Premium Essay

Private V Public Prison

In: Other Topics

Submitted By ashcurella
Words 1405
Pages 6
Prevailing theories about human behavior, the causes of crime and ideology about how to address criminal behavior have always influenced how and why society uses prisons. Prisons are intended to meet a variety of social goals, including incapacitation, deterrence, discipline, punishment or retribution, and rehabilitation or reformation. Some have argued that public prisons are better at all of the above while most support private prisons. The term prison privatization commonly refers to the policy of contracting out the management and operation of prisons and jails to private, for-profit companies. Prison privatization is a controversial issue, with ongoing debate over the ethics of delegating the punishment function of the criminal justice system to private actors, weather private prisons cost less to operate than public facilities, and if the quality of security and conditions of confinement differ between public and private prisons. In 2005, approximately 200 private correctional facilities operated in the United States, housing a total of 107,000 inmates. Four companies provide more than 90 percent of private prison capacity. About 6 percent of all state inmates and 14 percent of federal inmates are incarcerated in privatized facilities. The idea of privatizing prisons emerged in the 1980s as a policy remedy to the problem of growing incarceration rates, severe prison overcrowding, and constraints on increasing government funding of new prison space. Public investment in new prisons climbed eightfold from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, but was at or approaching its limits in many jurisdictions due to voter rejection of construction bonds, statutory ceilings on state debt, or general taxpayer unwillingness to support increases in government spending. With privatization used as a way of reducing costs and increasing capacity in other areas of government

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Public Prisons V Private Prisons

...Written Assignment Author notes This paragraph is submitted on August 31, 2013 J106/CCJ1153 Section 05 Criminology: Motives for Criminal Deviance - 2013 Summer Quarter With the arrival of novel technologies, it has become much easier for the law enforcements agencies to combat against the organized crimes. Technology has been playing a very major, important and influential role in the elimination of crimes from our society. Technological innovations and devices such as Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras have been proven as very successful in the prevention of organized crime. Proponents of video surveillance, this system helps, prevent crime. The role of technology has played important role in the fight against crime because it is the use of computers and walkie-talkies...like for example the use of walkie-talkies for one police officer to the next and the computers that the police officers use in their squad cars to look up the offenders home address, past crimes, driver license and things of that nature. And also the use of technology is used by the F.B.I and the other big major U.S.A government facilities, with the use of their computers they can track, persons. Walk through gate is another very important technological device for preventing the crimes and organized crimes of higher level and severe intensity. The security measures include the screening of passengers and their baggage at the time of check in and boarding, but also the monitoring of movements in...

Words: 609 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

A Critical Perspective on Prison Privatization

...A Critical Perspective on Prison Privatization April 6, 2015     A Critical Perspective on Prison Privatization Topic Statement: “Is the privatization of prisons for profit an ethical practice?” The topic of a country privatizing areas of industry is far from a novel idea, especially since the rise of capitalism. With the United States being widely considered the father of capitalism, it is almost expected to see the privatization of a key component of its judicial system, prison, becoming more and more common. Although the underlying function of a prison as a means of social reform has remained constant since its inception in 1750 BCE with the Babylonian Empire, externalities are beginning to influence a change in the governing bodies of penitentiaries (Roberts, 2006). With governments and taxpayers seeing the opportunities for cost savings, countries throughout the world are beginning to employ private operating models for their penitentiaries, with the U.S. being the primary driver of this change (Trivedi, 2014). Framework of the Issue A change in the operating sovereign of a prison, from federal to private, is controversial enough that the effects of this privatization have garnered the title of the Prison-Industrial Complex. The complex is a scholarly attempt to explain the intertwining of the profit-driven agendas of private prison companies and the correlated expansion of the US inmate population. Although cost savings for the government...

Words: 3534 - Pages: 15

Free Essay

Ethics Theory

...what goes on behind that wired fence. We find that some people that are convicted of crimes that they did not commit. Some people would rather turn their heads to what actually happens in a prison institution, because they feel it is no concern of theirs. Innocent women and men face a disaster in life when they find their selves incarcerated in such facility as these. The treatment in prison facilities toward prisoners with health issues or those who develop health concerns that head officials should take control over. Prisoners receive neglect in many different ways that may end their lives. In my essay, I will share with you the life of a man in prison and the treatment that he received from correctional officers. Every prison environment makes it hard to assure minimal standards for ethical research and voluntary informed consent and privacy. Privacy for those who are in these facilities has many concerns to family members who are looking in from the outside. Health issues and concerns for inmates and neglect that occurs in correctional facilities have been concerns that continue to go unnoticed. The state seems to under staff in some areas of managing inmate’s health problems. There are many who may go unattended of their health issues causing drastic or even death in the process. A prison system update yearly would help to protect prisoners and their health issues. Denying them access to medical attention is also unethical as this can result in a death. This could have been...

