...Effects of Precocious Puberty on Development Effects of Precocious Puberty on Development One of the process that typically begins in late childhood, before the onset of adolescence is puberty. Puberty is characterized by the appearance of secondary sex characteristics; growth in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and gonadal glands; a significant increase in growth; secretion of testosterone in boys; and also the capacity of fertility. Puberty often begins between 10-13 years of age depending on gender. However, there are cases in which a variety of factors may cause an individual to begin puberty before the age of eight years in boys, or the onset of menarche in girls before the age of nine (Cesario & Hughes, 2007). Early maturation and onset of puberty can cause many psychological and developmental complications for children at such a young age. For example, a girl who may physically mature early may have to deal with schoolmates teasing her for breast development and other secondary sex characteristics. The early onset of puberty does not have a single cause. It can be caused by a variety of factors, or even a combination of multiple factors. One of the factors that may be involved is a genetic mutation in a Lutropin Hormone receptor gene. The mutation in the LH receptor gene results in continuous production of testosterone, which causes early onset of the secondary sex characteristics to begin in young males...
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...sexual functions. Generally the endocrine systems is in control of the slower body processes, for example cell growth. Where as the Nervous system controls the faster processes like breathing or body movement. However both the CNS and the Endocrine systems work together in harmony to keep the body alive (Kidshealth.org, 2014). Pituitary Gland This gland is often referred to as the "master gland." It greatly influences other organs in the body, and its function is vital to the overall well-being of a person. The pituitary gland produces several hormones. In fact, the front part of it, commonly called the anterior pituitary, produces the following types of hormones (Hormone.org, 2014): -Growth hormone: This hormone promotes growth in childhood. For adults, it helps to maintain healthy muscle and bone mass (Hormone.org, 2014). -Prolactin: In women, it stimulates milk production. In males, low levels are linked to sexual problems; however, most males make no use of the hormone (Hormone.org, 2014). -Adrenocorticotropic: This hormone promotes the production of cortisol, which helps to reduce stress, maintain healthy blood pressure and more (Hormone.org, 2014). -Thyroid-Stimulating hormone: stimulating hormone: Just as the name implies, this hormone helps to regulate the body's thyroid, which is crucial in maintaining a healthy metabolism (Hormone.org, 2014). -Luteinizing hormone: In women, this hormone regulates estrogen. In men, it regulates testosterone (Hormone.org, 2014)....
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...transitional stage of physical and psychological human development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood (age of majority). The period of adolescence is most closely associated with the teenage years, although its physical, psychological and cultural expressions can begin earlier and end later. For example, although puberty has been historically associated with the onset of adolescent development, it now typically begins prior to the teenage years and there has been a normative shift of it occurring in preadolescence,(generally ends with the beginning of puberty, but may also be defined as ending with the start of the teenage years) particularly in females (see early and precocious puberty). Physical growth, as distinct from puberty (particularly in males), and cognitive development generally seen in adolescence, can also extend into the early twenties.. Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction to enable fertilization. It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads; the ovaries in a girl, the testes in a boy. In response to the signals, the gonads produce hormones that stimulate libido and the growth, function, and transformation of the brain, bones, muscle, blood, skin, hair, breasts, and sexual organs. Physical growth—height and weight—accelerates in the first half of puberty and is completed when the child has developed an adult body. Until the maturation of their...
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...Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Definition Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder of the adrenal glands which involves a deficiency of an enzyme involved in the synthesis of cortisol, aldosterone, or both. Frequency About 1 in 10,000 to 18,000 children are born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Review of Related Anatomy and Physiology The adrenal glands are two bean-shaped glands curved over the top of the kidneys. It has a glandular (cortex) and neural tissue (medulla) parts. The central medulla region is enclosed by the adrenal cortex, which contains three separate layers. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing three major groups of steroid hormones known as the corticosteroids. The hormones are the following: 1. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) – important in regulating the mineral or salt content in the blood, particularly the sodium and the potassium ions. The target organ of this hormone is the kidney tubules which is the one responsible for reabsorbing the minerals selectively or allowing them to be excreted out from the body. Increase aldosterone results to increase sodium retention by the kidney tubules and excretion of the potassium. When sodium increases the water also increases or follows. Thus, mineralocorticoids help in the regulation of water and electrolyte levels (equilibrium) in the body. 2. Glucocorticoids (cortisone and cortisol) – promotes the normal cell metabolism which helps the body to counteract the stressors...
