...mental illness lies in the assumed need for the offender to recognize the danger and undesirability of his criminal behavior and make a significant effort to renounce it. The treatment model does not "remove" criminal behavior, as surgery might remove a malignancy or chemotherapy extinguish an infection; rather the "patient" or inmate is made to see the rewards of socially acceptable behavior and encouraged to adopt it as a mode of conduct for himself. (1) Contrary to some popular misconceptions, the treatment ideology does not mean that inmates are "coddled" and permitted to do as they please within an institution. ______________________________ (1) Sanford Bates, "The Establishment and Early Years of the Federal Probation System," Federal Probation 51 June 1987, p : 4-9. - National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals, A National Strategy to Reduce Crime, Washington , U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973p: 121. In fact, some form of treatment ideology can permeate the most restrictive and security-oriented institution . The major difference between the treatment and punishment ideologies is that in the former the inmate is assigned to a correctional...
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...someone would be able to assist me. Soon, someone escorted me into the court room. I looked around and tried to get familiar with the surrounding seeing as how this was my first time being in a court room. I quickly learned that the docket schedule to be heard were criminal and traffic cases. There were a few people waiting on the bench-seats, some by themselves and others with their attorneys and a few people sitting in the jury box with dark blue jail uniforms on. I took my seat, adjusted my eyes and ears, and began to feverishly take notes. The case to be heard by the judge was People V. Ms. X. Ms. X was a small girl with long blonde and pink hair, hardly someone you would expect to face a judge in a prisoner jumpsuit. She was on probation for a multitude of offenses including a possession of a controlled substance and domestic violence charges. She admitted to a long time struggle with substance abuse, particularly Vicodin. She...
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...Adult Probation The Cook County Adult Probation Department was established in 1911. It is the largest probation agency in Illinois and the largest probation agency int he United States. The department is accredited by the American Correctional Association. The department operates under the Office of the Chief Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County and administers a wide range of programs covering both standard and specialized probation supervision and pretrial and pre-sentence services. It operates out of 18 office locations and has approximately 670 employees. Each year the probations complete approximately 120,000 hours of community service. The Adult Probation Department receives nearly 18,000 new probation supervision cases annually and has an active caseload of more than 25,000 probationers, 90% of whom have been sentenced for felony offenses. Eighty-eight percent of probationers are assigned to standard caseload supervision, while 12% are supervised in specialized programs designed for specific offender populations. Probation is a criminal sentence which allows defendants to remain in the community in lieu of incarceration. It is the most frequently used sentencing option. Nearly two-thirds of all convicted offenders are sentenced to probation. While on probation, offenders must comply with strict conditions that create opportunities and encourages them to become responsible, productive and law-abiding members of the community. The probation departments...
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...In order to study the past, present and future implications of the probation and parole system, I had to study the history of both. I will begin with the history of probation and then talk about the history of parole. I will also talk about how probation and parole work in the present and how and what will happen to both probation and parole in the future. Probation comes from the Latin verb probare which means to prove, to rest. Probation was first introduced to the United States in 1841 when a boot-maker by the name of John Augustus attended court to bail out a drunkard. This offender was released to the custody of Mr. Augustus making him the first true probation officer, the offender was told to return to court in three weeks time for sentencing. During the time the offender was in the custody of Mr. Augustus he cleaned up his appearance and demeanor. Mr. Augustus had the belief that abusers of alcohol could be rehabilitated through the use of understanding, kindness, and sustained moral suasion not convictions and jail sentences. His beliefs were based on his affiliation with the Washington Total Abstinence Society, they abstained from alcohol. Augustus was a volunteer probation officer for 18 years. He began the practice of evaluating the prospective probationers paying close attention to whether the candidate would prove to be a successful candidate for probation. Things that were considered in a successful candidate were the character, age, and influences...
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...Probation: A Crime Control Policy Yarahi Reinaldo Florida International University April 17, 2011 Abstract Probation is one of the alternative responses for prison overcrowding, and it is the primary prosecutorial instrument in the war of drugs. It is an agency that plays two roles in the criminal justice system: it works as a law enforcement agency (protecting the society) and it provides social service (offering rehabilitation for minor offenders who pose minimal risks to public safety). The state department of corrections is in charge of probation when this is fulfilling its executive function. On the other side, the local courts or the state judiciary is responsible for probation officers when it plays its judicial role. Probation’s law enforcement function belongs to the executive branch and its social role fit into the judiciary branch (probation officers bound by the will of the court). Probation, as an alternative to incarceration, is one of the most frequent sentences used in United States. It brings benefits to the individual and the government. The offender receives a sentence while not staying in prison, and the government saves money on not sending the offender to incarceration. Juvenile offenders occupy a decent number on the probation system. More than half of juveniles who receive a juvenile court sanction are placed on probation (Worrall, 2008). This could have the explanation that our criminal justice system is more dependent on...
