...Necrotizing Entercolitis Necrotizing entercolitis is a serious disease that affects premature infants. The disease involves an infection and inflammation that causes the bowels to be intentionally destroyed. The disease is more prevalent in developing countries such as Africa A recent research article in February 2010 focuses on data collections within developing countries such as Africa that is experiencing an high rate of necrotizing enter colitis. Through the uses of statistical data and analysis the article also provides information on the long-term prospect of the disease and whether or not it is lacking in developing countries. The article focuses on data which is collected by South Africa during the pre human immunodeficiency virus era. The focus of this paper is to provide information on the statistical procedure and the statistical significance of the study. Statistical Procedures The statistical procedures within this research article began with what is known as a cohort. A cohort is a group of subjects, which shares a particular experience during a specific time span. During this research article the focus is mainly within a specific cohort of premature infants born in South Africa between the years of 1992 and 1995. The study expresses the mean values and how the data ranges throughout the article. For example the mean within the article is known as the gestational age of the cohort, which is 32 weeks gestation. The range for gestational...
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...artificially which would mean that there will be a genetic relationship between the surrogate mother and the pregnancy. Sperm and egg donation as the name implies is a practice in which sperm and eggs or embryos have been donated by a third party to enable the infertile individual or couple to conceive. The donors are usually screened before they can donate and are usually compensated for the donation. All these are various types of fertility treatment and have become more commonly used around the world, but they still raise some ethical concerns which will be discussed further along. Ethical Dilemmas surrounding Surrogate Parenting A lot of ethical concerns have arisen and I think that these questions will always be asked. For the sake of this paper,...
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...Preventing Hypothermia in Preterm Infants Mary McDermott Grand Canyon University Introduction to Nursing Research March 15, 2013 Preventing Hypothermia in Preterm Infants Bredemeyer, S., Reid, S., & Wallace, M. (2005, February 15). Thermal management for premature births. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 482-489. http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org.libaccess.fdu.edu/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03616.x Abstract: This paper reports an audit of the effect on admission temperatures of using occlusive polyethylene wrap applied immediately after the birth of extremely premature infants. Use of occlusive polyethylene wrap during the early postnatal management of the premature infant reduces evaporative and convective heat loss. Retrospective pre-intervention (control) group infants were immediately dried with pre-warmed towels and resuscitated under radiant heat. Infants in the intervention group were managed under radiant heat, were not dried, but were immediately enclosed in an occlusive polyethylene wrap. The demographic characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Use of occlusive polyethylene wrap resulted in higher admission temperatures for infants less than 27 weeks gestation. There was no statistically significant improvement in admission temperatures for 27-29 week infants. The rate of hypothermia on admission was lower in the intervention group, but more infants recorded temperatures exceeding 37.2 degrees C during the first 12 hours. There were no other adverse...
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...Applying the Background and Methodology of the Research Process HCS/465 December 22, 2013 Jonathan Hoffsuemmer Applying the Background and Methodology of the Research Process A serious problem seen by nurse practitioners that work in rural areas is teen pregnancy. A peer-reviewed research paper published by The Journal for Nurse Practitioners entitled “Who Will Listen? Rural Teen Pregnancy Reflections.” There are both medical and social concerns that occur with teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy statistic shows that teen mothers give birth to premature babies with low birth weight. The social aspect is teen mothers do not complete high school and lives in poverty. These situations rank high in abuse and neglect with teen parents. Definition of the Problem Rural areas show the highest rate of teen pregnancy compared to state rates, which produces a problem that researchers are questioning why this rate is higher in the rural areas. The Theory of Adolescent Sexual Decision Making (TASDM) is the basis this research was conducted to resolve. This theory has two main objectives that include the risk-promoting environments teens experience and exposure to risky situation that create the situations teens use to justify sexual behavior (Weiss, 2012). The problem with teen pregnancy produces premature birth and low birth weight in the babies. A medical problem with teen pregnancy is the medical expenses incurred with both teenager and infant. These statistics...
