...Lead Poisoning, Exposure, and Prevention in Childhood The subject of the pamphlet used for this project was preventing lead exposure and keeping the family safe. According to the Center for Disease and Prevention (CDC), children of the ages, 1-5 years old are one of the high-risk group and found to have levels of lead in the blood that is harmful. Younger children are more at risk than adults and older children due to playing on the floor, crawling, they put their hands and toys in their mouths. I gave my friend's daughter Oliva the pamphlet she is a young pregnant single mother of a two-year-old. The mother is 24 years of age half Caucasian and Philliphena. She is of low socioeconomic status and receives public assistance for her housing and food. The Oliva only has her high school diploma, never attended college. Oliva has heard of lead poisoning from lead pencils, but had no other knowledge of lead poisoning. Oliva was concerned to hear it can affect pregnant women and the fetus. Also, eager to know what interventions she can take to decrease the exposure since it can be 100% preventable including what were the health risks it has on young children. She read the pamphlet and learn more about the health risks, health effects and prevention to lead exposure. During the discussion, Oliva explained that she rents a room for her and her son, the homeowner who was there for the discussion stated the house built in 1967,...
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...Automobiles Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc. 499 U.S. 187(1991) Pingping Wang Florida International University BUL6810: The Legal Environment of Business Abstract This paper is generally about the case analysis about the supreme court case Automobiles Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc. based on the legal documents, such as the Civil Rights Acts of 1964, and Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1987. This case is focus on the primary prospective of the Pregnancy Discrimination between the employers and employees, providing the elaborate and personal comprehension of this case issues, and then describes the inspiration refined from this case. Contents 1.Introduction 2 2. Case analysis 3 2.1 The procedure of the case receiving 3 2.2The related legal document analysis 5 2.2.1 The Civil Right Act of 1964 (Title VII) 5 2.2.2 The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 7 2.3 The causation analysis of the supreme court’s decisions based on personal comprehension 8 3. The inspiration of the case 10 4. Conclusion 11 Reference 11 Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc, 499U.S.187 (1991) 1.Introduction Presently, the employment relationship is becoming a hot-button topic among the public, protecting the employees’ legitimate interest detailed reform and implementation in the field of the law. ...
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...Unvaccinated Children: Should they be allowed public schools? Deborah Toodle Stephen Webber English 215 18 August 2013 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify the problem that will be addressed with my proposed solution. It will describe the history and overview of the issue both medically and publicly as well as the current status of public and political opinion. Three problems will be identified in the course of this paper as well as support to show the true application of these problems. Finally a solution is proposed and discussed after a summarization of the problems. Unvaccinated Children: Should we allow them in public schools? Every day one of a parents greatest worries is the health of their child. As they get older and venture out of the house and out of a parents sight more often, children are exposed to an even greater risk of illness. The culmination of this is the day a parent puts a child on a school bus and sends them off for the first time. One of the biggest fears of the modern day parent is the health risks of sending a child to public schools. While they claim to be safer in the modern world, the exposure of children to one another in a confined place for days on end still continually results in easily contracted illnesses. Children are constantly reported as having flu’s or colds that can be traced back to an entire classroom of sick children. So why should they be exposed to extra illnesses and even sometimes...
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...The nurse can reflect on the surroundings and develop an opinion regarding the patient. The difficulties the community can impose create negative outcomes and or can be productive for the patient; this is revealed in the assessment surrounding the patient. The historical area of the community does have down falls. The paint that was used in the era of older homes and apartments contain lead. Lead, a contaminate to children in the home, school or business is a concern for the community and the nurse. The lead would give the nursing diagnosis of, Risk for Contamination (Household Lead Exposure). Lead exposure in apartments, schools and playground equipment are primary sites for exposure. Nursing interventions would consist of ongoing screening program for lead levels of individuals, agency notification of levels, decrease the exposure to minimize the risk, relocate families to a safe environment, and educate the high-risk people about lead exposure (Polk & Green, 2007). OSHA has standards set in place to regulate the levels of lead exposure. They mandate that areas of lead paint must be removed and for a cleaner environment of the community. The city and state enforce the regulations in communities. Groups within the community organize individuals from the community to provide free help in removing paint that is found to be contaminated. Child Advocacy is one group that supports cleanup efforts. It does seem that the lower income area of the city is ignored, leaving...
