...Introduction PBL (Problem-based learning) is a student-centered education based on real-world application. It was pioneered by Howard Barrows, an American professor of neurology, in the medical school program at McMaster University in Canada in 1969. It emphasized on setting studies into complex and significant problem scenarios through the cooperation of students to solve real problems. PBL aims to discover the hidden scientific facts behind the issues and to improve the problem-solving skills and independent learning abilities. The fundamental aspects contained in the implementation of PBL process include assembling a team, getting a new problem, follow-up activities, activity reporting, and reflection after the whole process is done (Delisle, 1997). After the emergence of the PBL pedagogy, it was propagated and improved in more than 60 medical schools, from the original field of medical education to other areas of education, from training graduate students to the area of primary school, secondary and university education (Delisle, 1997). Currently, a survey indicated that there are 130 medical schools in North America that had introduced or prepared to launch the PBL pedagogy, which accounts for 86.2% of the institutions surveyed (Barell, 2006). It is clear that the PBL pedagogy has been accepted in North America. The basic elements of the PBL are as follows: 1. Initially, a ‘problem’ is used as a starting-point for learning. Then, the whole learning content is based on the ‘problem’...
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...Group Dynamics The purpose of this assignment is to reflect upon an event that occurred within the Problem Based Learning (PBL) group. I will therefore, aim to discuss theories on group work as well as whether any of these theories actually applied to my own personal experience. By doing this will enable me to identify how effective my role may possibly have been within the group, furthermore, how I may be able to improve my individual skills for the future. In order to be able to do this successfully I am required to use the Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988). The group that I was a part of consisted of six people, all of whom were from a mix of three different pathways, these included nursing, social workers and occupational therapists. The aim of which, was that we should learn to interact inter-professionally as part of a team. Therefore, the scenario that I plan to focus my assignment around was an incident that occurred at the end of the first five weeks, when we were deemed able to present our findings as a group on our first trigger. Consequently, it was decided that we would each present our respective areas of research in relation to the trigger, showing that all aspects had been covered. Therefore, each member of the group had a chosen topic to find out information on, and to prepare it ready for presentation. When we first started as a group for this module, a leader was chosen, as a result we as a group had decided that if anyone were unable to make it in...
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...APEC- The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum established in 1989 to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific. APEC's 21 members aim to create greater prosperity for the people of the region by promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable, innovative and secure growth and by accelerating regional economic integration. GLOBALIZATION- The worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration. Globalization implies the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interconnected and interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers. However, it does not include unhindered movement of labor and, as suggested by some economists, may hurt smaller or fragile economies if applied indiscriminately. ECONOMICS- Economics is the study of the production and consumption of goods and the transfer of wealth to produce and obtain those goods. Economics explains how people interact within markets to get what they want or accomplish certain goals. Since economics is a driving force of human interaction, studying it often reveals why people and governments behave in particular ways. OPEN BORDERS- An open border is a border that enables free movement of people between different jurisdictions with limited or no restrictions on movement. A border may be an open border due to intentional legislation allowing free movement of people across...
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...PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING DISCOVERY JOURNAL Subject : ____________________________ Problem Name : _____________________ Class : ______________________________ PBL Team : _________________________ Your Name : ________________________ Date : ______________________________ Facilitator’s comments : Grade : This journal, consisting of 2 parts, is to be completed by each and every student. Part 1: As this is an individual journal, you are required to submit materials and information you have found pertaining to your assigned learning issue(s). These would serve as evidences of your effort in this problem, your research skills as well as your learning. Sources of your research (e.g. titles and authors of books, URLs of web-site, including the specific page of topic reseached, , etc) should be mentioned. Use the following referencing style for (a) Website e.g. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization [Accessed 14 Oct 2001]. (b) Book e.g. Hoyle, E. (1986), The Politics of School Management. London : Hodder & Stoughton, pg. 20-22. My sources of research are: Rev 3.1/2008 Page 1 Part 2: After going through your research materials, check with your facilitator on the scope of your topic by showing him/her your findings before you prepare your notes. Summarise your findings and present them in a way which can help your peers understand your topic better. Be clear, specific and where possible include pictures, diagrams, graphs, demonstrations to help make...
