...powers are given to the central government and other powers are given to the lower levels of government. The states in a unitary system hold a considerable jurisdiction and power in accordance with the doctrines set by the parliament. 2. What are the major differences between parliamentary and presidential systems? The main difference between a parliamentary and presidential system of government is that in a presidential system, the president is separate from the legislative body, but in a parliamentary system, the chief executive, such as a prime minister, is part of the legislative body, or parliament. A presidential system separates the executive and legislative functions of the government and provides what are commonly called checks and balances to limit the power of both the chief executive and the legislature. In a parliamentary system, the legislature holds the power, and the chief executive must answer to the legislature. Another main difference is that in a presidential system, the people elect the chief executive and members of the legislature separately, but in a parliamentary system, the legislature is elected by the people and then must appoint or recommend for appointment one of its members to be the chief executive. 3. What are...
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...Unibersidad De Manila 659-A Justice Cecilia Munoz-Palma Street, Ermita, Manila, Metro Manila Parliamentary: A Good Form of Government Aira C. Adao UC-48 Prof. Marvin Ignacio Politics and Governance January 20, 2015 I. Title: Parliamentary: A Good Form of Government II. Abstract HYPOTHESIS 1. What is Parliamentary Government? 2. What are the types of Parliamentary Government? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Parliamentary System? 4. What countries are implementing Parliamentary System? 5. What is the difference between Parliamentary System and Presidential System? OBJECTIVES * To point out the good sides of the Parliamentary system. * To discuss the process of legislation of the Parliamentary Government. * To tackle the important topic about Parliamentary system. * To form a good information to the readers about the essence of Parliamentary system. SIGNIFICANCE * This term paper gives information to the reader about the system of Parliamentary Government. * This paper will benefit the ones who search information about the essence of Parliamentary system. III. Introduction Parliament, (from Old French: parlement; Latin: parliamentum) the original legislative assembly of England, Scotland, or Ireland and successively of Great Britain and the United Kingdom; legislatures in some countries that were once British colonies are also known as parliaments. The British Parliament, often referred...
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...Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Westminster system From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Westminster system is a democratic parliamentary system of government modelled after the politics of the United Kingdom. This term comes from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The system is a series of procedures for operating a legislature. It is used, or was once used, in the national legislatures and subnational legislatures of most Commonwealth and ex-Commonwealth nations upon being granted responsible government, beginning with the first of the Canadian provinces in 1848 and the six Australian colonies between 1855 and 1890. However some former colonies (e.g. Nigeria) have adopted the presidential system as their form of government. The Houses of Parliament are situated within the Palace of Westminster, in London. Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Operation 3 Role of the head of state 4 Cabinet government 5 Bicameral and unicameral parliaments 6 Criticisms 7 Ceremonies 8 Current countries 9 Former countries 10 See also 11 Notes 12 Bibliography 13 External links Characteristics A Westminster system of government may include some of the following features: a sovereign or head of state who functions as the nominal or legal and constitutional holder of executive power, and holds numerous reserve powers, but whose daily duties mainly consist of performing ceremonial functions. Examples include Queen Elizabeth...
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...08 Fall How governments are formed There are no codified rules in the UK to state how government is formed, in theory it is in the hands of the monarch – up until the 19thCentury this was largely a reality. However the monarch no longer plays any active role in this process. The party that wins a majority of seats in the House of Commons after a general election, its leader will be invited by the monarch to form a government. 2010 Coalition * Conservatives were longest party in HoC but failed to win overall majority * Labour negotiated a coalition with LibDems and later the LibDems negotiated with both main parties for a coalition * Labour and LibDem did not make an overall majority * Gordon Brown later resigned and advised the Queen to ask Cameron to form a government either as a minority or in coalition with LibDems. * Cameron accepted and formed coalition with LibDem ‘The Government’ 25 members are members of the HoL and 90 are MPs. MPs that are from the party that is in government ate not members of government! They are known as backbenchers and the members of government are known as frontbenchers. All members of government are appointed by the PM. The cabinet (22-23 members) meet regularly. Ministerial selection The PM must weigh up the qualities of individuals against the political consequences of appointing them. Qualities that ideal ministers should possess: * Must be politically reliable * Must have potential ...
