...Jail and Prison Paper Tameki Reed CJA/204 05/31/11 Robert White Jail and Prison Paper When it comes to jail and prison, there is a distinctive set of differences. Jail is a place of incarceration that is locally operated, while prisons are conducted by the state government or the federal government. Within the United States, there are about 3,600 jails but there are only about 100 federal prisons or rehabilitation facilities. Jails house inmates who have been convicted of a misdemeanors and their sentence is no greater than two years. In addition, a person may be held in jail while awaiting trial, has an unpaid bond, or was recently jailed. If a person is convicted of a state crime he or she will serve their sentence in a state prison as opposed to federal crimes which lands offenders in federal prisons. A jail’s amenities are very limited because of the light sentence and short periods of time spent there. A county jail offers work release, substance abuse programs, and may provide basic necessities to inmates. Prisons also offer work release programs, vocational training, halfway houses, as well as recreational facilities. Inmates at prisons will serve decades within the facility while others have to serve lifetime sentences behind bars. A major concern of prison staff and administrators is disruptive and violent behavior. Their concerns pertain to the safety of inmates as well as employees of the prison facility. Disruptive and violent behavior is not tolerated in...
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...Prison Term Policy Recommendations Proposal CJA/314 July 20, 2015 Prison Term Policy Recommendations Proposal Robbery is a serious crime in the big cities in the United States. Nearly 500,000 thousand robberies are reported to law enforcers’ at the rate of one per minute. It is a crime of theft or larceny by taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person of persons by force or threat of focus or by putting the victim in fear. Robberies can occur almost anywhere at any time and it can be carried out by a friend, relative, or total stranger. “When a deadly weapon, such as a gun, knife, or any cutting instrument, is used or the victim suffer injury, the robbery may be charged as “armed” or “aggravated”. Unlike burglary, the crime of robbery almost always requires the presence of a victim who suffers actual injury, or is threatened with harm” (Robbery Overview, 2015). Using a dangerous weapon constitutes an aggravated factor, which makes the crime more serious than just simple robbery. However, “armed robbery is one of the most serious offenses that anyone can be charged with, and carries some of the stiffest penalties under law. By definition, if you steal someone’s property by intimidating them with the presence of a weapon, even if you only pretend to have one, you have committed armed robbery. It is the thought that you have a weapon or the actual presence of the weapon that distinguishes this crime from simple theft”...
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...Youth Justice http://yjj.sagepub.com/ Book Review: M Little and B Maughan, Effective Interventions for Children in Need, The Library of Essays in Child Welfare and Development, Ashgate, Burlington, VT, USA, 2010, £120 Hb, ISBN 978-0-74562-825-2 Declan Coogan Youth Justice 2011 11: 194 DOI: 10.1177/14732254110110020603 The online version of this article can be found at: http://yjj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/194 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Youth Justice can be found at: Email Alerts: http://yjj.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://yjj.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://yjj.sagepub.com/content/11/2/194.refs.html >> Version of Record - Jul 13, 2011 What is This? Downloaded from yjj.sagepub.com at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) on April 16, 2014 194 Youth Justice 11(2) alongside England and Wales and in so doing makes some invaluable comparisons and contrasts in light of the differing legal systems. Nonetheless, this does raise questions about the primacy accorded to the Scottish Sheriffs’ accounts in the second section of the book in light of the markedly different approach to ASBOs adopted in Scotland, especially where young people are concerned (pp. 121–125). The Sheriffs’ accounts clearly lend support to extant concerns about net-widening (cf. Squires and Stephen, 2005)...