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...What are your overall thoughts on PBL? Overall thoughts on problem-based learning seem to be very straight forward, in my opinion. The three phases provide a straight forward step by step approach of solving issues while also thinking in depth instead of jumping to conclusions. This will help in the sense of pushing the mind to think beyond the obvious. It is easy to think of a quick solution but generally the outcome is not thought of or even works as expected. Choices of solutions are very much needed regardless of the issue because it takes a great amount of time and sometimes money to come to a solution. Depending on the resources available some may cost money and some are simply straight from the internet anymore but they are to be reliable resources to be of any use. PBL also suggests the open communication between all parties involved which includes sharing of information that has been found. This is an important step in any problem or project that occurs and it should not be taken as if it is a secret that should not be shared. Communication helps the process especially when it comes to problem solving. The third phase of Resolving the Problem points out a step of presenting and justifying the solution. There are many ideas but does it justify the chosen solution. This is an important step because all of the work that has been done could result in a waste of time if the solution cannot be justified. What ideas and plans do you have about approaching...
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...Problem statement using the PBL model Urooj Hassan Mngt 521 March 23, 2010 Douglas Threat After just nine months into my new job at Cisco, I was informed by my manager that there is department realignment and I was going to be sent to the front end team in four weeks. This decision was made without my input or knowledge and came as a shock to me. I was not very happy and did not know how to react at the moment once informed at five pm of Friday evening. I asked few questions in regards to how quickly this transition was going to happen and how to handle my current projects and work I had. My problem was that I was going to be placed involuntarily in a position, which I have no experience and similarity with my current role. I was fairly new in my current position and now in middle of fiscal year they are throwing me to the wolves with out any financial or supportive incentive After the weekend to think about the situation with a more calm mind, I started to consider the pro and cons. Hence, I realized this transition may end up resulting too many positive opportunities that I would not be exposed to in my current position. At this point I had few alternatives, rejecting the move and risking my job. Accept the move, and just do my job and not be happy. Finally, I can start familiarizing myself in the new department to make my transition more smooth and comfortable. There were many challenges I would have to deal with. The main was balancing my current...
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...Introduction Science education encompasses a significant part of a child’s formal and informal education. In order to solve everyday problems, children consciously or unconsciously engage in scientific thinking and analysis of situations. This scientific approach to solving everyday problems needs to be encouraged and developed in a formal educational setting where teachers continuously change and organize curriculum and instruction to meet the needs of their children (Poon, Tan & Tan, 2009). The best environment that fosters and develops structured scientific analytical thinking is the school, where the child spends the major section of his/her day when he/she is away from home. It is within the school environment that formal learning takes place. Acceptable attitudes and values which the child inculcates are transmitted by the teacher who is specifically trained to teach at given levels. The training of the teacher in the use of the most effective methods of teaching is therefore the first and foremost important goal preceding the child’s education, especially since it has been established that teachers go on to teach science in the same way that they have been taught (Marshall & Dorward, 2000). Upon investigation, in private as well as public schools, we have been privy to two familiar methods of teaching science in the elementary and kindergarten classrooms. The two common methods are the inquiry and the direct instruction methods of teaching. The inquiry...
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...curriculum program using Problem Based Learning Hortensia Jiménez Díaz Córdoba, Ver. Presented as a poster in the PBL2004 International Conference Cancún, México June 13-19, 2004 Constructivism & PBL Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify if teachers and students from an undergraduate program designed under a constructivist model, using curriculum integration and PBL, perceive the created environment as a cultural system, according to Windschitl (1999). The research work was completed with open questionnaires and direct observations that were used to collect information about the process that is going on in this program. The data obtained was analyzed using the seven essential values of PBL proposed by Keng-Neo, Yih Chyn and Heng Chye (2001) that were related to Windschitl’s elements of a cultural system. The findings show that even when the program has most of the elements proposed by the authors mentioned above, the teachers do not have a deep 2 knowledge about constructivism and its philosophical principles, and they consider PBL just as an alternative way of teaching. A deeper analysis is required to establish which of the factors involved in creating a cultural system are present in this kind of programs and how do these factors contribute to that. Constructivism & PBL 3 Constructivism as a cultural system in an integrated curriculum program using Problem Based Learning According to Windschitl (1999b), constructivism is based in the belief that when...
