...purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze power structures, leadership, systems, organizational culture, and ethics issues that contributed to D-Q University’s leadership failures. With the goal of re-establishing a more viable tribal college, the group will also identify leadership intervention approaches that will address these issues which are both highly interactive and, because of their magnitude, gravely complex. Power Structures Power Structures In Indian Universities The power structures of American Universities vary greatly depending on the type of students they serve, the schools’ history and the culture of the community they assist. Some colleges have large boards of trustees while others have no recognizable power structure. Whatever the power structures, there has to be some semblance of fiscal responsibility, ethics, curriculum planning and oversight that will enhance the institutions’ longevity. The role of the Board of Trustees The primary role of the leadership structure in all universities is to provide the best educational program possible for the students. University trustees make all final decisions regarding school district priorities, personnel, textbooks, expenditures and growth management. Trustees adopt a budget that is necessary to maintain and operate the schools, levy taxes to support the budget and submit issues to the local government to finance projects deemed beneficial to the schools’ prosperity. (Hindery, 2006) Since 2005, D-Q...
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...Old School Plays by the School Rules The school genre is a time honored classic that many notable books fall under. Just as in an actual school establishment there are a set of rules and nuances that a book must follow to be considered of the genre. Old School at first glance would not be considered typical of the school story but under further inspection its clear that it follows the same rules as any other in the genre. The three points that are considered the make or break of a school genre are as follows. There is an outsider character that does not play by the rules set by the school. There is an established authority structure and an unwritten code among students. The last point is there must be a conflict between said outsider and power structure, ending in either the school being changed by the outsider permanently or the school re-asserting its control, either way a balance of power is again found. Old School's outsider is the main character and unnamed narrator. The schools authority is strict and it has unannounced animosity towards Jewish people. The conflict between Outsider and the schools authority structure comes when the narrator believes he can cheat his way into winning a contest and plagiarizes, breaking one the the schools rules and defying the code of honor that the students follow when in contest with each other. The narrator in Old School is not the traditional outsider character, it is not his pears or the staff that labels him as such. It is himself...
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...SANRIZZ Organisational Power and Politics Power is the capacity to influence the behaviour of others Politics is when power is exercised First Dimension of Power (Defeat Resistance)The source of power is having control over scarce resources People controlling the resources can have power over others dependent on them Requires resources to be gathered This form of power is relational and the conflict is obvious Outcome of power: Enforce or encourage new behavioursLimits to power: Behaviour may revert to previous behaviour without continually using resources to encourage a certain type of behaviour Bases of power: Coercive power – injuring someone physically or psychologically Authority power – compliment, promotion, bonus Authority power – form all position in the hierarchyExpert power – have specialised knowledge that is valued Information power – have information that others do not haveReferent power – establishing a personal rapport with another person Affiliation power – connected with powerful peopleGroup support – have the support of many peopleBudgets & equipment – you can allocate budgets | Tony uses First Dimension on Power against Ozzie and Ricci when they are in meetings. Tony has Authoritive power. This arises from the fact that he is in charge of most of the “managerial/strategic issues associated with the position” and also because he is the eldest brother. When the brothers argue about where to open the next branch, “Ricci, I am not interested in...
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...understanding of self in relation to others. The schools and the teachers play a very important role in a child's formative years The child starts to understand her/his identity beyond the family, role that each one in the society assumes, through friends, teachers in school and most importantly books that they read in class room. A child's understanding of gender specific role gets almost fixed when schooling starts and get re-enforced every day by the behaviors towards them by the teachers, staff, member of the school. They start being actor of the patriarchal system and carry it along much after they have left school. School's ideological stance shapes up the stances of the children. The way children would look at gender relation and role, caste, class, history, etc are depended on how the schools look at these issues. The teachers at the school despite of being a separate identity outside school carry the same ideology of the school within the schools premises. So if a teacher is very caste biased then the children tent to see caste very differently, if a certain teacher has strong and traditional notion towards girls then the students' starts learning them and inculcating them in their life. But what is important is to see what influences the teachers to be what she / he are within the school when she/he might be a totally different person outside the school. The teacher is the figure of authority within the classroom. They have the power to create and control the environment in...
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...Issues Inappropriate use of coercive power: Paul Kost exercised coercive power which is the ability to punish if employees failed to conform or prevent someone from obtaining desirable rewards. This source of power could make things difficult for employees due to the implied force or disciplinary action that relates to threats and punishments and so employees working under such a coercive director are unlikely to be committed that leads to low productivity. Furthermore, punishment strategy could result in undesirable side effects such as anxiety, resentment, reducing employees’ loyalty and work performance in the workplace. To add on, the distinct outcome that might result from the use of coercive power is that it often generates resistance when use excessively. This indicates that resistant employees do not wish to comply with the request such it might lead workers to deliberately avoid carrying out instructions or might even sabotage goal attainment. Thus, the issue of depending too much on such coercive power could cause a ruthless and impoverished style of leadership as well as the coercive behaviour could violate the concept of empowerment that lead to hostility, aggression and high absenteeism on the part of subordinates. Inappropriate Organizational structure Fairisle Polytechnic has an inappropriate organizational structure and so there was a lack of proper formal arrangement of jobs within the institution which is important in running the campus effectively and...