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...Infants spend an estimated 90 percent or more of time inside homes and or daycare agencies. This large amount of time spent indoors poses an even greater risk due to the increased exposure to home environmental risks such as lead, carbon monoxide, radon, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. Lead, a neurotoxin that affects both the central and peripheral nervous system. lead exposure effects IQ, cognition, attention, memory, learning disabilities, aggressive behavior, and delinquency. neurological impairments autoimmune reaction long term neuro-cognitive changes. Cardivascular injury Respiratory Illness Carbon monoxide (CO) cause serious health damages to the neurological and cardiovascular systems. Neurological symptoms such as fatigue, headache, confusion, and dizziness, High doses of CO exposure results in loss of consciousness, coma, neuropsychiatric and behavioral impairment, and death. * Exposure to pesticides include headache, dizziness, nausea, papillary constriction, and excessive perspiration and salivation. (CDC, 2007). * Severe exposures can result in muscle weakness, bronchospasms, convulsions, and death. Acute ingestion or inhalation exposure can result in asthma symptoms, neurological symptoms such as tremor, salivation, and seizures. Dermal exposure can also result in abnormal skin sensations such as burning, rash, and skin irritation (CDC, 2008). Cezar-Vaz, M., Alves Bonow, C., Fontella Sant' Anna, C., Pereira Rocha, L.,...
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... Child abuse is the physical, sexual or emotional mistreatment of children. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. Most child abuse occurs in a child's home, with a smaller amount occurring in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological/emotional abuse and child sexual abuse. Different jurisdictions have developed their own definitions of what constitutes child abuse for the purposes of removing a child from his/her family and/or prosecuting a criminal charge. According to the Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect, child abuse is "any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm". Causes Child abuse is a complex phenomenon with multiple causes. Understanding the causes of abuse is crucial to addressing the problem of child abuse. Parents who physically abuse their spouses are more likely than others to physically abuse their children. However, it is impossible to know whether marital strife is a cause of child abuse, or if both the...
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...10C - Child Maltreatment P3: Explain the factors that would lead to suspicion of child maltreatment or abuse. Child maltreatment, also referred to as child maltreatment and neglect, includes all the various forms of abuse ranging from physical, emotional and sexual abuse to neglect and exploitation. This type of abuse can result in the potential or actual harm to a child's health, there development and dignity. Physical Abuse: Physical abuse also defined as non-accidental trauma or physical injury, of which can be caused by punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning or harming the child. Physical abuse is the most visible and second most common form of child maltreatment. In most cases, physical abuse is the result of inappropriate or excessive physical discipline. The child's parent or caregiver may strike out in anger, unaware of the magnitude of the force in which they strike the child. There are other various factors which can contribute to child abuse; this includes the immaturity of the parent(s), lack of parenting skills, poor childhood experiences and social isolation, as well as drug or alcohol problems and domestic violence. Other signs that would lead to suspicion of child maltreatment or abuse include: ● Unexplained bruises ● Unexplained burns – this would include cigarette burns or immersion burns ● Unexplained fractures, lacerations or abrasions ● Swollen areas ● Evidence of delayed or inappropriate treatment for injuries ● Withdrawn...