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...Changing Perceptions on Inquiry Based Learning in Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers North Carolina State University Changing Perceptions on Inquiry Based Learning in Pre-Service and In-Service Teachers The modern world in which we live is requiring individual citizens to become more equipped with essential 21st century skills. The science classroom is a platform where students can engage in critical thinking, communication, and collaboration skills that would enhance their readiness for our rapidly changing, technology rich, society. Furthermore, teaching these skills through means of inquiry and constructivism has shown to increase student involvement, comprehension, and retention when done effectively (Aydeniz, 2012, pg.201). For this reason it is imperative for science educators to include, if not practice regularly; inquiry based learning in their lessons. However, this is not an approach many teachers feel comfortable implementing for various reasons. The purpose of this review is to focus on research studies that have provided professional development on inquiry based learning to pre-service and in-service teachers in the hopes of improving their views of inquiry while encouraging and supporting them in practicing this methodology. The studies used are from multiple countries and school level ranges from kindergarten to high school. Since this area of research is increasing in its popularity the articles used are fairly recent, ranging from 2008 to 2014. This...
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...of 12-19 years accounting for 83.08%-90.91%. For this reason, teachers must elevate students’ learning ability and knowledge through temporary assistance like information technology. To teachers and students, the meaning of this incoming digital trend counts for more challenges than opportunities. History, a subject about facts, should also be inextricably linked to digital world. Being a junior high history teacher, the researcher found that it would be better to use a lively way-learning by playing-we can use some digital assistance to arouse students’ learning motivation and academic performance. Moreover, traditionally teacher-centered didactic instruction is progressively substituted by student-centered various interactive learning patterns. The innovating digital learning which claims for enhancing learners’ motivation and initiative exploration is available to all. Terms like E-learning, U-learning, Digital Game-based Learning (DGBL) gradually represent information technology integrated into teaching in school. DGBL was first proposed by Marc Prensky in 2001. Through digital games, learners obtain sense of achievement in solving problems and dealing with challenges. Digital game based learning takes both entertainment and education into consideration. In Prensky’s opinion, digital game based learning will be the main learning pattern in the 21st century, the traditional learning style such as emphasizing reading and writing...
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...Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more than people in other important professionals. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Stakeholders People Sports professionals: those who been successful in sports games, champions, heroes, sports stars Other important professionals: hard working people, specialists, scientists, managers Keywords: Unfair: injustice, bias, sort of discrimination, inequality Fully justified: fair, Agree | Disagree | (KP) Many sports stars earn money than any other professionals | Professionals working harder and serve the humanity with many technological advances | (SS) They make them stars to left their country’s pride and repetition | Professional like doctors spend most their lives studying to succeed in a highly competitive career with many professional milestones. | (DD) Most the money they gain coming from abroad, so it helps their country economy | to Professional like doctors spend most their lives studying succeed in a highly competitive career with many professional milestones. | Moreover, large part of the money they earn goes toward their club | Similarly, scientists spend most their time in the research laboratory to develop new technology breakthrough or product | Many people think that sports stars have the right to earn a large amount of money since they use their talent and most valuable time to practice and exercise. Others think...