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...Sentencing Paper Joan Hamm CJA 234 October 12, 2015 Dennis Holder Sentencing Paper An analysis of the state and federal objectives of punishment are the consequences or penalties for a crime(s) that have been committed. The punishment ensures that the offender is adequately punished for the offences they are being accused of. The implementation of punishment is to prevent the criminal behavior by deterring the offender from committing similar offences. Usually punishment applies to the offender per the crime that has been committed (Hamilton, 2014). If the accused is a repeat offender of federal crime then they go to a federal prison, for almost every other crime the offender goes to a state prison. A prison-- whether it be state or federal, main objectives is preventing and controlling criminal behavior and acts. There are seven usual punishments depending on the judge’s and/or the jury’s decision at trial (Hamilton, 2014). The minimum sentences like Intensive supervision such as: parole, house arrest, probation, etc., Rehabilitation such as: counseling, drug rehab, restitution, community service, fines, etc. On the contrary, more sever punishments include: capital punishment and incarceration. This type of sentencing is imposed as a criminal sanction by a judicial authority. Mandatory minimums, such as: the three strikes laws and sentencing guidelines require specific sentences. It is done with little consideration of personal factors as it pertains to offenders, their...
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...CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal justice assessment toolkit 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit UNITED NATIONS New York, 2006 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations, the Secretariat and Institutions of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Belgian 2006 OSCE Chairmanship concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE ..................................................................................... 1 2. OVERVIEW: GENERAL AND STATISTICAL DATA ......................................................... 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY AND PRISON SYSTEM.............................................. 5 PRISON POPULATION ........................................................................................... 6 PROFILE OF PRISON POPULATION..................................................................... 6 QUALITY OF DATA ......................................
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...the prison life, after violating rules and laws, he or she must come to terms about the journey he or she are about to take behind bars in prison. No one can save them, or do their time for them, and a majority of their freedom has been stripped from them either temporarily or permanently. Prison life deals with all walks of life and is not discriminative toward any race. In this paper I will discuss my perspective on prison life, policies I would enforce an inmate’s need for respect, changes on correctional policy, and why people commit crimes. I have learned many things about prison life. I have in fact changed my perception of what I thought prison life was like. Prison is in fact a fight for survival where the stronger inmates will abuse the weaker inmates. Not only survival from inmates, but from a few corrupted correctional officials as well. When entering prison, one must be perceived as a tough individual to avoid being abused or bullied by other inmates. In addition to other inmates, there are some correctional officers that bully and abuse certain inmates for many reasons. This also gives reason for inmates to hold a sturdy ground while incarcerated. S.D. (2003), currently, prison administrator’s house inmates together based on their desire for violence, misconduct, and escape. The idea behind this is that grouping dangerous inmates together allows prison administrators to concentrate surveillance resources on those most in need. I have learned that prison has...
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...managed, should be done in such a manner that demonstrates the skillfulness and usefulness of the product or service. Management has to create strategies for the implementation of change that would make employees comfortable and acceptable of the change. It is predictable for employees in a company or organization to be resistant to change. Doing something that is different or uncommon for any individual may cause resistance because it is unknown. This is why how change is implemented matters and how management handles the implementation is relevant to the success of the change. This paper will focus on strategies for implementing change in a Correctional facility as it related to inmate access to healthcare. The paper will describe different assessments and evaluations used to monitor the process of inmate healthcare access. Community techniques and resources will also be defined in this paper, along with additional organizational resources relative to the process, systems, personal, and professionals roles in the organization. Strategies for Changing Inmate Access to Healthcare Access to health care in the correctional institutions in Maryland are limited. Especially in the pretrial divisions of the correctional facilities there are not many opportunities or resources for inmates to receive health care other than the initial pre-screening check-up upon entering a correctional facility. Strategies have to be put in place to open up opportunities and free up resources to...