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...* ortfolio * Help * FOUN1301 Law, Governance, Economy and Society | S3 15/16 Page path * Home / ► * Semester 3 15/16 / ► * FOUN1301 | S3 / ► * General / ► * Graded Discussion 2 ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form SearchSearch forums Bottom of Form Graded Discussion 2 Second graded discussion question: Graded Discussion 2: Opens June 13 closes June 17, 2016 @ 3:30 pm (EC Time) (15 marks). Question: Evaluate whether the Westminster model system of government adopted by English speaking Caribbean countries accommodates corruption Graded Discussion 2 by Sophia De La Rosa Williams - Wednesday, 15 June 2016, 9:05 AM Westminster system of Government can be defined as a democratic,parliamentary system of Government modelled after that of the United Kingdom system , as used in the Palace of Westminster (the Parliament of the United Kingdom).This system is a series of procedures for operating a legislature.It is used in most commonwealth nations.Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It can be classified as grand,petty and political,depending on the on the amount of money, lost and the sector where it occurs.According to Arnold Heidenheimer corruption is "perversion or destruction of integrity in the discharge of public duties by bribery or favour".I think it is safe to say that corruption and the Westminster system go hand in hand, the Westminster system has an inbuilt lack of checks and balances...
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...Cabinet of Liberia The Cabinet of Liberia, together with the President and Vice President, form the executive branch of government in the country. The President, with the consent of the Senate, appoints cabinet ministers. The current government The following is a list of ministers currently serving in the administration of President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: who took office as president on 16 January 2006. Office | Minister | Minister of Foreign Affairs | Augustine K. Ngafuan | Minister of State for Presidential Affairs | Edward B. McClain, Jr. | Minister of Finance and Economic Planning | Amara M. Konneh | Minister of Justice and Attorney-General | Christiana Tah | Minister of National Defense | Brownie J. Samukai | Minister of Internal Affairs | Blamo Nelson | Minister of Education | Etmonia Tarpeh | Minister of Posts and Telecommunications | Frederick Norkeh | Minister of Public Works | Samuel Kofi Woods | Minister of Agriculture | Florence Chenoweth | Minister of Health and Social Welfare | Walter Gwenigale | Minister of Information, Culture, and Tourism | Lewis Brown | Minister of Lands, Mines, and Energy | Patrick Sendolo | Minister of Commerce and Industry | Miata Beysolow | Minister of Gender and Development | Julia Duncan-Cassell | Minister of Labor | Vabah Gayflor | Minister of Youth and Sport | Tornolah Varpilah | Minister of Transport | Eugene Nagbe | Minister of State without Portfolio | Conmany B. Wesse | 1. The National Security - The National...
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...Policy Making and Policy Implementation Public policy refers to the actions taken by government — its decisions that are intended to solve problems and improve the quality of life for its citizens. At the federal level, public policies are enacted to regulate industry and business, to protect citizens at home and abroad, to aid state and city governments and people such as the poor through funding programs, and to encourage social goals. A policy established and carried out by the government goes through several stages from inception to conclusion. These are agenda building, formulation, adoption, implementation, evaluation, and termination. 1. Agenda building Before a policy can be created, a problem must exist that is called to the attention of the government. Illegal immigration, for example, has been going on for many years, but it was not until the 1990s that enough people considered it such a serious problem that it required increased government action. Another example is crime. American society tolerates a certain level of crime; however, when crime rises dramatically or is perceived to be rising dramatically, it becomes an issue for policymakers to address. Specific events can place a problem on the agenda. The flooding of a town near a river raises the question of whether homes should be allowed to be built in a floodplain. New legislation on combating terrorism (the USA Patriot Act, for example) was a response to the attacks...