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...Practice Nursing Implications Evidence Based Practice Nursing Implications Evidence based practice has been changing the direction of care and clinical research with regards safety, patient centered, and cost efficient care delivered to patients. The purpose of this paper will show the importance of Evidence Based Research by defining this form of research and the importance of using the research to improve on nursing practice. It will also show research examples of qualitative and quantitative studies and how it would improve patient outcomes and nursing practice within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Barriers will be discussed that prevent nursing from using and embracing the current research. Finally, the conclusions will summarize the main points of this paper. Importance of Evidence Based Research The importance of evidence based research is, and should, be the driving force on nursing practice to patients. It should go hand in hand with the critical thinking skills that nurses already have and use with regards to care. Evidence Based Research is important because it is an accumulation of information that forms clinical practice. Evidence based research incorporates the patient/family, cost, and safety of care to be delivered. It changes the care from; the way it was always done to the way research proves it should be done, which may still be the way it was always done. The difference is that the now the processes are backed by highly reviewed and researched...
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...Nowadays, people more and more care about their health, especially, the food that they eat every day. Not only do they care about the quantity of foods, but also they consider the quality of foods. People confirm the ingredient before they buy products and they usually choose artificial sweeteners over natural sugar. They think artificial sweeteners will not add extra calories to the body and help them to control their weight. However, many health experts doubt the safety of artificial sweeteners after doing research about it. They have discovered several dangerous elements in artificial sweeteners. This paper reports the types of common artificial sweeteners, the reason why they are harmful, their bad influences on the body, and why they are not helpful to control our weight. The first artificial sweetener, saccharin, was discovered in 1879 in America. In the beginning, artificial sweetener was only used by diabetics who couldn’t absorb too much natural sugar (de la Pena, 2010). Since 1980, people have started to use chemical sweeteners to control their weight and improve their health. Suddenly, artificial sweetener products became very popular in the United States (de la Pena, 2010). Millions of Americans use chemical sweeteners instead of natural sugar in order to enhance their health. However, it does not mean that chemical sweeteners are health foods. Actually, they are not. They are not like vitamins, whole grains, or proteins that can contribute to our health...
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...My Virtual Child Paper My virtual child covers physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development at several age levels. This gave me an opportunity to visualize "the whole child" at various points in development. I raised a virtual child from birth to 18 years of age. Each virtual child has a unique set of characteristics at birth, some of which were influenced by how I answered the assessment I completed when I first logged onto My Virtual Child. These characteristics gradually emerged and affected his behavior and development. My child was a boy so I decided to name him Wolfgang. Wolfgang was born about four weeks premature and underweight (four and a half pounds). To regulate his body temperature, he spent the first few days in neonatal care. After five days, his Apgar score had risen from a six to an eight, which allowed me to bring him home. I was somewhat nervous when I brought him home because Wolfgang was not very hungry and had lost weight. Eventually, he began to eat more and gained weight. My partner and I had decided to breastfeed. I liked breastfeeding because I began to feel a connection hormonally. During toddlerhood, Wolfgang’s language and motor skills developed rapidly. Eventually, he was able to imitate actions and words. He took an interest in his surroundings, causing him to experiment with and study objects. He also started using the word “me” a lot and wanted to perform tasks by himself. He was pretty sociable. He just needed to warm up a...
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...Pakistan, Problems and Prospects Abstract Pakistan is still in a situation that it does not have a well-established democracy. Since its existence in 1947, right after the freedom from British rule; the founder of the Pakistan Mohammad Ali Jinnah died. Because Jinnah’s death was too early that he did not have time for country to put on right path and there was no constitution when he died. Also Pakistan often existed under martial law. When Pakistan had an elected government, it failed to stay in office and country went under its first martial law. But despite these problems, Pakistan has potential to improve and become a Developed County because of its resources and Exports. Political System of The Pakistan The president of Pakistan, in keeping with the constitutional provision that the state religion is Islam, must be a Muslim. Elected for a five-year term by an Electoral College consisting of members of the Senate and National Assembly and members of the provincial assemblies, the president is eligible for re-election. But no individual may hold the office for more than two consecutive terms. The president may resign or be impeached and may be removed from office due to incapacity or gross misconduct by a two-thirds vote of the members of the parliament. The president generally acts on the advice of the prime minister but has important residual powers. Political Background Both democratic and military governments have ruled Pakistan. The first decade was marred...