Words: 1642 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Privatization

... DIF~ERENT SET OF PROBLEMS FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS. THE GOAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR IS TO RUN HIS/HER AGENCY AS EFFICIENTLY AS ) .' ''I ,J• . 1 , POSSIBLE. BUT IN TIMES OF FISCAL CONSTRAINlj PRIVATIZATION IS SEEN AS A SOLUTION TO BUDGETARY PROBLEMS. AS WITH ALL ISSUES THERE ARE TWO SIDES. PROPONENTS OF PRIVATIZATION FEEL THAT THE PRIVATE SECTOR CAN DELIVER THE SAME SERVICES THAT GOVERNMENT CURRENTLY PROVIDES FOR LESS MONEY, BETTER QUALITY AND WITH MORE VERSATILITY. ON THE OTHER HAND, OPPONENTS FEEL THAT PRIVATIZATION REDUCES THE QUALITY OF SERVICES, LEADS TO THE DESTRUCTION OF PUBLIC EMPLOYEE UNIONS AND CORRUPTION AND IN THE PROCESS WEAKENS GOVERNMENT J CONTROL OF THESE SERVICES THAT ARE CONSIDERED ESSENTIAL TO THE PUBLIC. THESE OPPONENTS FEEL THAT IF THE PRIVATE SECTOR COULD HAVE DONE THESE JOBS AT A REASONABLE COST IN THE FIRST PLACE GOVERNMENT WOULD NOT HAVE HAD TO PROVIDE THEM AT ALL. PROPONENTS FEEL IT IS THE FACT THAT GOVERNMENT HAS GOTTEN SO BIG THAT THEY CAN NO LONGER PROVIDE THE SERVICE AT A RATE LOWER THAN THEIR PRIVATE COUNTERPARTS AND THAT HAS GIVEN BIRTH TO A VARIETY OF PRIVATE CONTRACTORS WILLING TO PROVIDE THESE SERVICES AT MORE COMPETITIVE PRICES. GOVERNMENT HAS HAD A 2 MONOPOLY ON THE SERVICE AND NO ONE ELSE HAS BEEN ALLOWED TO PROVIDE THE SERVICE, WHICH HAS LED TO HIGHER COSTS. TO UNDERSTAND THE ISSUE OF PRIVATIZATION IT MUST FIRST BE DEFINED. PRIVATIZATION IS A SHIFT FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE J PRODUCTION. THIS PAPER WILL...

Words: 3092 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

False Imprisonment as a Tort

......... 9 Chapter 3: INGREDIENTS OF TORT OF FALSE IMPRISONMENT ............................................................................. 15 Chapter 4: REMEDIES ..................................................................... 17 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION ............................................................... 20 Chapter 6: BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................... 22 1 haripriya91@gmail.com HARI PRIYA NALSAR TABLE OF CASES: A. K. Gopalan v. State of Madras .................................................................... 10 Altken vs Badwell (1827) Mood & M 68 ........................................................... 8 Bheema vs Chapman (1848) 8 MHC 38............................................................. 8 Bhim Singh vs State of Jammu & Kashmir ...................................................... 13 Cobbet v. Gray (1852) 4 EX 729 ..................................................................... 10 D.K. Basu v. State of West...

Words: 5441 - Pages: 22

Premium Essay

Ethical Issues Research Paper

...Ethical Issues Research Paper Sherrill Jones AJS/532 Cristina Payne August 3, 2015 Ethical Issues Research Paper In the field of criminal justice, ethics is an integral part of the organization. The public relies on its police agencies to provide protection and maintain order in the community. It is also about a matter of trust the community places with its law enforcement agencies with regards to ethical behavior. This research paper will analyze the contemporary issues involving ethical behavior by criminal justice personnel, the decisions that govern its ethics, and recommendations. Contemporary Issues Laws and expectations change with each passing year; decisions vary with the times and public opinion. The stated goal for all is fairness combined with efficiency within the private and criminal justice systems. Justice should be obtained with equal actions regarding the constitutional rights that are afforded to all citizens including previously convicted offenders and the issue of public safety. The main concern is fairness, efficiency and just plain effectiveness. It becomes an issue when one tries to determine how effective these policies are and how much trust can be found within these findings due to personal bias and effectiveness of the figures presented. The setting up of the measurement system and how much weight this system carries for performance expectations is critical. The problem of what changes should or can be made to resolve the...

