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目 录
2011年中国证券公司直接投资业务研究报告
1 1.1 中国证券公司直接投资业务发展概述
3 7 9 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 中国证券公司直接投资业务发展现状 中国证券公司直接投资业务政策法规梳理 中国证券公司开展直接投资业务的SWOT分析 版面设计 美术编辑 研究联系 86-10-84580476 转 8073 xinghuafu@zero2ipo.com.cn 销售联系 86-10-84580478 转 8070 zhangjiayuan@zero2ipo.com.cn 清科集团客户服务热线 中国证券公司直投基金业务运作模式 案例分析——中金佳成投资管理有限公司 400-600-9460 research@zero2ipo.com.cn 郭永军 发行人 创办人暨首席执行官 倪正东

11 1.2 中国证券公司自有资金直投业务运作模式研究
11 15 17 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 中国证券公司自有资金直投业务现状 中国证券公司自有资金直投业务运作模式 案例分析——国信弘盛投资有限公司

21 1.3 中国证券公司直投基金运作模式研究
21 22 24 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 中国证券公司直投基金业务现状

27 1.4 中国证券公司直接投资业务发展建议
27 27 27 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 中国证券公司自营直投业务存在的问题 中国证券公司直投基金业务存在的问题 中国证券公司直接投资业务发展建议

图 目 录
图1.1.2.1 图1.2.1.1 图1.2.1.2 图1.2.1.3 图1.2.1.4 图1.2.2.1 图1.3.2.1 图1.3.3.1 证券公司直接投资业务相关政策 证券公司直投机构退出市场及平均回报水平(截止至 2011年三季度末) 证券公司直投机构退出行业及平均回报水平(截止至 2011年三季度末) 证券公司直投机构退出案例数量及平均回报水平(截止 至2011年三季度末) 证券公司直投机构投资时间及平均回报水平(截止至 2011年三季度末) 证券公司自有资金从事直接投资模式 证券公司直接投资机构设立私募股权投资机构及基金模 式 中金佳泰(天津)股权投资基金合伙企业结构 8 11 12 13 14 16 22 25

表 目 录
表1.1.1 表1.1.1.1 表1.1.1.2 表1.1.1.3 表1.1.1.4 表1.2.1.1 表1.2.2.1 表1.2.3.1 表1.2.3.2 表1.2.3.3 表1.2.3.4 表1.3.1.1 中国证券公司地域分布(截止至2010年底) 中国证券公司开展直投业务情况(按直投子公司注册资本 量排序,截止至2011年9月) 全国证券公司直投公司注册地分布(截止至2011年9月) 全国证券公司直投公司注册规模分布(截止至2011年9 月) 潜在具设立直投机构资格证券公司情况(按证券公司2010 年净资本量排序,截止至2011年9月) 2010年至2011年证券公司相关股权投资机构被投企业首发 未通过情况(截止至2011年10月21日) 证券公司直接参股及控股股权投资机构情况 国信证券股权结构 国信弘盛投资案例(2009-2010) 国信弘盛投资案例一级行业分布 国信弘盛退出案例列表(截止至2011年10月) 中国券商直投参与设立直投基金情况一览(截止至2011年 9月) 1 4 5 6 6 15 17 18 18 19 20 21