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...Estate in Britain that draws on ‘right realist’ ideas to suggest that ‘prison works’. Reflecting on the methodological, theoretical and political issues discussed in Block 3, evaluate the reliability and validity of this account. You should use your conclusion to explain why you agree or disagree with Fraser’s position. Introduction The notion that the prison institution has failed as an establishment has been gradually gaining some popularity in consideration of the recent times, especially in this ‘postmodern’ era, where society is becoming more open to the discourse and discussion of the deconstruction of our many traditional and long established components of civilization, such as our typical ‘correctional’ establishments, or prison facilities (Davis 2000). In fact, there is already what is commonly referred to as the ‘prison abolition movement’ which is a collective, but not necessarily organized, worldview that is inclined to subscribe to the belief that a society can function better without prisons, and without prisoners thus. This position is backed up by a comprehensive set of criticisms against the modern form or structure of the criminal justice mechanism, which is argued to be predominantly predisposed allow racism (Davis 2007), sexism and reinforcement of the disadvantages of being part of the lower economic class of the society. More importantly, the anti-prison discourse argues that the prison system is an ineffective and costly means of preventing crime and rehabilitating...
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...the different faces of inequality in society. These articles are Incarceration and Stratification (2010), The Mark of Criminal Record (2003) and The Black-White Test Score Gap (2004). The overarching theme that will be pointed out below is inequality face by black people in the United States. These articles show inequalities face by black people in three different landscapes: incarceration cells, employment, and education. This paper included the role of media in the proliferation of racial inequality between white and black people. Lastly, this paper also presented the missing gaps on literature and how should we address the problem of racial inequality. Summary Inequality is present in incarceration cells. Wakefield and Uggen (2010) claimed that incarceration became a powerful “engine of social inequality that plays a massive and racialized part in the contemporary stratification system” (Wakefield and Uggen, 2010, p. 388). The study conducted by Wakefield and Uggen (2010) covers the scope of imprisonment and the process of selection into prison. The authors then proceed by giving the implications of incarceration in different aspects of their lives such as education, labor market, health, family and civic life. The method used by the author is through graphs and statistics from different institutions. They looked at the percentage of the number of prisoners and or post inmates. The authors juxtaposed this with the unemployed population of the country and it shows that...
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...Prison System Comparison Patricia A. McCart CJA/234 October 18, 2010 Justin Smith Prison System Comparison Individual Assignment: Prison System Comparison Paper Prepare a 1,050 to 1,400-word paper in which you Introduction History of the state prison The state prisons today were founded on the basis of the 1700s to 1800’s during the Age of Enlightenment. The English correctional facility referred to as a “gaol,” commonly known as a jail. They housed men, women, children, the mentally ill along with the civil and criminals. The individuals suffered from idleness, diseases, despair and malnutrition. The gaols were maintained by local authorities, classification did not exist, and the purpose of gaol was to detain or hold people for court (Foster, 2003). The “Department of Corrections,” houses all adult felons throughout the state. The adult felons include those on probation as well as on parole, including juveniles who are on a work release program, in halfway house facilities, group homes, training schools, or from a special facility. The state operates jails and juvenile detention facilities holding pretrial prisoners in smaller populations and promotes “Community Corrections Act.” This approach combines state, local and private correctional agencies with a non-secure correction service. History of federal prison, (describe and analyze both systems) Prisons today are maximum security prisons. Federal prisons confining individuals convicted...
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...Rehabilitation Paper Zahra Howard CJA 234 Professor King June 14, 2014 Rehabilitation Paper Each day in the United States, the correctional system supervises over six million of its residents. Approximately two million people are in prison or jail, while four million are on probation or parole. With so many people under its control, a central policy issue is what the correctional system hopes to accomplish with those it places behind bars or on community supervision. A simple response might be that the purpose of these correctional sanctions is to punish the criminally wayward. Since the inception of the American penitentiary in the 1820s, however, corrections has embraced as an important goal the transformation of law breakers into the law-abiding that is, rehabilitation or treatment. At times, the goal of reforming offenders has been dominant; at other times, its legitimacy and usefulness have been challenged and its influence on correctional policy diminished. But even today, after a period in the late 1900s of prolonged advocacy of getting tough with criminals, rehabilitation remains an integral part of the correctional enterprise and continues to earn support among the public in the United States. To begin, probation refers to adult offenders whom courts place on supervision in the community through a probation agency, generally in lieu of incarceration. However, some jurisdictions do sentence probationers to a combined short-term incarceration sentence immediately...