Words: 2541 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Human Rights

...also requires the state to protect your right to life by having in place proper and adequate criminal sanctions to punish those who take your life intentionally. Failure by the state to properly investigate a suspected murder, or to prosecute the suspected murderer, may amount to a breach of the right to life of the victim.  In certain limited cases, Article 2 may impose a duty on the state to take positive steps to protect your life where it is being threatened. So where there is an environmental hazard that poses a very high risk to the life of the people living nearby, the state may have a duty to provide information about that hazard to enable the people to take steps to protect themselves and their families. In the case of Osman v UK, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) found that the police were under an obligation to take reasonable steps to protect the life of the claimant as there was a real and immediate risk to his life, and the police were aware of this risk. Article 3 No torture, inhuman or degrading treatment The prohibition on torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is one of the most important provisions in the Human Rights...

Words: 1967 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Essay On Importance Of Law

...break the law, you need to be punished either by fine or go to prison. English law has been in existences for a very long time nearly a millennium year. Before the Norman Conquest, different area of England is governed by their own set of laws which is different with other state or area. After Noman Conquest during year 1066, William the conqueror, forms a strong central government and standardize the law and applies to all over the England. In the English legal system, we can distinguish law into two, which are public law and private law. Public law concerns about the relationship between the states and citizens. It contains of constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law. On the other hand, private law or known as the civil law concerns about the private...

Words: 820 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Against Mandatory Minimums

...Due to public outcry, however, 29 states have recently begun to roll back Mandatory Minimum laws, while others have given judges more discrepancy in sentencing times. In addition, the Federal Government has shrunk the severity and overarching reach of Mandatory Minimums in sentencing. These positive changes, though, are not retroactive, and inmates like Weldon Angelos require presidential pardons for premature release. Activists lobby lawmakers to fix the epidemic by proposing the repealing of Mandatory Minimums, pardoning or granting parole to many victims of Mandatory Sentencing lengths, and retroactively releasing people sentenced by Mandatory Minimums (Looman 188). They argue Mandatory Minimum Sentencing’s racist undertones pervade the...

Words: 453 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Changes in Corrections

...those practiced in England. Up until the 1780s, punishment by imprisonment was unknown in Europe or the European colonies. Punishments for criminal behavior tended to be public events which were designed to shame the person and deter others; these included the ducking stool, the pillory, whipping, branding, mutilations and the stocks (woodfin.org 2013). Corporal punishment was inflicted almost exclusively on the lower classes, since the rich were usually able to pay fines instead. At the time the sentence for many other offences was death. Colonialists never considered the possibility of rehabilitation; their aim was to frighten the offender into law abiding behavior. Unlike today where prisons are viewed as instruments of punishment, this has not always been the case. The common jail dates back hundreds of years, but was used solely as a means of detention, a temporary place for the prisoner until acquitted, fined, or subjected to corporal punishment (Schamalleger, F. 2010). Pennsylvania was determined to be different from other colonies. Founder William Penn brought his Quaker values to the new colony, relying on imprisonment with hard labor and fines as the treatment for most crimes, while death remained the penalty only for murder. In 1790 Philadelphia’s Walnut Street Jail became the first prison by the Pennsylvania Quakers. In the Penitentiary Era, which lasted from 1790 to 1825, prisoners were housed in penitentiaries, where they were supposed to do penance and be...

Words: 3118 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Sexual Revolution

...Sexual Revolution Evolution Intimacy is not free in the modern world. Political change, social change, systems of oppression, and globalization all contribute to the shape and to the limit of people’s intimate lives. The oppressive regulation of marriage and sexuality by states and cultures can really affect intimacy and incite sexual revolutions. In feminist studies Professor Leila Rupp’s lecture, Tickell and Peck were cited as defining globalization as a notion based on an increasingly borderless market, where market rules and competitive logics predominate. In another lecture, Rupp stated that sexual revolutions are linked to and caused by: globalization, economic forces, technology and culture. Rupp expresses that many changes in behavior and attitude have been related to these factors. Many sexual revolutions according to Rupp are caused by resistance to oppressive governmental and cultural regulation of sexuality and the diverse ways that people, both individually and collectively, resist regulation and bring about change. People are agents and resist individually and collectively the perils of oppression. Two sexual revolutions addressed were that that took place in the United States in the 1910’s and the 1960’s. Gender roles were extremely limiting and constricting especially from the perspective of many females. Females were limited to household jobs and conservative dress in addition to their overall conservative behavior. On top of women’s restrictions behaviorally...