中国证券公司直接投资业务研究报告

1.1 中国证券公司直接投资业务发展概述
上世纪80年代初期,新中国证券市场的发展正式揭开序幕,为了适应国债发行和交易以及股份制 试点改革的需要,中国诞生了第一批证券公司,初步形成了证券专营和兼营机构共存的市场格局。 之后,90年代初,上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所先后成立,为境内发行上市的股票提供了规范 的交易场所,进一步为证券业发展奠定了坚实的基础,证券公司数量迅速增加,规模迅速扩大,业 务范围也迅速扩张,行业进入快速发展时期。然而,也正是在这一时期,市场因粗放竞争为未来埋 下了风险隐患。2000年后,随着《证券法》的发布实施和市场规模的扩大,证券公司数量持续快速 增长,并且迎来一批增资扩股浪潮,公司规模迅速扩大。这期间,上一发展阶段中埋下的风险隐患 开始集中爆发,证监会开始了对证券公司的综合治理。 经过30多年的发展,我国在证券公司数量、营业网点及分、子公司数量方面有了显著增长。清 科研究中心数据显示,截至2010年底,全国注册成立的证券公司已达106家。从地域分布来看,106 家证券公司注册地集中在北京、深圳、上海等经济发达地区,其中北京和深圳分别有17家证券公司 注册成立,上海有14家,三地注册证券公司数量占全国总数45.3%,其余58家证券公司分布在28个 省市。注册资本方面,至2010年底,深圳、上海和北京分别以人民币413.78亿元、357.73亿元和 311.59亿元位列地域内证券公司注册资本规模前三甲。另外,江苏及湖南两地证券公司注册资本规 模均超过人民币100.00亿元,分别居于第四及第五位。结合证券公司2010年净资本分析,深圳、上 海及北京依然分列前三,但规模差距较大,三地证券公司净资本总额分别为1,026.85亿元、991.08 亿元和535.10亿元。

表1.1.1 中国证券公司地域分布(截止至2010年底) 地域 北京 深圳 上海 广东(除深圳) 江苏 四川 福建 湖南 辽宁 陕西 浙江 注册证券公司数量 (家) 17 17 14 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 注册资本 (2010年底,亿元人民币) 311.59 413.78 357.73 67.07 120.41 28.38 28.00 112.33 34.38 20.60 49.27 净资本 (2010年底,亿元人民币) 535.10 1,026.85 991.08 184.21 331.38 67.46 88.08 102.26 50.29 36.06 73.37 续下页表

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接上页表 地域 安徽 海南 湖北 吉林 江西 内蒙古 山东 山西 云南 甘肃 广西 贵州 河北 河南 黑龙江 青海 天津 西藏 新疆 重庆 总计 来源:清科研究中心2011.10 注册证券公司数量 (家) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 106 注册资本 (2010年底,亿元人民币) 43.69 10.25 30.08 6.95 19.19 27.95 60.12 25.00 28.90 15.53 8.00 5.00 14.17 20.34 13.63 1.84 32.27 2.00 14.61 23.23 1,946.30 净资本 (2010年底,亿元人民币) 143.20 16.12 76.40 37.05 28.66 36.89 98.32 52.65 48.75 9.42 20.64 13.65 23.74 33.44 18.93 2.32 19.97 3.78 50.71 91.21 4,311.98 www.zdbchina.com

根据《证券法》规定,我国证券公司可经营的业务包括证券经纪、证券投资咨询、与证券交易、 证券投资活动有关的财务顾问、证券承销与保荐、证券自营、证券资产管理以及其他证券业务。统 计数据显示,我国证券公司业务种类相对单一,收入来源集中,相比之下,国外诸如高盛和摩根士 丹利等成熟金融机构各类业务收入结构更为平均。例如,从我国主要证券公司收入结构来看,2009 年证券经纪业务收入占比普遍达到60.0%以上。然而,此类业务受市场波动影响较大,加之市场竞 争激烈造成佣金费率下滑,二级市场表现欠佳时,经纪收入下滑明显。此外,在证券公司收入中占 比较大的另一项业务是证券自营业务,但同样受二级市场表现影响较深,盈利水平与市场景气度息 息相关。另一方面,2009年以后,随着IPO重启和创业板开闸,市场中的融资活动日益活跃,证券 公司投资银行业务规模迈上一个新台阶。同时,直接投资、融资融券、股指期货以及新三板业务也 已经逐步开展,我国证券公司业务种类日渐丰富,业务及收入结构开始发生变化。 其中,直接投资业务是指证券公司利用自身的专业优势寻找并发现优质投资项目或公司,以自有 或募集资金进行股权投资,并以获取股权收益为目的的业务。在此过程中,证券公司既可以提供中 介服务并获取报酬,也可以以自有资金参与投资。根据2009年颁布的《证券公司直接投资业务试点 指引》(下简称“试点指引”)要求,证券公司开展直接投资业务试点,应当设立从事直接投资业 2