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...19th June, 2012 Final Research Essay Is the Popular Korean Animation Character Pororo Really an Educational Friend? In South Korea, there is an ongoing Pororo boom among children. ‘Porong Porong Pororo’ is an original Korean animation series that is about the adventures of Pororo and his friends in the North Pole (Appendix 1). People call this penguin character as ‘Potongreung’ which means ‘President Pororo’ in Korean, as it is like the president among children. As this nickname represents, kids love this animation so much but this popularity is a huge problem because it has gotten to the point where no one questions its educational values. Currently as of June 19th, not a single article was found exposing about the negative aspects of Pororo. Mothers turn on Pororo for their kids, in the hope that it will have educational benefits. However, contrary to many mothers’ belief, Pororo can have some negative effects on children’s education in terms of intellectual, physical/social, and emotional development. First of all, Pororo can have a negative effect on a child’s intellectual development. Watching TV affects children’s brain activity to become passive towards learning. Studies show that watching TV reduces alpha waves, which is associated with relaxed meditative states. This creates “mind fog” state which means people feel it’s harder to concentrate and stay focused, like daydreaming (Carmichael). Thus if children watch the Pororo animation for a long time, their mind will be...
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...children Introduction Childhood is a special time in human life. It is a period of learning and exploration. Children would want to learn, discover and explore things about themselves and other people as they grow up. Like other body parts, children’s sexual parts develop over time as they grow. There is a normal way by which this sexual development happens. The normal development is generally natural in nature. This development is usually associated with certain behaviors that also change as the child grows. The normal sexual development and behavior is a healthy process in a child’s life and is principally driven by the child’s curiosity. However, some behaviors can appear to dominate a child’s life and may become worrisome to the parents. It is therefore important for parents, teachers, guardians and even the whole society to be able to demarcate what can be considered a normal sexual behavior and behaviors that can put a child’s life at risk. According to Rich, normal sexual behavior is usually more exploratory and playful in nature, non hostile, and shows no preoccupation with sexual interaction (Rich, n.d). It is somehow natural. The behavior is experienced within the same age groups, children of same size, and in most cases the children will be friends. On the other hand, inappropriate sexual behaviors in children are characterized by being forceful, induced, causing guilt and harmful. In this era where childhood sexual abuse and victimization is rampant...
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...Diarrhea / ORT DEFINITION | SIGNS/SYMPTOMS | Most commonly due to acute infectious diarrhea (gastroenteritis) from a variety of causative organismsAntibiotics are a common cause of acute diarrhea! | Acute inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines caused by viruses, bacteria or their toxins or parasitesPresents commonly with diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.CommunicabilityOften fecal-oral route (especially viruses)Food poisoning (especially bacteria)Day care centers, crowded living conditions, poor sanitation and cleanliness | DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | MAIN TREATMENT | Stool gram stain and culture (if bloody stools)Stool for Ova & Parasites (if hx suggestive)CBC – assess for anemia/infectionUrinalysis and urine culture (r/o UTI)Electrolytes | Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is one of the major worldwide health advances of the last decade:Safer, less painful, and less costly than IV rehydrationOral rehydration solution enhances and promotes reabsorption of H2O and NaReduces vomiting, diarrhea, and duration of illnessORT GuidelinesDiarrhea w/o dehydrationMild dehydrationMod dehydrationSevere dehydrationReplacing ongoing losses | MAJOR TEACHING POINTS | NURSING CONSIDERATIONS | Teach parents at well childcare visits in first yearKeep 24 hour supply of ORT in homeBegin with first sign of diarrheaReplace with ½ cup ORT for each diarrheal stoolSeek medical attention prn signs or dehydrationAfter re-hydration resume breast/formula feeding or normal diet...
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...The role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Diagnoses of Pituitary Gland Name: Institution: The role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Diagnoses of Pituitary Gland The pituitary gland is an important part of the body because it controls several hormonal glands such as adrenals and the thyroid. The gland is a nearly the size of a pea and has two parts referred to as the lobes (Maya & Pressman, 2010). The front part is the anterior pituitary while the back part is the posterior pituitary. The pituitary gland is part of a bony hollow called the pituitary fossa behind the bridge of the nose and below the brain’s base near the optic nerves. Maya and Pressman (2010) add that the pituitary gland is the most important part of the system because it produces hormones controlling the functions of other endocrine glands. The most common problem occurring in the pituitary gland is the development of a benign growth or tumor. The tumor causes the gland to secrete excess hormone, blocks its production or causes it to malfunction. Other causes of pituitary disorders include traumatic brain injury and pituitary infarction. Although pituitary disorder are able to alter quality of a person’s life significantly, medical or surgical treatment is available where efficient diagnosis is made. The present study investigates the role of imaging modalities in the evaluation of pituitary gland disorders. Particular emphasis is laid on the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in...