Words: 983 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

400-600 Words, Discuss Tim's Question: Does It Make Sense for Apex to Attain Full Compliance with Sox? Why or Why Not

...pros and cons of going public or stay private, first of all we have to understand what section 302 of SOX is requiring of the CEO and CFO Section 302 of SOX requires that a company's CEO and CFO be personally responsible for accurately reporting all materials in respect to their company's financial health and stability. Additionally, Section 302 states that the company's CEO and CFO certify that all of the proper "disclosure controls and procedures" are in place within the internal accounting functions of the business to guarantee the accuracy and timeliness in the company's financial reports released to investors and the public. Section 302 goes on to state that any willful signing of these certifications by a CEO or CFO who knows they are not accurate will result in fines up to $5 million dollars and up to 20 years in prison (Cohen & Brodsky, 2004) Pros for Apex: • Meeting 302 SOX requirements opens the door for Apex to go public and obtain much needed capital from outside investors should those investors choose to take a chance on Apex and place their money in their stock. • By receiving additional funds, Apex can pursue moving into the food production markets and have a shot at greatly increasing their market share and earnings as they move through new ventures. Cons for Apex: • In order for Apex to meet SOX 302 compliance, the company's directors and officers (D&O) insurance policies will likely increase substantially. According to research of public companies meeting 302...

Words: 688 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Administrative Regulations

...created to protect our rights as citizens from domestic and international threat and harm. My proposed regulation of interest, “National Standards To Prevent, Detect, and Respond to Prison Rape “ is a compilation of recommendations prepared in April 2010 by the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission (PREA) and presented to the Department of Justice in pursuant to the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003. It’s important that people who care about our basic human rights as a whole not forget about those who are having these rights violated when serving their prison time in a correctional institution behind bars. Despite the person’s crime, their rights can’t be taken away and sadly, in some circumstances and environments we have to remind others that these rights remain active and lack enforcement. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, “among inmates who reported inmate-on-inmate sexual victimization, 13% of male prison inmates and 19% of male jail inmates said they were victimized within the first 24 hours after admission, compared to 4% of female inmates in prison and jail”. Sadly, it is the resistance to culture change by correctional staff and inmates alike that presents the greatest challenge. It is the belief that convicted felons serving time deserve a hard punishing prison life, as if to say that serving the time sentenced is not enough. In addition, society as a whole continues to punish these individuals even after serving time or paying their debt...

Words: 1658 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Ertetg

...Public Schools for Refugees THM: Bhutanese refugees cannot afford private schools. They need free public schools. Intro: During early 1800s, Bhutan needed more population for economic reasons. At that time, a lot Nepalese migrated to Bhutan for a better life. My ancestors we one of the first one that reached there. After a couple of years, this group of people had their own house and beds of roses. Usually, Nepalese were Hindus back then. After a hundred and sixty years there was a political and religious uprising, Bhutan started having problems with the Nepalese. Almost every Nepalese were kicked out of Bhutan. It was a brutal act that my parents faced. Many were jailed for not agreeing and some were killed. My grandfather was killed during this time for not wanting to leave Bhutan. Their houses were taken and were deported to Nepal, 150 miles from India, in a big forest. Out Of those few breaths left, I was born. They were dropped off in the forest with no food to eat and a place to stay. They built their little bamboo houses there and managed to live. Until this day, there are no public schools in the refugee get camps and young people like me do not go to school because they cannot afford private schools. This is why they need free public schools. TS; Victor Hugo once said, he who opens a school door, closes a prison (n.d.). Schools are good for social skills (Yuting 2010). 1. People can interact 2. Make friends 3. Learn new things TS:...

Words: 462 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Introduction to Information Technology

...are paid less than men, in general c. Evolution in law i. Common law (blackstone): women lost their identity after marriage (merged with husband) & considered inferior to men (acted under husband) - Result: Tenants in the entirety or joint accounts > assumed man put in all the $ (women has BOP to prove otherwise) ii. After 14th amendment > women began to feel that they should have rights as well B. 19th Century: 2 sphere ideology where women queen of home & men marketplace people > no = protection because genders seperaet 1) Privileges and Immunities Clause of the 14th amendment - a. Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) i. FACTS: Bradwell and her husband ran the most influential legal paper in the Midwest & she wanted a license to practice law > was denied to her on the basis of the fact that she was a woman ii. CLAIM: P & I Clause gives the right to earn a living to all American citizens iii. NOTE: EPC not really used for these arguments because men and women were so separately situated iv. HELD: claim was denied (cited Slaughterhouse cases 1872 which...

Words: 8179 - Pages: 33