务的子公司(以下简称直投子公司),由子公司进行直接投资。截止至2011年9月,全国共有34家 证券公司获得开展直接投资业务资格并设立了直投子公司。 1.1.1中国证券公司直接投资业务发展现状 2007年9月10日,中信证券和中金公司分别获得证监会下发的《关于开展直接投资业务试点的无 异议函》,证券公司开展直接投资业务政策正式开闸。之后,中信证券出资8.31亿元成立全资直投 子公司金石投资有限公司(下简称“金石投资”),中金公司出资5,000.00万元成立全资直投子公 司中金佳成投资管理有限公司(下简称“中金佳成”),两公司成为首批获得直接投资业务试点资 格的证券公司。之后,中信证券多次向金石投资进行增资,截止至2011年10月,金石投资注册资本 为46.00亿元。此外,中金公司也曾于2009年5月、2011年1月及2011年4月对中金佳成分别增资人民 币6,000.00万元、1.00亿元及2.00亿元,增资后该公司注册资本为4.10亿元人民币。 在成立直投子公司之前,上述两公司分别曾以其他方式开展股权投资业务: (一)中国国际金融公司(下简称“中金公司”)于1995年开始开展直接投资业务,是我国最早 开展直接投资业务的证券公司。2001年,证监会发布禁止证券公司从事风险投资业务的规定,中金 公司将其直接投资业务进行拆分,与新加坡政府投资公司(GIC)、苏黎世投资集团(Capital Z)和 中国经济技术投资担保公司共同发起成立了鼎晖投资。 (二)2001年9月,中信集团和雅戈尔集团股份有限公司等45家企业法人共同投资设立深圳市中 信联合创业投资有限公司(下简称“中信联创”),注册资本7,000.00万元,经营范围为“直接投 资高新技术产业和其他技术创新产业,受托管理和经营其他创业投资公司的创业资本,为高新技术 企业提供投资咨询,直接投资或参与企业孵化器的建设”。2005年8月起,中信证券多次收购包括中 信集团在内的多位股东所持中信联创股份,截止至2008年4月,中信证券持有中信联创83.42%的股 权。2008年9月,中信证券将其所持有中信联创的全部股权转让给金石投资,之后中信联创不再从事 直接投资业务。 2008年3月27日,证监会宣布,在总结试点经验的基础上,将适度扩大试点范围,允许符合条件 的证券公司向证监会申请开展直接投资业务的试点。当年,华泰证券、国信证券、海通证券、光大 证券、申银万国及国泰君安等证券公司先后获得直接投资业务试点资格。清科研究中心统计显示, 截止至2011年9月,全国共有34家证券公司获得开展直接投资业务资格并设立了直投子公司,可用 于直接投资的资本量共计人民币239.10亿元。

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表1.1.1.1 中国证券公司开展直投业务情况(按直投子公司注册资本量排序,截止至2011年9月) 证券公司 2010年底净 资本 (RMB,亿元) 410.5 324.6 176.47 119.63 124.9 108.87 117.71 65.36 46.02 75.46 216.58 140.63 120.84 124.9 73.37 58.83 47.29 91.21 86.79 65.64 30.83 33.47 30.14 50.71 19.3 62.86 20.15 19.97 75.65 20.8 32.33 34.59 48.02 20.64 3,095.06 按2010年净资 本15%计算,可 用于直接投资资 本量 (RMB,亿元) 61.57 48.69 26.47 17.94 18.74 16.33 17.66 9.80 6.90 11.32 32.49 21.09 18.13 18.74 11.01 8.82 7.09 13.68 13.02 9.85 4.62 5.02 4.52 7.61 2.90 9.43 3.02 2.99 11.35 3.12 4.85 5.19 7.20 3.10 464.26 www.zdbchina.com

序 号

证券公司

直投子公司

直投子 公司 注册地 北京 上海 上海 广州 深圳 北京 上海 福建 深圳 深圳 南京 北京 上海 上海 湖北 深圳 北京 重庆 上海 深圳 上海 上海 江苏 北京 深圳 北京 江苏 深圳 北京 上海 四川 北京 山西 广西

