...times however, many organisations have been taking practical steps to incorporate ethical principles in the daily operations of the business in. The importance of business ethics cannot be overemphasized in the role it plays for any organisations whose objective is to continue in business for the foreseeable future. In the bid to maximize profitability, several managers have failed in their responsibility to act ethically in the conduct of their business because they have given less consideration to the ethical issues, which will have long term impact on the organisations, while focusing on short term financial considerations. Unethical behaviours do not just affect the organisation itself but also negatively affects all stakeholders of the organization – for example, giving bribe to a customer representative does not only affects the company’s reputation but also promotes the societal ill of dishonesty and lack of integrity; when a company is declared insolvent as a result of a fraud perpetrated by senior management, there is a threat to the source of livelihood of the employees of the organisation. Therefore, in order for a business to remain sustainable and relevant in the society, the role of ethics in the business conduct must not be downplayed. So What is Ethics? Ethics is a concept of human behavior which promotes the principles by which people are expected to pursue their own fulfillment without undermining the fulfillment of others. These principles are wholly based...
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... | | | |*The same course can be transferred only as 1 course. | |First Level Modules | | |ACC1006 Accounting Information Systems |International Technology Venturing | |BSP1005 Managerial Economics |TU91.2010 Managerial Economics | |MKT1003 Principles of Marketing |23A00210 Introduction to Marketing (6 ECTS)...
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...RELATION APPROACH IN ORGANISATION STUDIES 1. What is Organisation and Organisational Behaviour? Organisation is a cooperative interaction dynamic in social system with the purpose of satisfying individual needs (Barnard, 1938). This is not a sole definition about organisation, there are many other terms about organisation such as, Mintzberg (1983) Organisation is "Every organized human activity -- from the making of pots to the placing of a man on the moon -- gives rise to two fundamental and opposing requirements: The division of labor into various tasks to be performed, and the coordination of these tasks to accomplish the activity". Organisational behaviour focuses on the study of the people behaviour within the organisation (Luthans, 1995). The Organisational Behaviour commonly known as the study and understanding of individual and group behaviour, and the path of structure towards improvement of organizational performance and effectiveness (Robbins, 1998). Another term of Organisational behaviour is a major discipline towards description, understanding, and prediction of human behaviour within formal organisation. Organisational behaviour as discipline is the clear recognition that organisations make internal settings that influence the behaviour of people within it and to some point the internal condition of an organisation is influenced by the large components such as economic, politic, social, and technology which support the organisation (Owen, 1987). Based on...
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...EXPLOITS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF COMMERCE Human ResourcesManagement Student Name; Mischeck Stanley Mtonga PROGRAM ;BHRM year 3: 2nd SEMESTER MODULE: Organisation Behaviour ASSIGNMENT QUESTION; Organisation Behaviour is a multidisciplinary in nature meaning that it uses principles,models,theories and methods from other disciplines, identify these disciplines and discuss how they cotribute to organisational behaviour… LECTURER: Maneka Moyo DATE OF SUBMISSION: 15th februar 2014 Introduction; An organization is a collection of people who work together to achieve a wide variety of goals, both goals of the organization and goals of the various individuals in the organization. Organizations exist to provide services and goods that people want. These goods and services are the products of the behaviors of workers. Organizational behavior usually known as ‘OB’ is the study of the many factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations and how organizations manage their environments. Organization is somewhat defined as “Organisations comprise two or more people engaged in a systematic and coordinated effort, persistently over a period of time, in pursuit of goals which convert resources into goods and/or services which are needed by consumers” such definition implies the organization exists with the presence of people consists of diverse cultures, character, perception, intelligence and...
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...|Rifat Jahan |136 | |05 |Shayala Yesmin |160 | LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL October 30, 2010 IMRANA YASMIN Assistant Professor Dept. of Marketing University of Dhaka Subject: Letter regarding submission of Term Paper on HRM Dear Madam, It’s a great pleasure for us to have the opportunity to submit a report on ‘HUMAN RESOURE MANAGEMENT’ which had been a great experience for us to work with such a practical issue & to have the opportunity to know about the link between national culture, organizational culture, and values that determine behavior and decisions in organizations. It also helped us to know the different legal and ethical issues, different aspects of ethical conduct etc. We tried utmost to make & let it look like a professional one. Any shortcomings are expected to have a kind view for our...
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...way”. In Taylors view, if a work is analysed scientifically it will be possible to find one best way to do it. It implies application of scientific principles for studying & identifying management problems. In this, he proposed that by optimizing and simplifying jobs, productivity would increase. He also advanced the idea that workers and managers needed to cooperate with one another. This was very different from the way work was typically done in businesses beforehand. A factory manager at that time had very little contact with the workers, and he left them on their own to produce the necessary product. There was no standardization, and a worker's main motivation was often continued employment, so there was no incentive to work as quickly or as efficiently as possible. Taylor believed that all workers were motivated by money, so he promoted the idea of "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work." In other words, if a worker didn't achieve enough in a day, he didn't deserve to be paid as much as another worker who was highly productive (Taylor, 1909). Hence scientific management is a thoughtful, organized, dual approach towards the job of management against hit or miss or Rule of Thumb. Principles of Scientific Management 1. Development of Science for each part of men’s job (replacement of rule of thumb) a. This principle suggests that work assigned to any employee should be observed, analyzed with respect to each and every element and part and time involved in it...