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...Adult Probation The Cook County Adult Probation Department was established in 1911. It is the largest probation agency in Illinois and the largest probation agency int he United States. The department is accredited by the American Correctional Association. The department operates under the Office of the Chief Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County and administers a wide range of programs covering both standard and specialized probation supervision and pretrial and pre-sentence services. It operates out of 18 office locations and has approximately 670 employees. Each year the probations complete approximately 120,000 hours of community service. The Adult Probation Department receives nearly 18,000 new probation supervision cases annually and has an active caseload of more than 25,000 probationers, 90% of whom have been sentenced for felony offenses. Eighty-eight percent of probationers are assigned to standard caseload supervision, while 12% are supervised in specialized programs designed for specific offender populations. Probation is a criminal sentence which allows defendants to remain in the community in lieu of incarceration. It is the most frequently used sentencing option. Nearly two-thirds of all convicted offenders are sentenced to probation. While on probation, offenders must comply with strict conditions that create opportunities and encourages them to become responsible, productive and law-abiding members of the community. The probation departments...
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...PROBATIONER IN THE EYES OF LAW E. M. RAO Senior Manager – Corporate Industrial Relations IDL Chemicals Ltd., Hyderabad INTRODUCTION Probation is a period of time during which a person is put to test or trial, for a final assessment of his fitness or otherwise for the post to which he/she is appointed. As per the traditional view, it conferred an inalienable right on the employer to dispense with the services of a probationer at any time during the period of probation without assigning any reason and without notice or compensation in lieu of notice. This right of the employer was considered absolute throughout the period of probation and there was no relief for the probationers in the event of termination before the expiry of he period of probation. This traditional understanding prompted the employers to frame the Standing Orders and the individual contracts of employment in this regard. This customary view, however, no longer holds good. STATUS OF THE PROBATIONER Before the expiry of Probation The Supreme Court in the famous case of Express Newspapers Lid. v. Labour Court,2 held that without anything more an appointment on probation for six months gives the employer no right to terminate the services of an employee before six months had expired except on the ground of misconduct or other sufficient reasons in which case even the services of a permanent workman could be terminated. At the end of six-month period, the employer can either confirm him or terminate...
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...CRM-260 Mrs. Patterson 1/5/13 Courtroom observation The purpose of this paper is to show what I observed throughout the three hours that I spent in the Green County judicial courtroom number V. This was the first time that I had ever been in any courthouse and I felt like I was entering an airport terminal when I had to go through security in order to enter the building. When I first arrived the judge was not in the courtroom and we had to wait around twenty minutes for him to enter, when he finally arrived we all stood as he entered and the sentencing for the case of State vs. Raymond was under way. In this case the prosecutor was seeking a twelve year prison sentence for the defendant. the defendant, Raymond was being brought up on charges for meth use and violating parole ten times. The defense attorney wanted a 100 to 120 day in-patient treatment sentence. His defense was that he had been conviction free for the last three years, in last few months he had paid quote “ several thousands of dollars in child support,” and lastly he has lately been focusing on his family more. I thought the reasons that the defense stated were not adequate enough to receive a 100 to 120 day in-patient treatment, and neither did the state. When it was the states turn to prove that his actions were in fact worthy of a twelve year prison sentence, it was a much more convincing argument. The main points that the prosecutor hit on where: he failed to find employment, failed to meet...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research DocumentsThe Research Paper Factory"">JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers"">Home Page » Business and Management Court Observation In: Business and Management Court Observation Court Observation On Monday I visited the District Court. This was my second attempt at visiting a court room; on my first trip I was told the judge did not have a docket for that day. A docket is defined as a calendar of cases awaiting action in a court. Jurisdiction is what gives the courts the power to hear and apply the law to certain types of cases. District Court has original jurisdiction for the following actions; all Traffic and Ordinance violations, all criminal misdemeanors, preliminary exams on felonies, small claims suits, civil lawsuits (amounts up to $25,000), and all contract disputes between tenants and landlords. When I arrived there were a lot of people waiting and I noticed signs posted on the court room doors that stated "Do not to enter until your name is called". Although I know court rooms are generally open to the public, I did not want to be intrusive so I waited patiently in the Traffic/Cashier line hoping someone would be able to assist me. Soon, someone escorted me into the court room. I looked around and tried to get familiar with the surrounding seeing as how this was my first time being in a court room. I quickly learned that the docket schedule to be heard were criminal and traffic cases. There were...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report December 1997, NCJ-164267 Characteristics of Adults on Probation, 1995 By Thomas P. Bonczar BJS Statistician On December 31, 1996, State and local probation agencies supervised more than 3 million adult U.S. residents or about 1 in every 62 persons age 18 or older. Since 1990 the Nation's probation population has grown an average of 3% per year. Probationers account for the largest share of adults under correctional supervision (58%), including persons held in jails and prisons and those on parole. Results from the first national survey of adults on probation under the supervision of State and local agencies indicate that 58% had been convicted of a felony; 39% of a misdemeanor, and 3% of other infractions. When the survey was conducted at the beginning of 1995, more than 453,000 adults were on probation for a violent offense; 757,000 for a property offense; 561,000 for a drug offense; and 815,000 for a public-order offense. Using a nationally representative sample, a two-part survey was conducted to collect detailed information on adults on probation. Results from a sample of 5,867 administrative records are presented here. Data from personal interviews with probationers will be the subject of a future report. Highlights Percent of adults on probation MisdeTotal Felony meanor Total Offense Violent Property Drug Public-order 100 % 100 % 100 % 17.3% 28.9 21...