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...Michael Jackson fact file: Michael Joseph Jackson was born August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009 was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor. Called the king of pop his contributions to music and dance, along with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. Michael Jackson has his own websites so his fans could check out his songs and updates also honour his music. Michael Jackson did his autobiography in a book and was published in February 1 in 1988. Five months after the release of Jackson’s 1987 Bad album, and named after Jackson’s signature dance move, the moonwalk. Michael Jackson was 58 when he died. Dubbed the "King of Pop," singer-songwriter Michael Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana. As a child, he performed as the lead singer of the Jackson family's popular Motown group, the Jackson 5. No single artist – indeed, no movement or force – has eclipsed what Michael Jackson accomplished in the first years of his adult solo career. Jackson changed the balance in the pop world in a way that nobody has since. He forced rock & roll and the mainstream press to acknowledge that the biggest pop star in the world could be young and black, and in doing so he broke down more barriers than anybody. But he is also among the best proofs in living memory of poet William Carlos Williams' famous verse: "The pure products of America/go crazy." When Jackson died on June 25th, 2009, of apparent cardiac arrest...
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...Week 2, Chapter 2 1. Why are males more likely to have a sex-linked trait than females? Answer Men have only one X chromosome which makes the poor schleps chances of x linked traits bigger than women, who have two X chromosomes. Having two X chromosomes means that the trait can be cancelled out by the opposing X. 2 Characteristics such as hair color and height are called Answer 2 answers * phenotypes. * chromosomes. * genotypes. * zygotes. 3 A genotype Answer 3 answers * is a rodlike structure in the cell nucleus that transmits genetic information. * reflects an individual's physical and behavioral characteristics, determined both by environmental and genetic factors. * refers to the genetic makeup of an individual. * is a directly observable characteristic. 4 The DNA of humans and chimpanzees is between __________ percent identical. Answer 4 answers * 75 and 80 * 20 and 25 * 50 and 55 * 98 and 99 5 A person whose 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY Answer 5 answers * has PKU. * is male. * has Down syndrome. * cannot be a fraternal twin. 6 A zygote that separates into two clusters of cells instead of just one produces ...
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...PART 1 THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT R esearching the process of human development across cultures provides us with an opportunity to improve the human condition as well as, hopefully, to acquire the knowledge needed to optimize life satisfaction. We therefore begin with an overview of how diverse social science and life science researchers (collectively known as developmentalists) approach the monumental task of studying humans over the course of the life span. Our discussion includes the goals of the scientific community, the recognized framework for studying the life span, what aspects of development warrant extensive examination, and what scientific methods are used to conduct research with humans. Chapter 2 discusses the main developmental theories over the past 100 years, when social scientists, biologists, and chemists focused on studying discrete aspects of human development. Earlier introspective methods about subconscious experience and contemporary measurable evidence about microscopic genetic codes, neurons, and hormones all contribute to our understanding of the human condition. Contemporary researchers are focusing on how to integrate scientific findings and theory from across cultures into a more meaningful whole about human development. CHAPTER 1 Introduction Critical Thinking Questions 1. Developmental change takes place in three fundamental domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional-social. Which domain has been most important for...
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...Personality Theorists Assignment | Personal Growth Lab | Submitted by :Neeraja Padman (11PGDMHR32) | ALFRED ADLER – INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY Although his writings revealed great insight into the depth and complexities of human personality, Adler evolved a basically simple and parsimonious theory. To Adler, people are born with weak, inferior bodies—a condition that leads to feelings of inferiority and a consequent dependence on other people. Therefore, a feeling of unity with others (social interest) is inherent in people and the ultimate standard for psychological health. More specifically, the main tenets of Adlerian theory can be stated in outline form. The following is adapted from a list that represents the final statement of individual psychology (Adler, 1964). Alfred Adler postulates a single "drive" or motivating force behind all our behavior and experience. By the time his theory had gelled into its most mature form, he called that motivating force the striving for perfection. It is the desire we all have to fulfill our potentials, to come closer and closer to our ideal. It is, as many of you will already see, very similar to the more popular idea of self-actualization. "Perfection" and "ideal" are troublesome words, though. On the one hand, they are very positive goals. Shouldn't we all be striving for the ideal? And yet, in psychology, they are often given a rather negative connotation. Perfection and ideals are, practically by definition, things...