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...focus of this study (CDC, 2012). Children develop autism before the age of three years and struggle with it throughout their lives (CDC, 2012). “Autism creates many challenges in the child’s life and it negatively impacts; intellectual disabilities, language delays, social and communication difficulties and unexpected behaviour and interests” (CDC, 2012). Autism does not segregate between racial and ethnic groups, nor does it relate to socioeconomic status; however it has been proven to occur more often in males than in females (CDC, 2012). Over the past decade there has been a significant increase in the number of autistic diagnoses (CDC, 2012). Evidence has shown that the development of autism occurs during the pregnancy phase (Schmidt, 2011); which leads this study to analyze the association between intake of iron, and zinc during pregnancy and preventing autism in the offspring. Specific Aims The proposed study will be focused on whether women who take iron and zinc supplements during the three trimesters of the pregnancy will reduce the risk of autism in their offspring. The goal of this study is to develop an association between vitamin exposures and the outcome of prevented risk of autism. The proposal can potentially establish correlations that will help identify, and prevent risk factors of autism. Two objectives for this study are: to measure the prevalence of autism among young children in Canada, and to compare the levels of exposure and disease among three different...
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...focus of this study (CDC, 2012). Children develop autism before the age of three years and struggle with it throughout their lives (CDC, 2012). “Autism creates many challenges in the child’s life and it negatively impacts; intellectual disabilities, language delays, social and communication difficulties and unexpected behaviour and interests” (CDC, 2012). Autism does not segregate between racial and ethnic groups, nor does it relate to socioeconomic status; however it has been proven to occur more often in males than in females (CDC, 2012). Over the past decade there has been a significant increase in the number of autistic diagnoses (CDC, 2012). Evidence has shown that the development of autism occurs during the pregnancy phase (Schmidt, 2011); which leads this study to analyze the association between intake of iron, and zinc during pregnancy and preventing autism in the offspring. Specific Aims The proposed study will be focused on whether women who take iron and zinc supplements during the three trimesters of the pregnancy will reduce the risk of autism in their offspring. The goal of this study is to develop an association between vitamin exposures and the outcome of prevented risk of autism. The proposal can potentially establish correlations that will help identify, and prevent risk factors of autism. Two objectives for this study are: to measure the prevalence of autism among young children in Canada, and to compare the levels of exposure and disease among three different...
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...1 A Critical Evaluation of the Use of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Human Health Jess A. White School of Health, University of Northampton (2015). Insecticides are universally used, not just by farmers, but by household gardener’s as a way to prevent, mitigate or repel pests. Due to outbreaks of infectious disease in honey bees and amphibians, the use of systematic insecticides has significantly increased over the last 20 years (Mason et al., 2012). And is now thought to be the preferred choice; because of their toxicity and mechanistic action. One type, in particular, seen to show a usage increase is – neonicotinoids - a class of agrochemicals derived from nicotine (a substance found in cigarettes). It is thought this derivative form is solely based on the chemical similarity of the two (Calderon-Segura et al., 2012). First introduced within the 1990’s, neonicotinoids were principally used for their systematic nature. While most insecticides are placed on the surfaces of yielding crops, neonicotinoids are taken up by the roots and translocated to separate areas. This, therefore, makes the plant toxic to certain insect species (Pisa et al., 2014). It is this mechanism of action that has now simultaneously been linked to the adverse impacts on several other invertebrate and vertebrate species (Sluijs et al., 2014). There are currently, five authorised neonicotinoid insecticides available for use in the UK, including (1) acetamiprid, (2) clothianidin, (3)...
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...Literature Review Background on Lead Lead is a naturally occurring metal found in small amounts (0.002%) throughout the earth’s surface and deep beneath the ground (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2014; Environmental Protection Agency, 2014; World Health Organization, 2010). It is described as a heavy, low melting, and bluish-gray metal (Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, 2007). The toxicity of lead has been known ever since Roman times (WHO, 2010), when a Greek physician and poet, Nicander, described it as “gleaming, deadly white lead” (Needleman, 2009, p. 235) and, Dioscorides, a physician of Nero, described “lead makes the mind give away” (Needleman, 2009, p. 235). World Health Organization cites (Eisinger,...