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...a motto can influence people with different personality in different ways. In this movie, this motto had lead Jerry to become a money advocate person. As a service provider, he did not give his best services to the cruise but he chose to serve only those who were capable and willing to give tips but critic other customers who doesn’t give him tips is not ethnical. His attitude cannot be accepted in the workplace and therefore his manager did not continue his contract after his probationary period. Compare Jerry to Gordon Gekko, Jerry is an impulse person and he doesn’t know how to plan his future well. His self-centered and ego personality had brought him to the failure. He was failed to continue working in cruise after the probation period. But Gordon, he always got a plan for his next steps. Gordon Gekko’s motto “Money never sleeps” means money never rests meaning to say that we can make money at any time once we know the way of earning money. After he was caught in jail, the money that he earned still belongs to him after he was out of jail although with some dirty...
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...Some Basics about Gratuity: * Gratuity Act is applicable to all establishments, where number of employees, are 10 or more in any day of the preceding 12 months. . * Charitable institutes and hospital are also covered under the act. * It includes both commercial and non commercial establishment like educational institutes etc. * Only Basic and Dearness allowance should be considered as wages for the purpose of Gratuity. * Gratuity payment formula: Example: If an employee leave company after 10 years and his last Basic + Dearness allowance is 10000 then his gratuity will be paid as per following formula. (10000/26)*15* 10 Please note that above formula will remain same irrespective of employee working in 5 days a week establishment. FAQ 1: Can an employee claim Gratuity even before completion of 5 years? Yes, An employee can claim gratuity even before completion of 5 years in followings cases: * Death (to his nominees) * Disablement But the quantum of gratuity will be as per act. FAQ 2: Can employer forfeit Gratuity, even if employee has completed 5 years? Yes, employer can forfeit gratuity even if employee has completed 5 years in following cases: * If the services of such employee have been terminated for his riotous or disorderly conduct or any other act of violence on his part, or * If the service of such employee have been terminated for any act which constitutes an offense involving moral turpitude, provided...
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...Ltd. Mumbai Pune Road, Pune (MH), India Email: contactus@rolandindia,com www.roland.co.in Reference Date: Dear Sir/Madam, SUB: APPOINTMENT AS…. Welcome to our company. With reference to your application for the captioned post and subsequent test and interview, we are pleased to inform you that you have been selected for the post of Marketing Executive in the FMCG department of the company on the following terms and conditions: Date of Appointment You will be appointed as a Marketing Executive with effect from 6th of March, 2010. Probation Period The probation period will be six months. However, after the said period, it can be extended at the discretion of the company for a further period of next six months. Salary during Probation During the probation period, you will be entitled to fixed salary of US $ 1000 per month. Appointment after Expiry of Probation Period (in case found suitable) After the expiry of probation period, if you are found suitable by the company for the same post or a different post, you will be confirmed in your appointment on a salary of US $ 1800 according to the scale of Marketing Executive as per US Bureau of Labour Statistics, plus other incentives, allowances and contributory provident fund. If you are not found suitable for the post, your appointment might get terminated at the discreetness of the company and in case of such termination you will have no right or claim against the company. Standing Orders You shall abide by the...
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...Number of working hours- 9-5 Saturday 9-1 Probation- probation is of three months, within which employee performance is regularly monitored and evaluated. Incase the employee is not upto the mark he is not recommended for confirmation. In some cases task assigned to the employee is of more than three months only then probation oeriod may be extended. After probation period the only difference is that the employee becomes eligible for gratuity We don’t believe in working over time, employees that are efficient they don’t work overtime. Only for security people an extra premium is paid for overtime, factory workers work on a piece rate base. Annual leave is based on calendar days. Yes we have annual leave encashment policy, we encash 14 leaves annually. We don’t carry forward annual leaves. No we do not provide vacation bonus to our employees. We do not expect any staff reductions in the year 2013, actually we want to increase our staff in order to compete with bata and servis. Hush puppies has approximately only 1.5 percent share of the footwear market, which we want to increase as we are achieving 25 % growth in sales quarterly on our stores. No we don’t have a involuntary separation policy, as we do not fire employees, we aim to screen out incompatible employees during the probation stage. No we don’t have a severance pay policy. No there is no early retirement policy at firhaj, the retirement age is 60. We do not provide provident fund We provide gratuity. Any...
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