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...Chapter 2 – The Executive The Prime Minister What do you know about the roles and powers of prime ministers? • In Austria & Germany (Dr. Angela Merkel): chancellor • Prime minister: not only the chief executive of the state [In Europe], but also the head of one of the legislative parties. (usually the largest) ( Great power [in particular in single-party majority governments as Greece (Kostas Karamanlis), Britain (Gordon Brown)] ( The lack of any separation between legislature and executive. • In EU-style, the person who can muster a legislative majority ( Head of the executive • In such countries, the threat to the Prime minister comes from the governing party. Elements of power of the Prime minister: (1) Approved by the legislature (i.e. Parliament) as the political head of the government. (Most important task of the legislature after an election has been held.) - If the incumbent prime minister can collect the parliamentary votes to remain on office: he or she has “won” the election even if his party had large losses. - The politicians campaigning in Parliamentary elections are typically party leaders. - Electing/Approving a new prime minister is the central duty of a newly elected parliament. [Citizens vote for the party] - If citizens want to change their chief executive in a parliamentary government system, they do so by voting in legislative elections. (2) The modest role of head of state. Premier political...
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...(A) What is a government? The word "government" is defined by the oxford English dictionary like: “the group of people with the authority to govern a country or state; a particular ministry in office”. A government is a very useful tool for organize the human society, because we need an orden system that manages all the efforts of the same for their own benefit and prosperity. The origin of the government lies in the State. In the beginnings, the human’s societies were small and were governed by the law of the stronger. If you could protect your properties, or even rob other, which would be fine because that was the normative. This is the state of nature, or what we call "Natural Law", where people organize themselves around self-sufficiency and self-interest, as well as self-survival. But, when the societies grew, became intolerable this type of behaviors. In a scenario where there is a government, people are organized in a society with rules or laws which govern their conduct. The state was created to protect the physical and material integrity of the members of a society. (B) Utility and functions of a government organized. In the human history, have existed many types of government, and some have been better than others, regarding the division of property and justice among different social strata comprising citizens who form the state, but all have been "organized" in one way or another. From my perspective, an organized government works as a social regulator, handing...
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...1) Coalition government is one in which two or more parties take part in running a country. On paper it looks simple, but it is a whole lot more complicated. For example one issue that can arise is disagreement between the partners on their policies and proposals. In the case of the UK, Conservatives and Liberals sometimes disagree. An example is, the proposal of AV to be used in a general election, but the Conservatives disagreed. However in the end the two coalition partners agreed that they will hold a referendum. 2) One problem that might arise if the cabinet contained both Conservatives and Lib.Dems is that the government is not stable. It is very possible that the two partners may disagree on their policies and proposals. For example the Liberals opposed the further use of nuclear energy, but it was agreed between the leaderships of the two coalition partners that more nuclear power plants can be build. This can build conflicts between the two parties and result in government failure. Furthermore in the UK coalitions are formed in a time of crisis and the country may be seen by other international countries as weak and this can damage their international competitiveness and foreign investment, which are very important in order to keep the economy running. Furthermore coalition government is actually less democratic as the balance of power is inevitably held by the small parties who can barter their support for concessions from the main groups within the coalition...
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...The Indonesia’s politic follows a democratic framework since post-Suharto regime, wherein the president holds both the role of the head of state and the head of government. Indonesia’s political system comprises of multiple parties with the government possessing the executive power while both the government and the two People's Representative Councils, namely the DPR and DPD enforcing the legislative power. The judicial branch, in contrast, is independent of both the executive and legislative branches. The limited separation of executive, legislative and judicial power was introduced in the 1945 constitution and the Indonesian’s governance has thus been described as "presidential with parliamentary characteristics” [1]. This democratization advancement from 30 years of Suharto’s authoritarian regime was considered relatively successful and is perceived to be one of the most phenomenal political developments in the regions as this huge leap in governance transformation did not brew significant unrest. However, it is noteworthy that...