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...The study took place at the Institute for Global Health Technologies in Rice University, Houston. The main purpose of the research is to investigate if chromatography paper can serve as a low-cost medium for accurate spectrophotometric detection of blood hemoglobin concentration (Rebecca et al 2013). Blood samples was obtained through the vein from the participants who gave informed consent. Seven different chromatography papers are used to test the qualitative appearance of uniform spreading of blood spotted on sodium deoxycholate-treated paper and the repeatability of spectrophotometric measurements of these blood samples with high and low hemoglobin concentrations. The results were used to calculate the hemoglobin concentration of samples in each validation set, and the calculated hemoglobin concentrations were compared to the concentrations obtained from HemoCue. HemoCue is known to be the best and accurate method used to detect blood hemoglobin concentration, but this method is expensive. The result of this study shows that blood spotted on paper were correlated with the hemoglobin concentration of the sample obtained with a HemoCue (Rebecca et al 2013). The study showed that chromatography papers can be used to replace HemoCue because it is cheaper and...
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...Health Economic Costs of Tobacco Smoking in Canada [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Health Economic Costs of Tobacco Smoking in Canada Introduction This paper is about the use of tobacco in Canada. The paper will also identify the economic and health costs of using tobacco in Canada. There will also be a discussion of tobacco smoking prevention. The paper will follow a proper pattern. There are several concerns about tobacco smoking in Canada. The government is very concern about this issue and working really hard to get rid of this dangerous habit. The Canadian population is addict to this unhealthy habit of tobacco smoking (Albert Health Services, 2012). Discussion Tobacco smoking is really injurious to health. The smoke of tobacco contains several dangerous chemical. These chemicals are injurious to both smokers and nonsmokers. There are more than 7,000 chemicals in the tobacco smoke. Al large amount of them, around 250 chemicals, are very harmful. These harmful chemicals include carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and ammonia. The habit of tobacco smoking is very dangerous for health. It affects almost every organ and part of the body. The ultimate impact of smoking is the diminishing of overall health (Propel, 2012). Health Consequences of Smoking There are millions of Canadian who smoking has caused lots of problems. It is also the primary cause of cancer. This cancer even leads to death. It cause causes to several parts...
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...Abortions Abortions are one of the many things that everyone has an opinion on. As defined by the 2012 Merriam-Webster dictionary, an Encyclopedia Britannica Company, an abortion is, “the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus as a spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation--miscarriage, the induced expulsion of a human fetus, or the expulsion of a fetus by a domestic animal often due to infection at any time before completion of pregnancy.” Abortions have always been and will probably always be a controversial topic in which everyone will not agree upon. In the midst of the controversy, two groups have emerged. These groups are referred to as pro-life and pro-choice. According to Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context, pro-life supporters claim that life begins at conception, therefore, abortion at any stage in the pregnancy is murder. They believe that life is valuable and the life of the unborn baby has the same rights as the mother. Pro-choice supporters, on the other hand, claim that it is the woman’s right to choose what she does with her body. These pro-abortionists claim that anti-abortionists are truly against the rights of women and free choice rather than the termination of the fetus. Pro-life and pro-choice advocates differ in many of their opinions, specifically, concerning when life begins, affects abortions have on...
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...Journal BSHS 342 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Hot Topic Paper Methods of Delivery BSHS 342 Week 3 DQ 1 BSHS 342 Week 3 DQ 2 BSHS 342 Week 3 Individual Assignment Rite of Passage Paper BSHS 342 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Observation Journal Age 10 – 17 BSHS 342 Week 4 DQ 1 BSHS 342 Week 4 DQ 2 BSHS 342 Week 4 Individual Changes in Adulthood Personal Perspectives or Paper BSHS 342 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Slowing the Biological Clock BSHS 342 Week 4 Observation Journal Age Adult Middle Adult BSHS 342 Week 5 DQ 1 BSHS 342 Week 5 DQ 2 BSHS 342 Week 5 Learning Team Assignment Research Paper on Issues Affecting the Aging BSHS 342 Week 5 Observation Journal Age Late Adulthood For More Homework Goto http://www.homeworkbasket.com BSHS 342 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment Hot Topic Paper Methods Of Delivery Click Below URL to Purchase Homework http://www.homeworkbasket.com/BSHS-342/BSHS-342-Week-2-Learning-Team-Assignment-Hot-Topic-Paper-Methods-of-Delivery Select a topic as a team for your Hot Topic paper and presentation. • Birth control and abortion • Methods of delivery • Infant day care • Breast feeding versus bottle feeding • Discipline of infants • Appropriate age for toilet training • Parental rights and roles Research, individually, the topic chosen by your team. Begin to write your paper. Synthesize your research and information to include all sides of the issue rather than...