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...The most essential characteristic of an organisation is the focus on ethical behavior. By ‘doing the right thing’ internally and externally the business can create a good working environment, whereas at the same time the surroundings and the society takes advantage. Difficult is that ethical matters are based on individual principles and ideals. Resultantly, ethical matters are not easy to put into effect and easy to overlook. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is rapidly becoming one of the principles on which modern business is built (Hancock, 2004). Areas can be identified were improvements should be made, and use it for strategies in future business plans. CSR refers to the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibilities (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2000; Swanson, 1995). The organisations are furthermore faced up to social demands for which they are likely to show responsibility for. Following the organisation can respond in different ways. The different types of responding to the social demand are obstructive, defensive, accommodative or proactive (Carroll & Gatewood, 1981). Within this essay it will be examined how these CSR principles were / are utilized in the service business McDonald’s. For evaluating the social performance of McDonald’s there will be a closer look at the ethical & discretionary responsibilities and the responses proactive & accommodative. Finally it will be examined how to improve the social responsibility of McDonald’s by using the tools code...
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...because the organisation received benefits for being socially responsible which has cost companies to have increasing commitment to implicate ethical standards. (Patrick, E 2011) To integrate the concept of corporate social responsibility, organisation creates business ethics, which includes standards, and principle known as codes of conduct to assist the behavior of people working in the company in the world of business. The stakeholders usually determine whether a specific behavior is ethical or not. (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell 2011). These codes of conducts have made a big difference in the business industry help improve overall organizational performance. Firstly, the codes of conduct along with education develop the worker’s job satisfaction and determination, aid the company’s recruiting efforts and help build strong relationships with business partners. Secondly, a lot of company leaders believe that “doing the right thing” is its own reward and has strong ethical cultural benefits. Finally in most organization, the effects of having an inspiring code has both helped workers’ towards the management approach and helps worker’s understand the values of the organisation. (The impact of codes of conduct on corporate culture.2014) A code of conduct is intended to be a main guide and reference for everyone working in the organisation to assist and support their everyday decision-making. It is also used to clarify the organisation’s mission, principles and values...
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...O RG A N I S AT I O N A L A N A LY S I S An organisation’s culture is not imposed but develops through social interaction. Critically evaluate this statement in relation to the Culture and Mechanistic perspectives. Introduction With new challenges and threats, there is a emerging need for an organisation to re-engineer or reinvent the way they do business. Today, more than ever as competition takes a global dimension, organisations needs not only to be able to adapt to its ever changing environment to survive but also rely on its core resources and competencies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage that eventually results in superiour value creation. Hence, the ultimate challenge is achieving the organizational goals effectively and efficiently through careful planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of the organisational resources. Well managed resources will lead to growth of both productivity and returns. According to Mullins (2005), applications of organisational behaviour and the effective management of human resources are dependent not only upon the nature of the industry or business, but also upon the characteristic features of the individual organisation - and its culture. Therefore, the organisation’s culture as a leadership concept has been identified as one of the many components that leaders can use to grow a dynamic company. So, what is organisational culture? Can it be imposed or developed through social interaction? We will hence answer the above...
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...phenomenon. * Very popular/ widely used term and is a purpose activity * All organisations – business/political/cultural/social are involved in management * Management helps/directs various efforts towards a definite purpose. * Directs group efforts to pre-determined organisation goals * Process of working with/through others effectively/efficiently (limited resources, equipment, time and money) = completion of organisation goals * Goals – different for every organisations (Launching products or profit increase) * Creating internal environment – management uses various factors of production. * Management responsibilty=create conditions/atmosphere – feel less burdened and enjoy work * Availability – materials, wages, formulations of rules and regulations * Good management = effective (appropriate task) efficiency (doing task right) * Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organised groups. * Art of creating an environment where people can perform and individualscan co-operate towards attainment of group goals”. * F.W. Taylor, “Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way”. Management as a Process * Series of inter - related functions. * Process which management creates/operates/directs purposive organisation through systematic/coordinated/co-operated human efforts George R. Terry, “Management...
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...to learn by asking too many questions. • Your classmates deserve your respect and support - Others may have different ideas and opinions from yours, they may ask questions you perceive to be “stupid,” but they deserve the same level of respect from you as you wish from them. • Do not, under any circumstances, indulge in clownish or disrespectful behavior whose primary purpose is to draw attention to you. LO1 Understand Organisation Purposes in Business P1.1 Identify the purposes of different types of organisations. P1.2 Describe the extent to which an organisation meets the objectives of different stakeholders. P1.3 Explain the responsibilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. CATEGORIES OF BUSINESS Think about who these businesses might be owned by and how they raised the finance and run the business. Cactus Symphony Restaurant Gadir Salon Amana Takaful-Maldives Maps College Burger King-Maldives Flyme Mazlan and Murad Law Associates Public and Private Sector Private Sector: Organisations set up for personal gain and are funded by share issued, loans, from banks etc. Public Sector: Organisations set up in the interest of the community and are funded wholly or partly by the government Types of Organization Sole Traders • Sole traders are single individuals carrying on a business on their own. • Usually small Advantages Disadvantages No formal procedures Unlimited liability Independence and self reliance Financial problems Close...