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...Being Professional in the Workplace Being professional is one of the main factors to focus on while in the workplace today. “However, there is considerable evidence to suggest that the civil work environment is the exception rather than the norm (Suzanne).” Being professional can show those around you, whether it is customers, friends, or managers, that you take your job seriously. Throughout this paper I will highlight the some of the main characteristics that it takes to be professional in the workplace. These characteristics include: having a nice appearance, having a good attitude, being punctual, and being honest and trustworthy. The first key factor that one should possess to be professional in the workplace is a good appearance. When I think about appearance I think of two sayings that I have heard throughout my life. The first is “dress to impress” and the second is “ everyone remembers the first impression.” In my opinion these two statements relate directly to the importance of appearance not only in the workplace but in life as well. Some of the key areas to a have a good appearance are having a clean body and clean non-wrinkled clothes, which is something that some people forget about for some reason. Being clean shaven is a must for men unless they cannot due to religious reasons. People take you more serious when your appearance is a top priority and it makes you look professional. Secondly, having a good attitude and remaining positive...
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...Week 2 Assignment Wednesday oct 8, 2014 1.What is professionalism? Professionalism describes the qualities, skills, competence and behaviors expected of individuals belonging to any given profession. Professionalism in the workplace is based on many factors, including how you dress; carry yourself, your attitude and how you interact with others. The definition of professionalism indicates that each person perform their tasks with genuine earnest and honesty. It refers to a person doing his / her job with sincerity, and maintaining professional etiquette and ethics in the workplace. 2.Why is goal setting important? Setting goals is a fundamental component to long-term success. The basic reason for this is that you can’t get where you are trying to go until you clearly define where that is. Goals help you focus and allocate your time and resources efficiently, and they can keep you motivated when you feel like giving up. Furthermore, setting and achieving goals translates to feelings of success for both individuals and companies, which in turn spurs greater productivity and confidence. 3.What are Ways of teamwork in the physician’s office? Developing an effective and highly functional staff that puts practice performance first, though, is easier said than done. To a large degree, that’s because medical practices are comprised of a small group of people who work together but perform very different roles. As practice administrator, you can encourage teamwork by modeling good...
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...Adolescent and Family Education– the different type of methods in Patient Education Problem Based Learning (PBL) 1. What does mean the chosen method in PE (describe the phenomenon)? Problem based learning (PBL) is an educational method developed for medical teaching in 1968 in McMaster University in Canada (Tingström et al. 2002). It has been since utilized in undergraduate studies in various programmes all over the world and further transferred also to patient education. PBL embraces the main principles of adult education. Other educational methods in patient care seldom take under consideration patients’ own beliefs, previous knowledge and information needs (Kärner et al. 2012). PBL, however, allows patients to gain new knowledge restructure previously acquired information and apply their knowledge in practical context (Kärner et al. 2012). PBL thus does not mean problem solving but it provides its participants with problem-solving skills. PBL method is based on group meetings called sessions. During each session a problem (“trigger”) is presented to the group in a form of patient case description, video, pictures, etc. The patients then discuss to clarify all the unfamiliar terms and concepts, and basing on their previous knowledge they determine the main problems in the presented trigger. Further, they analyze those problems and prioritize them. Finally, they identify the learning objectives. Often one of the patients is chosen a discussion leader with a role of moderating...
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...In Class Workshop on Learning Theory and Technology Integration What is an authentic learning experience? Give examples of learning activities that use authentic learning experiences. Authentic learning aligns well with the needs of today’s participatory learners. The challenge is to channel their online and collaborative abilities and interests into academic pursuits, helping them develop the higher-order thinking skills they may not acquire on their own. Instructors are encouraged to design activities for their students that match as nearly as possible the real-world tasks of professionals in the field. The challenges students are asked to undertake should be complex, ambiguous, and multifaceted in nature, requiring sustained investigation. Reflection, self-assessment, and performance review are fully integrated into the exercise. The real-world challenge comes with its own criteria for success. Students are held accountable for achieving the milestones that practitioners would have to meet under genuine working conditions. Teamwork is as essential to the authentic learning experience as it is likely to be in modern workplace settings. Groups of students have to draw on multiple sources and negotiate among multiple perspectives—including those of the stakeholders (business partners, clients, customers, citizens) who will be impacted by their performance. An authentic learning exercise highlights a student’s capacity to affect the world beyond the classroom and to make...
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