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...ABACUS INSTITUTE OF STUDIES ABACUS INSTITUTE OF STUDIES ------------------------------------------------- DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS AND ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT LEVEL 7 DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF THEORY IN RELATION TO MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS SUBMITION - TO: RAGINI LAWRENCE BY: NUSHRAT JAHAN ------------------------------------------------- DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS AND ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT LEVEL 7 DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF THEORY IN RELATION TO MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS SUBMITION - TO: RAGINI LAWRENCE BY: NUSHRAT JAHAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction p – 3 Schools of thought in Management p – 3 Organizational Structure p – 7 Sources of Power p – 8 Delegation, Participation & Decision Making p – 9 Vertical & Horizontal Coordination p -10 Motivation p – 11 Major Content Theory p – 11 Major Process Theory p – 12 Managerial Approaches p – 14 Managerial Style p – 15 Job Design p – 15 Social Influences p – 16 Leadership p – 16 Leadership...
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...relationships are very important for a democratic society to function. Elected officials on each level have to communicate for effective legislation to be passed. Each level of government is distinct, independent, and interrelated. The levels are separate and have an up flow of power starting with local government and ending with the federal government. The effect of intergovernmental relations has fueled cooperative policy making among divided government systems. This paper will identify what shapes the structure of intergovernmental relation, their structure and importance, and the relationship between elected officials on each level. In the United States the Constitution shapes the structure of intergovernmental relationships. In other governments the society, constitutional regime and the governmental institutions shape their intergovernmental relations (Cameron, "The Structures of Intergovernmental Relations"). The population and demographics of a country also effect the shaping of intergovernmental relations. A country...
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...and waiters. You get the idea. Now the main issue with social stratification in Australia is that it is often overlooked. We live in a “meritocratic” society where the idea of social advancement is determined by ability, talent and hard work rather than a right of birth. However ‘Statistically speaking the best advice we can give a poor child to get ahead through education is to choose richer parents’ (Connell 1993p 22). Australians intrinsically consider their home as the land of the ‘fair go’ however it is this discourse that reject and hide the underlying class structures and fail to realise that social privilege is often maintained and it is not an even playing field. For the purpose of this presentation we take the Weber ideology that Social Stratification is not entirely determined by wealth, as class levels are formed through the interaction of status (honour prestige and religion) and political power (affiliations and networks) as well. Weber elaborated on this to develop the concept of “life chances” – Simply the opportunities an individual is given for achieving economic prosperity. This becomes significant to education in that his ideas force us to think about how an individual’s life chances influence their educational experience and levels of educational success. Although that is not to say that class is completely determining, even though it plays a significant role in the lives of...
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...Powers of Panopticisim An approximated 30 million surveillance cameras are used throughout the United States today shooting close to 4 billion hours of footage a week (Vlahos). While shopping in a department store glance above the merchandise to the ceiling where there will most likely be a surveillance camera, cameras are installed to spy on the public and employees. This sort of surveillance system is set up almost everywhere. Encouraging the public to act appropriately to the set of rules society has set up for us. Most people will chose to act in the right manor knowing the surveillance system is there, but others will decide to go along with their bad decisions. With this kind of security system it makes the job of an investigator easier when we have the action on video. Therefore, sending a higher power signal. We are being watched no matter where we are, in hopes that actions we might be doing will come to a halt. Michel Foucault seeks through his work, “Panopticisim”, to analyze how contemporary society is differently structured from the society that preceded us and to explain the experiments executed on the human mind through panoptic powers. The structure of Panopticon can be applied in any formal setting as a form of discipline and power. Do we comply with these rules to be accepted within society? Some would say that sounds reasonable, a set of universally set rules for everyone to follow in order for society to run in a better manor. After all, one must find their...
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...While we may feel that Japanese cultural and lifestyle seems strange, they likewise look at Americans as being different. It is important to realize that Japanese and American culture is swayed by the society of people. Americans belong to a number of subcultures due to immigration, while Japanese society has less immigration and is not as diverse when it comes to subcultures. Since there are so many cultural differences between Japan and the U.S., we cannot discuss its entirety but review a few differences as it relates to the family, greeting, business, and government. First, the family structure is much different. In the Japanese culture, the man is the head and the wife services all of his needs first. While in American culture, the husband and wife are equal partners and share in responsibilities. The family structure in Japan is defined by tradition while the American family structure is free and family roles are chosen according to likes and dislikes of the family member. Japanese traditionally feel that a married woman’s place, especially older women, should be at home taking care of her husband and children. However, Americans feel that a woman can do both home and career and she is free to chose, especially since both partners are equal and share in responsibilities. Japanese are also known to take care of extended family and aging parents more so than Americans. They are less likely to place aging parents in Nursing homes. The role of a Japanese mother is to raise...