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...To what extent are people subordinated to systems and organisations in the 21st century? The purpose of the ensuing study is to critically evaluate the role played by individuals in organisations in the 21st century. The author aims to conclude the analysis with a logical and coherent explanation to the roles individuals play in organisation. Hence, for the purpose of this study, organisational life is dissected with the help of three distinct dimensions; effects of national culture on organisational culture, power and politics within organisations and psychological ownership. The study bases strong emphasis to the formulation of organisational culture and how it differs from national culture, it then moves on to specifically outline the culture of male dominated organisations and aims to address the issue of why there exists a culture of gender bias within organisations, and finally, with the help of psychological theories, the study aims to establish the outcomes of individual psychological emotions towards an organisation. With the help of the above, the study aims to reach a rationale on better understanding people and organisations by outlining the culture systems and roles played by the former in the latter. Kroebar & Kluckholm defined culture as: ‘a set of patterns, explicit and implicit, of behaviour acquired and transmitted by symbol, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artefacts; the essential core...
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...Jain 15P192 Divya Gulati 15P201 Rahul Kasera 15P221 Soumitra Joysula 15P231 Human Behaviour in Organizations Submitted to: Prof. Radha Sharma Submitted by: Group 1 Abhinav Srivastava 15P181 Ashutosh Pandey 15P191 Aviral Jain 15P192 Divya Gulati 15P201 Rahul Kasera 15P221 Soumitra Joysula 15P231 Values & Ethics in Organizations Values & Ethics in Organizations Contents 1. Background 1 2. The Concept of Ethics and Values 1 2.1. Values 1 2.2. Ethics 1 2.3. Role of Leadership in Organizational Ethics and Values formation 1 2.3.1 Moral Spill-over Effect 1 2.4. Organisational Ethics 1 2.4.1 Basic Elements of Organizational Ethics 1 3 Motivation theories for building ethical organisations 1 3.1 Stakeholder Theory 1 3.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation 1 3.3 Incentive Theory 1 3.3.1 Reinforcements in Incentive Theory 1 3.4 Operant Conditioning Theory 1 3.4.1 Modifying Operant Behaviour: Reinforcements and Punishments 1 3.4.2 Operant conditioning for changing human behaviour 1 4 Industry Practices 1 5 Values & Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Perspective 1 5.1 Considerations for Evaluating Values of another Culture 1 5.2 Comparison of business cultures between China and USA 1 6 Case Analysis 1 6.1 NAICOM may sanction operators on unethical practices in insurance 1 6.2 Unethical and unauthorized medical practice - an alarming situation 1 6.3 Analysis and Recommendations 1 7 Conclusions...
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...Unit 3: Organisations and Behaviour Learning outcomes Explore organizational structure and culture Examine different approaches to management and leadership and theories of organization Examine the relationship between motivational theories Demonstrate an understanding of working with others, teamwork, groups and group dynamics Assessment criteria 1.1 Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture 1.2 Analyse the relationship between an organisations structure and culture and the effects on business performance 1.3 Analyse the factors which influence individual behavior at work Organisations and Behaviour OB: The study of human behavior, attitudes, and performance in organizations. Value of OB: Helps people attain the competencies needed to become effective employees, team leaders/members, or managers Competency : an interrelated set of abilities, behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge needed by an individual to be effective in most professional and managerial positions Organisation Structures All businesses have to organise what they do A clear structure makes it easier to see which part of the business does what There are many ways to structure a business Types of Organisations Hierarchical Flat Tall Functional Product based Geographically based Matrix Centralisation Decentralisation Hierarchical structure Organisation employees are ranked at various levels within the organisation Each level is one above the other At each stage in the chain, one person has...
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...Responsibility Assessment Task 1 – Individual Essay . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Topic: "Imagine yourself in a situation of being encouraged to inflate your expense account. Do you think your choice would be most affected by your individual moral development or by the cultural values of the organisation for which you work? Explain" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nowadays, the current global business culture requires the making of critical decisions by employees at every level of a firm’s hierarchy. Since ethical standards are not codified, these business decisions will often involve dilemmas or disagreements that are bound to ethical or moral nature and such decision making is also essential to almost all business activities and functions that a company determines to take on. The focal point of mostly every ethical dilemma that an employee may come across in the course of daily business tasks usually includes choosing an option which will benefit the organisation (or the society) or selecting an option which will be beneficial to the individual only. Inflating expense accounts is considered as one of these difficult decisions that an employee may encounter during their career. Being in this situation, one must evaluate his individual moral development and the cultural values of the organization in...
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