注册资本

(RMB,亿元) 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 23 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 中信证券 海通证券 光大证券 广发证券 国信证券 银河证券 国元证券 兴业证券 平安证券 齐鲁证券 华泰证券 招商证券 申银万国 国泰君安 长江证券 建银投资证券 中金公司 西南证券 东方证券 安信证券 中银国际证券 东海证券 东吴证券 宏源证券 第一创业证券 方正证券 国联证券 渤海证券 中信建投证券 东莞证券 华西证券 东北证券 山西证券 国海证券 合计: 金石投资有限公司 海通开元投资有限公司 光大资本投资有限公司 广发信德投资管理有限公司 国信弘盛投资有限公司 银河创新资本管理有限公司 国元股权投资有限公司 兴业创新资本管理有限公司 平安财智投资管理有限公司 鲁证投资管理有限公司 华泰紫金投资有限责任公司 招商资本投资有限公司 申银万国投资有限公司 国泰君安创新投资有限公司 长江成长资本投资有限公司 瑞石投资管理有限责任公司 中金佳成投资管理有限公司 西证股权投资有限公司 东方证券资本投资有限公司 安信乾宏投资有限公司 中银国际投资有限责任公司 东海投资有限公司 东吴投资有限公司 宏源创新投资有限公司 第一创业投资管理有限公司 方正和生投资有限责任公司 国联通宝资本投资有限责任公 司 博正资本投资有限公司 中信建投资本管理有限公司 东证锦信投资管理有限公司 华西金智投资有限责任公司 东证融通投资管理有限公司 龙华启富投资有限公司 国海创新资本投资管理有限公 司 46.00 40.00 20.00 15.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.10 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 239.10

来源:清科研究中心2011.09

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按照“监管指引”规定,证券公司投资到直投子公司、直投基金、产业基金及基金管理机构的 金额合计不超过公司净资本的15.0%。清科研究中心对上述34家直投机构所属证券公司2010年净资 本情况进行梳理,以15.0%的比例推算,具直投业务资格的证券公司可用于股权投资的资金量约为 464.26亿人民币。由此可见,现阶段券商直投仍有逾200.00亿可用资金尚未入场,未来资金规模扩 容潜力巨大。需要注意的是,尚未入场的200.00亿资金代表着可能释放的市场潜力,但最终会有多 大比例真正投入直接投资业务,需视各公司战略发展规划等具体情况而定。例如,包括海通开元在 内的多家券商直投机构自设立以来表现积极,但投入资本量已逐渐逼近净资本15.0%这一上限;与 此同时,另有部分证券公司投入直投业务的资金量距离“15.0%”的上限仍有较大差距,但由于多 数机构开展直投业务经验尚浅,在进一步释放资金潜力之前仍需较长时间的成长。 从注册地分布来看,证券公司直投子公司主要集中在上海、北京、深圳等经济发达、股权投资发 展较快且政策扶持力度较大的地区,此外,证券公司也趋向于将直投子公司注册于公司总部所处的 地区。

表1.1.1.2 全国证券公司直投公司注册地分布(截止至2011年9月) 地域 上海 北京 深圳 江苏 福建 广东(除深圳) 广西 湖北 山东 山西 四川 重庆 总计 来源:清科研究中心2011.10 直投公司数量(家) 9 8 6 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 34 直投公司规模(亿元人民币) 90.00 71.60 27.50 10.00 7.00 15.00 1.00 5.00 6.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 239.10 www.zdbchina.com

结合证券公司直投子公司可用于直接投资的资金规模分析,34家券商直投机构中,注册资本 不足人民币5.00亿元的共有18家,数量占比为机构总数的52.9%,但18家公司注册资本只有39.10 亿元人民币,只占所有券商直投公司总规模的16.4%。与此同时,注册资本大于20.00亿元人民币 (含20.00亿元)的券商直投只有3家,注册资本总额高达106.00亿元,为券商直投公司总规模的 36.2%。

5

表1.1.1.3 全国证券公司直投公司注册规模分布(截止至2011年9月) 区间 注册资本

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