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student's signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): _Ashlee Gipson __________________________ ___ Throughout life there are many challenges that the world is going to see and face. Everyone is walking a different path and experiencing different types of lifestyles. The challenges that are thrown the way of individuals that are out of their control can cause a great deal of grief and hardship. Generational poverty is an ongoing issue. It is also noticed that lack of employment is striking our nation. Women in particular are facing challenges that are hard to overcome and to break the stigma of. The more knowledge the masses have of these particular issues...
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...Advocacy Nellie Ortiz BSHS 441 October 24, 2012 Sandra Elizondo Advocacy This paper is to take in hand the issues of advocacy in the human services field. It will observe a specific population of clientele with particular needs; the population specifically is the homeless people. Homeless people need assistance with food, clothing, shelter, job training, and transportation needs, specially homeless people are in need of someone to speak for them, or to lead them to the correct path way. Homeless People & Problems Today there are between one thousand four hundred homeless in the El Paso TX, imagine what the population is in the whole entire United States. It is said that: "The most proximate cause of homelessness in America is poverty" (University of Richmond, 2003), not only poverty but employment better yet to blame the economy. The definition of being homeless means that a person does not have a permanent place to live or stay. No only being homeless is a problem also being poor in nutrition, unemployment, illnesses, drug addictions, and violence. Homelessness is growing tremendously each year and studies have showed that new programs and aid must be given to homeless people; to find a way to maintain it and or to preventing it from growing. Meeting those challenges how to help a homeless person. Being an advocate myself, working with the State, Health and Human Services Commission, I have directed homeless people on how they can be eligible to...
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...Position Paper for the Second Committee of the General Assembly Plenary The issue before the Second Committee of the General Assembly Plenary 2014 is: Increasing and coordinating efforts to fight international tax evasion. The World Bank is fully committed to the fight against international tax evasion as the profit made from either corporate or income tax can be used to support the affected countries in various ways, such as improved commitment to the UN or the World Bank committee. The WB is deeply concerned about tax evasion and its consequences concerning the world and its economy. By making use of non-standard tax havens or offshore banking accounts, companies and individuals exploit their country and therefore damage the country’s liability and economy. As that unjust advantage deceives the affected country, it is a major threat not only to that, but also to the world’s economy. The World is of the mind that, even if only a minority, not paying your tax imposes an unfair burden on the honest majority and prevents money from reaching the crucial public services that need it. One must stop people cheating the tax system and collect more of what is owed. The British tax gap in the 2010 to 2011 financial year was estimated to be £9 billion formed of tax evasion and avoidance. Losses caused by corruption and tax evasion are powerful examples of how criminal activities can potentially have tremendous negative effects on economic development. Also, ill-gotten money is not spent...
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...disabilities". Prior to the 1960s, millions of children with disabilities received inadequate or inappropriate special education services from the public schools and another 1 million children were excluded from school altogether. Disabilities such as autism, poverty, and racism are just a few of the “disabilities” that have blocked the pathways of over a million people thought out the US. My goal for this paper is to thoroughly examine the three main factors that I personally believe have the most traumatic and continuous effect on society that will ultimately repeat itself and create a pattern of issues that society will be forced to resolve in the future. It is my desire and personal goal to acknowledge each issue that many children face, label and prove it to be a awful disability, an find a realistic resolution to each issue addressed as a disability. According to the National Center for Children in Poverty, in the United States, 21 percent of children live in families with incomes below the federal poverty line. Although many of these families have working parents, low wages and unstable employment make it difficult to provide the necessary resources for proper childhood development. Not only does research indicate that poverty is a threat to a child's well-being, but it also affects his ability to learn. Regular attendance at school is important for educational success. Absenteeism has a negative affect on academic achievement in reading, math, and general knowledge. The NCCP...
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...Women, Development, and the UN From a contemporary vantage point, it seems extraordinary that there were just four women among the 160 signatories to the UN Charter at San Francisco in 1945. Two other women were present at the world body’s founding conference but were not signatories. However, this handful of women established a sound foundation for the UN by making sure that women’s issues were included. As Devaki Jain explains in her UNIHP volume, Women, Development, and the UN: A Sixty-Year Quest for Equality and Justice, “the simple act of inserting the word ‘women’ in the text made sure that the principle of equality between the sexes was part of the founding ideas of the organization” (2005, 12). Subsequently, the UN’s ideas, language, and activities have fundamentally altered the situation of women in country after country, especially through its promotion of human rights and the mobilizing influence of the four global women’s conferences held in Mexico, Copenhagen, Nairobi, and Beijing between 1975 and 1995. These raised awareness, spread ideas, built confidence, and created alliances that changed gender politics and policy worldwide. In turn, the conferences—and the women participating in them—also changed the structure and attitudes of the UN, providing the mandates for CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women), UNIFEM (the UN Development Fund for Women), and INSTRAW (the UN International Research and Training Institute for the...
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