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...“….it seems to me that we are moving in the direction of an elective dictatorship,” so said Lord Hailsham in 1978 [The Dilemma of Democracy]. Is this an accurate assessment of the UK system of government/constitution? Dictatorship can be defined as a form of government where political authority is monopolised by a single person or political entity, and exercised through various mechanism to ensure the entity’s power remains strong. Dictatorship is a type of authoritarianism, in which which politicians regulate nearly the behaviour of normal people. Dictatorships and totalitarianism generally employ political propaganda to decrease the influence of proponents of alternative governing systems as is the nature of nationalism of any governing systems. An “elective dictatorship” (also called executive dominance in political science) is a phrase popularised by the former Lord Chancellor of the United kingdom, Lord Hailsham, in a Richard Dimble by Lecture at the BBC in 1976. Elective dictatorship refers to the fusion of powers of the executive and the legislative; where the legislative is drawn from the executive therefore resulting in the dominance of the executive over the legislative. The executives majority in the House of commons reinforces the executive dominance. Elective dictatorship occurs in conjunction with this situation and that of the governing party, the executive. The party in power will by definition have more seats i.e more voting power than all the opposition...
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...increasingly acquired presidential powers and been carried out in presidential style in order to become more dominant of government in general. Although the distinction between the legislature and executive in the UK is blurred and the prime minister is technically different to a president, the prime minister is now effectively the Chief of the Executive, Chief of State and Commander-in-Chief in Britain – these are typically considered presidential functions. This means that prime ministers in the UK are now more powerful and very similar to presidents – they govern in a similar way, and have similar prerogatives. Many argue that the British prime minister is unique and unlike a president because of the overlap between the executive and legislating branches of government. Whereas in the UK the prime minister’s party has a majority in the upper legislative chamber, and he can therefore harness parliamentary sovereignty, in America the legislature is independent of the president and can act as a barrier to his mandate. For example in 2012 Obama’s ‘Bring Jobs Home’ Bill, which would take tax breaks from companies that ‘outsource’ jobs abroad, and give them to ‘insourcing’ companies was blocked by Senate Republicans, 42 of whom voted against it. 17 other bills with similar widespread public appeal such as this one have been blocked by republicans in the Senate or Congress – this shows that in this aspect at least the British prime minister is not presidential, as the defeat of a...
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...on a significant quantity of high quality answers and the overall impression gained was that candidates were well informed. It is a standard question which should reward any well prepared candidate and very many accessed Level 3 marks here particularly for AO1 and AO2. Candidates on the whole managed to achieve balance, combining both methods of control and limitations on power although weaker candidates did tend to concentrate on the former. The most common factors quoted that enable Prime Ministerial dominance were agenda control, patronage, control of cabinet committees, ‘sofa’ politics and quad government. Many candidates were extremely secure in their knowledge of the Prime Minister as chief policy maker, emergency powers, appointments and dismissals and the focus of the media on his office. Examiners noted that the question requires balance and that for a Level 3 response both powers and constraints, though not necessarily in equal measure, have to be considered. The most common limitations were that the Prime Minister can be overruled by the cabinet; some ministers may have their own power base, the passage of events, the size of parliamentary majority and the impact of coalition politics. Level 3 responses would also display a range of relevant examples from either one or preferably a range of Prime Ministers. Very good answers drew on the experience of at least some of Thatcher, Major, Blair and Brown, with some candidates able to contrast why Thatcher...
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...Definitions and Sentences 1.Government: The governing body of a nation, state, or community. -The Government Is able to see all social networking. 2.Public policy: The principles, often unwritten, on which social laws are based. - The Public Policy was mad of unwritten laws. 3.Legislative power: A legislature is a type of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend, and repeal laws. -The Legislative power passes laws. 4.Executive power: In the study of political science the executive branch of government is that part of government that has sole authority and responsibilility. -The Executive Power makes important decitions. 5.Judical power: The Judical (also known as the Judical Power) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. -The Judical power helps organize laws. 6.Constitution: A body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed. -The US Constitution was written a long time ago. 7.Dictatorship: A country governed by a dictator. -Hitler was a horrial Dictator 8.Democracy: A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. -The US has a Democracy type of government. 9.State: Of, provided by, or concerned with the civil government of a country: "the future of state education"...
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