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... and attachment. Even these I feel that I will not be able to cover completely, because there is only a certain part we see, and then there is the that is kept hidden from all. There are many factors that influence the development and social inequalities in a child’s life. These include biological, family and social factors, parenting factors, attachment, and the way non-maternal care is influenced. All of these are risk factors that are likely to have a bearing on the child’s social inequalities on their health. The biological factors include premature birth, low birth weight, and a serious medical illness. The significantly influence and infants growth. “Low birth weight, less than 2500 grams, has a prevalence of 6 percent in white middle-class U.S. women, and 15 percent in ethnic minority teenagers. These teenagers tend to be single mothers.” At the Infant Health and Development Project, they found that in a large amount of premature infants, that their IQ was less than 85 at three years of age. Race was the greatest factor in predicting outcome, that was followed by maternal education, and then medical complications. The infants of poorly educated African American mothers (90%) who had medical complications were severely compromised, while only nine percent of white infants with well-educated parents fell into this category,...
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...Four new studies offer powerful evidence of the dangers of smoking and the health benefits of quitting or not being exposed to secondhand smoke. Smoking in the UK– Between 1996 and 2001 the Million Women Study started following more than one million women aged 50 to 65 years of age. In a report published in the Lancet, trial investigators, including renowned epidemiologist Richard Peto, found that 12-year mortality was significantly higher in women with a history of smoking compared to women who never smoked (rate ratio 2.76, CI 2.71-2.81). Smokers, the authors calculated, lose 10 years of life. The good news is that stopping smoking before the age of 40 reduces the excess mortality by 90%. Smoking in Japan– The Life Span Study, published in BMJ, was started in 1950 and has followed more than 65,000 men and women in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The results were consistent with the Million Women Study in the UK: the rate ratio for mortality was more than doubled for smokers compared to nonsmokers both for men (2.21, CI 1.97-2.48) and for women (2.61, CI 1.98-3.44). The investigators also reported that stopping smoking before age 35 eliminated almost all of the risk associated with smoking. Smoke-free legislation meta-analysis– Smoking is not just a personal decision that has individual health effects. A new meta-analysis published in Circulation found that smoke-free legislation results in immediate reductions in hospital admissions or deaths for coronary events (RR .848,...
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...Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders Paper PSY/410 Marice Lynnette Jones 05/09/2016 Karen Wood The brain is a magnificent organ within the human body. The brain controls everything from our movement, involuntary functions, thoughts and emotions. Due to its fragile nature, the brain is protected very well by thick layer of membrane called dura mater and encased by a skull (Butcher, 2014). The main focus for this paper is to describe one neurodevelopmental disorder and one neurocognitive disorder. The behavioral criteria for each disorder will be discussed along with incidence rates and their causes. Options for treatment based on two different theoretical models will as provide a valuable insight for the disorders. Neurodevelopmental disorders refer to a group of conditions that presents itself during the developmental period. These disorders impair development or the central nervous system causing an effect on emotions, learning ability, self-control and memory. The most common neurodevelopmental disorder is ADHD. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder causes children to have trouble paying attention, control impulsive behavior and overly active. There are no known causes or risk factors, however a recent twin research studies have linked ADHD with genes. Along with genes, possible contributors towards ADHD would be injury to the brain, environmental exposures, alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy, premature delivery, and low birth weight (CDC, 2016). The symptoms...
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