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...drugs. Poor parental supervision will give them more opportunities for exposure to drugs. Poor parental communication could lead the children to take drugs. They think their parents do not care about them. Educate your teenager about drug use, so they get the real * facts about the dangers of drug use. Family break up or parental conflicts. Parents keep quarelling everyday. Teenagers who failed to find ways to relief their frustration misuse drugs to feel better (Neil,n.d,as cited in Top 8 Reasons, n.d.) Students may take drugs due to the university factors. Availability of drugs in the university. Other students are selling drugs. They want to try something new. Students are stress in studies. Full of works and assignments. Parents play an important role in preventing or dealing with teenagers who abuse drugs. Talk to your teenager openly and honesty (Stanton,1983) Asking your child to tell you his/her thought and feelings about drugs. Talking with your child about his/her emotion and your feeling too. Teach responsible behaviour. Teach the balance of rights and responsibilities. Give rewards for their responsible behaviour. Encourage your child to develop positive interests, even if those interests are not the ones you would choose for them. Teenagers can build their confidence. They can learn about life. The Education Ministry must play an active role. Preventing crime not only in school but also in university. Sent undisciplined and...
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...value 3 Toy 101 Vocabulary General Product Components • Surface coatings – outer surface - potential child contact – Decorations, labels, paints and other coating materials • Substrate – basic material of construction – Plastic, vinyl, cloth, metal or combination • Mechanicals – Screws, clips, springs, axels, gears, bushings • Electricals – Jacks, plugs, connectors, circuit boards, coated wires, solder, capacitors, resistors, diodes 4 Key Safety Terms • • ASTM F963 – 39 sections on “Safety Requirements” Small Part: – Prevent choking hazards in toys appropriate for children < 36 months of age Accessible Part of Component: – Any area of toy that child can come in contact with – Defined by what can be touched by accessibility probe that simulates child’s abilities and dexterity – Inaccessible if passes probe test both before and after use and abuse testing – Hazard eliminated by preventing exposure Use/Abuse Testing Flammability Heavy Elements Packaging Age Grading Guidelines • • • • • • 5 Balancing...
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...impact of the disease on the community. Chickenpox also known as varicella is a highly infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. Varicella zoster can cause two illnesses, the first is chickenpox and the second illness is herpes zoster also known as shingles. Transmission of this highly infectious disease is spread through droplet exposure and contact with fluid from blister like vesicles. Examples of exposure through droplets are sneezing, coughing and oral secretions inhaled causing infection to the new host. Chickenpox is easily spread two to three days before the rash appears and is contagious until all the vesicles are scabbed over (WebMD, 2013). Symptoms tend to develop fourteen to sixteen days after exposure; around day ten after the first symptom is when the blisters crust over (WebMD, 2013). Chickenpox can occur in both children and adults but is more common in children under the age of ten years. Generally, healthy children acquire a mild infection that spontaneously expires. Between the months of March and May children are more likely to acquire chickenpox, but are still susceptible anytime of the year. In children the first symptom is a rash that becomes...
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...as voices for those with intellectual disabilities. At that time there was very limited information known about intellectual disabilities, or mental retardation as they used to say, and the causes of it. Because of this, there were practically no programs or activities for these kids in order to help with the development, care, and support for families. At that time, it was extremely common for a physician to tell a parent their child would be better suited at an institution. This is when The Arc’s founders decided to fight because they wanted more for their children and wanted them to lead a fulfilling life. The Arc works passionately to ensure that every individual with a mental disability and their parents have access to information, advocacy, and skills they need in order to participate as an active citizen and member of their community. This organization is committed to altering the perceptions of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In addition they also secure services for these individuals who have been denied an education, day care and preschool, and the right to work (The Arc, n.d.). This organization has adapted accordingly due to the sensitive terminology that has had an impact on these individuals. The term ‘mental retardation’ was used vastly as the appropriate terminology in the medical field. Although it may still be used today, the terms ‘intellectual disability’ and ‘developmental disability’ are starting to be adopted more broadly...
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