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...measured by the black to white per capita incarceration rates vary from state to state, This paper will analyze the current trends and the impact incarceration has on communities of color and how criminal justice policy and practice plays a role in this. According to the Justice Department’s Bureau of Justice Statistics, out of a total population of 1,976,019 incarcerated in adult facilities, 1,239,946 or 63 percent are black or Latino, though these two groups constitute only 25 percent of the national population. Some of the greatest racial disparities in rates of incarceration happen in states in which minorities are massed in urban areas, which tend to have both higher rates of crime and greater law enforcement activity. This paper will also discuss how these incarcerations affect the offenders, public safety, criminal policies and procedures. Racial Disparities in Corrections There are many factors regarding the disproportional rates of incarceration in communities of color. Data generated by the U.S. Department of Justice predicts that if current trends continue, one out of every three black males born today will go to prison in his lifetime, as well as one of every six Latino males. The rates of incarceration for women overall are lower than for men, but similar racial/ethnic disparities still apply. Some law makers are looking at ways to develop policies and practices to reduce insupportable racial disparities in the criminal justice system, it...
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...Examining Theory Paper In this paper I am going to go with the video for social structure theory when covering the following topics. I will introduce how the video supports a social structure theory, the primary subject and content, major principles of the sociology theory addressed and social issues discussed. I am going to discuss, in the last part of this paper, what are some possible consequences for a social policy change. The video that I have chosen to do this paper on will be the “Pelican Bay State Prison: War Zone” to best fit with my beliefs of social structure theory simply the top reason for criminality evolving. In the video that I have viewed, “Pelican Bay State Prison: War Zone,” there was a great deal of information in it that supported crime evolving from a social structure theory. The prisoners in Pelican Bay State Prison set a goal to get into this prison because it is more like a reward than a punishment. The motive for the a reward of these prisoners is that only the meanest most violent prisoners who are gang leaders out of prison. These gang leaders still run the gangs, although they are in prison and are fearless. These gang leaders come from the only family that they have ever known and would give their lives for the gang. Most prisoners, gang leaders are educated only in the streets and nowhere else. In the video it speaks of how Pelican Bay State Prison is known for the thousands upon thousands of gang leaders who set a goal to end...
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...system, the largest in the world, with 2.3M people incarcerated (Prison Policy Initiative 2016) has a significant impact on many aspects of American society when viewed through the social and cultural lens including the psychological impact of incarceration, varying treatment based on race, and post-incarceration results. Based on the analysis of various positions of experts in the field, it is clear that certain policy reforms in the existing system would be beneficial for the incarcerated and the broader society. When comparing the scale of incarceration and other related metrics in the United States...
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...There are hundreds of criminal justice policies floating around. There are even policies covering policies. Policies could be covering laws that are in place or rules and regulations of the criminal justice agency. Some policies are put into place after too many incidents have occurred. Some policies protect victims, witnesses, subjects, and the officers that enforce them. Not every criminal justice policy becomes a strong policy out of the gate. A lot of them were created as some alternative solution and then gradually made its way to becoming a policy. This paper will take a peek at the California’s three-strike law. In 1993, the first three-strikes policy was adopted through a ballot initiative, and it was until 1997 that the policy was enacted. Since then approximately half of the country and the federal court system have adopted this policy. Since a lot of offenders are repeat offenders, the three-strikes law is based on an increase in sentencing severity as to reduce recidivism through incapacitation and deterrence. The idea is that the most unreformed criminals deserve the most punishing of sentences. Each of state that practices the three-strike laws only shares it in name as the laws vary from state to state. Some of the differences that are present are what each state defines as the number and types of offenses (Mallicoat & Gardiner, 2014). In California a photographer by the name of Mike Reynolds, as opposed to a policy maker, who lost his daughter in a robbery...
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