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...英文荟萃网 http://www.ywhc.net 友情提供 The Lily of the Valley by Honore de Balzac Translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley DEDICATION To Monsieur J. B. Nacquart, Member of the Royal Academy of Medicine. Dear Doctor--Here is one of the most carefully hewn stones in the second course of the foundation of a literary edifice which I have slowly and laboriously constructed. I wish to inscribe your name upon it, as much to thank the man whose science once saved me as to honor the friend of my daily life. De Balzac. THE LILY OF THE VALLEY ENVOI Felix de Vandenesse to Madame la Comtesse Natalie de Manerville: whom we ignore their I yield to your wishes. It is the privilege of the women love more than they love us to make the men who love them the ordinary rules of common-sense. To smooth the frown upon brow, to soften the pout upon their lips, what obstacles we miraculously overcome! We shed our blood, we risk our future! exact the history of my past life; here it is. But remember in obeying you I crush under foot a reluctance Why are you jealous of the sudden reveries midst of our happiness? Why show the when silence grasps me? Could you of my character without inquiring You this, Natalie; hitherto unconquerable. which overtake me in the pretty anger of a petted woman not play upon the contradictions into the causes of them? Are there secrets in your heart which seek absolution through a knowledge of mine? Ah! Natalie,...
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...N E T A J I’ S LIFE and WRITINGS PART ONE AN INDIAN PILGRIM OR AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE WWW.HINDUSTANBOOKS. COM WWW.HINDUSTANBOOKS.COM PREFACE The NetaJi Publishing Society has great pleasure in presenting to the public the unfinished utobiography of`Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. Netaji wanted to give his autobiography, when completed, the title "An Indian Pilgrim". That is how his autobiography derives the name. "An Indian Pilgrim" takes the reader from Netaji’s parentage, birth and early childhood to his Cambridge days—and what days !—when a youngman of 24 had to make up his mind either to take a path, strewn with roses, which promised nothing but ease, luxury and official honour, or a path, strewn with thorns, inviting one to selfless suffering and sacrifice and promising nothing more than blood, sweat and tears. The result of the struggle is known to the world. But only handful have had the privilege to know the different phases of that struggle. Perhaps it was not in 1921 but a decade earlier that the battle within had been won and lost. Perhaps even earlier! That is a poser which we leave to the readers. But one thing is certain that the Rashtrapati and the Rebel President, the Desh Gaurab and the Netaji, the creator of the First Government of the Free India and the beloved leader of the Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians and Parsees, had been moulded between 1897 and 1921. This is the period covered by "An Indian Pilgrim"...
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...Growing Up Asian in Australia file:///D|/ /Calibre Library/Wei Zhi/Growing Up Asian in Australia (799)/text/part0000.html[2014-6-18 23:54:32] Growing Up Asian in Australia file:///D|/ /Calibre Library/Wei Zhi/Growing Up Asian in Australia (799)/text/part0000.html[2014-6-18 23:54:32] Growing Up Asian in Australia Growing up Asian in Australia file:///D|/ /Calibre Library/Wei Zhi/Growing Up Asian in Australia (799)/text/part0001.html[2014-6-18 23:54:33] Growing Up Asian in Australia Growing up Asian in Australia ...................................... Alice Pung Edited by file:///D|/ /Calibre Library/Wei Zhi/Growing Up Asian in Australia (799)/text/part0002.html[2014-6-18 23:54:33] Growing Up Asian in Australia Published by Black Inc., an imprint of Schwartz Media Pty Ltd Level 5, 289 Flinders Lane Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia email: enquiries@blackincbooks.com http://www.blackincbooks.com Introduction and this collection © Alice Pung & Black Inc. Individual works © retained by the authors. Reprinted 2008 . ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2008. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior consent of the publishers. Photo of Hoa Pham by Alister Air. Photo of Joy Hopwood by Yanna Black. The National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Pung, Alice (ed.) Growing up...
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