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...I S S U E S A N D IN N O V A T I O N S IN N U R S I N G E D U C A T I O N Nurse educators’ workplace empowerment, burnout, and job satisfaction: testing Kanter’s theory Teresa P. Sarmiento MScN RN College Nurse Educator, George Brown College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Heather K. Spence Laschinger Canada PhD RN Professor and Associate Director Nursing Research, School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Carroll Iwasiw EdD RN Professor and Director School of Nursing, School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Submitted for publication 22 May 2003 Accepted for publication 21 October 2003 Correspondence: Heather Spence Laschinger, School of Nursing, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada. E-mail: hkl@uwo.ca SARMIENTO T.P., LASCHINGER H.K.S. & IWASIW C. (2004) Journal of Advanced Nursing 46(2), 134–143 Nurse educators’ workplace empowerment, burnout, and job satisfaction: testing Kanter’s theory Background. Empowerment has become an increasingly important factor in determining college nurse educator burnout, work satisfaction and performance in current restructured college nursing programmes in Canada. Aim. This paper reports a study to test a theoretical model specifying relationships among structural empowerment, burnout and work satisfaction. Method. A descriptive correlational survey design was used to test the model in a sample of 89 Canadian full-time...
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...Stoelhorst, J.W. (2008), Thinking about Strategy Stoelhorst: 5 Schools of thought about strategy • Prescriptive schools: ○ 1960s: Design school (strategy formulation) ○ 1970s: Planning school (strategy formulation) ○ 1980s: Positioning school (strategic analysis) ○ 1990s: Resource-based school (strategic analysis) • Descriptive school: ○ 1980s onwards: Process school Design school: Strategy formulation is a process of conception The CEO formulates a clear, simple, and unique strategy (business policy) through a deliberate process of conscious thought. There should be a fit between a firm’s strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis). Strategy formulation and implementation are clearly separate activities. Planning school: Strategy formulation is a formal process Strategy formulation takes the form of an elaborate and formal process. The CEO is responsible, but the process is supported by strategic planning staff. The end result is a hierarchy of detailed strategies, action programs, objectives, and budgets at the corporate, business unit, and functional level. Positioning school:...
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... Contents Contents Contents 1 Introduction 2 Findings 3 Sources of Information 5 Introduction Within this report it will be explained what factors have affected the structure of tarmac and how, how tarmac takes account of its functional areas, the advantages and disadvantages that their structure has upon the activities of tarmac, tarmac's interaction with its environment and hoe they are able to meet their goals, internal and external stakeholders and the influence that they can have on the formal and informal organization in terms of power, authority and responsibility. Findings Q.1. Tarmac have 5 very clear goals and like to make sure that they are clearly defined and easily remembered, they do this by using a mnemonic 'Dream', this stands for Develop markets, Reduce costs, Engage employees, Act responsibly and Manage assets. They work toward meeting these goals by focusing on each goal differently, they work towards developing the markets by working closely with their key customers to ensure that they can do this right they split up the organization into three businesses, this will allow them to develop each area separately with the right people with the right skills in each area which will help them towards achieving their goals. Q.2. Tarmac has chosen a matrix structure with the focus being on functional areas and customers, this allows them to focus on their customers properly and give them the attention that they need in the right areas. The size...
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...Lecture 1 Ten school´s one word definitions Design: Spider Plan: squirrel Position: position How should I approach (positioning school) Vision: wolf, I have a vision Perception: Owl, Patterns: Monkey, Agenda: Lion, Belief: Peacock, Response: Ostrich, Stage: Chameleon, Timeline of the ten schools Planning and design school came in the 70-80´s. Then Porter came with the positioning school in the 90´s. Why ten schools? Organizations vary and change greatly, so we need more than 1 school. The five p´s of strategy Plan: Forward looking. Can be dangerous if it is strictly planned and something unforeseen happens. Patterns: Backwards looking Positions and perspective. Locating a particular product in a particular market: Strategy of positioning a product. Example: Introduce breakfast at McDonalds to use restaurant in the morning. The new position is consistent with existing perspective. The strategy of absent strategy Deliberately using absent strategy promotes flexibility, experimentation and innovation. Management control. Chapter 1 in the book. Management control is the systematic process by which the organization’s higher-level managers influence the organization’s lower- level managers to implement the organization’s strategies. Decentralization is the single most important reason for organizations to need management control systems. So, Management Control is about decentralized organizations. Need for control Decentralized...
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... | 1. Introduction Common criteria of undergraduate essay writing focus on the following requirements: students need to be analytical and critical in their response students need to structure their writing logically students need to be persuasive writers | students need to answer the question | This booklet looks at, how to analyse your essay question. Other Learning Centre booklets in this series deal with the other aspects: • Analytical Writing deals with the difference between analytical and descriptive writing • Planning and Structuring an Essay deals with logical structures • Developing and Supporting an Argument deals with persuasion Expectations of student assignments One of the difficulties experienced by students, particularly in first year, is understanding what standard is expected in essays at tertiary level. As well as this, each subject discipline has its own ways of doing things and its own conventions about essay structure and writing style. For instance, in some subjects it is acceptable to write very personally and put forward your own opinions and feelings on a topic and in others such a personal response would not be appropriate. You need to find out the expectations and conventions of your subjects so that you can write...
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