...the IMF would bailout if needed) 2) money was funneled into projects with cheap credit and no collateral 3) projects didn’t have good returns and currency speculators started to sell east Asian currencies 4) triggered drop in baht value leading to overall concern => TH, ID, KR, MY, and lesser extent PH were hammered by the crisis => SG and HK survived due to high reserves and strong economic fundamentals => other countries escaped either because their currencies were not convertible or because they weren’t exposes to foreign portfolio flows => ‘sudden stop’ due to 1) liquidity crisis (bank run) and panic-selling and 2) vulnerabilities due to risky relationship lending, expected bailouts, and pegged exchange rates => post-crisis risk aversion reduced corporate loans, investment, and growth => Country vulnerabilities to...
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...VOLUME 2 Manual of Procedures for the Procurement of Goods and Services Page i MANUAL OF PROCEDURES FOR THE PROCUREMENT OF GOODS AND SERVICES.................................................................................................... 1 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................ VI INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 SCOPE OF VOLUME 2...................................................................................... 3 PREPARING FOR THE PROCUREMENT OF GOODS AND SERVICES ................. 5 PREPARING FOR THE PROCUREMENT OF GOODS AND SERVICES ................................. 7 PROCUREMENT PLANNING ............................................................................... 8 What are the factors to be considered in planning for the procurement of Goods? ............ 8 What are “Technical Specifications”? ........................................................................ 10 What are the considerations in setting the technical specifications of the goods to be procured? ......................................................................................................... 10 What is the “Approved Budget for the Contract” or the ABC? ....................................... 11 What are the factors that should be considered in determining the ABC? ...................... 11 PREPARING THE BIDDING DOCUMENTS ..........................................
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...INTRODUCTION ______ Procurement is one of the most important aspects of the logistic services in any organization, especially with the government. The government created Republic Act No. 9184 (RA 9184) in its advocacy to eradicate corruption, or to at least minimize it, as well as to standardize the procurement process in all the governmental agencies and its instrumentalities. Procurement Process is used to describe the procedure for the supply of equipment, materials and other resources required to carry out a project/program. It usually involves sub-processes such as sourcing, purchasing, monitoring, quality assurance and contract administration. In most occasions, there is a tendency to fast–track the procurement process to meet project/program schedule. Hence, those involve in the procurement process are subjected to pressures given that they have to carry it out efficiently and effectively. On October 29 and 30, 2009, the selected DOH COBAC Secretariat staff conducted a pilot testing of the Procurement Monitoring Process Tool for the future monitoring activities of the procurement process. The primary intentions of the activity are as follows: 1. To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the monitoring tools and its process; 2. To assess the institution’s level of implementation of RA 9184; 3. To provide information on the newly issued Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of RA 9184; 4. To provide an avenue for an interactive...
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...INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT) PROCUREMENT MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS SECTION 2 PREPARING FOR ICT PROCUREMENT PLANNING How do we prepare for ICT Procurement? Looking at Total Cost Ownership What is the value of Hiring ICT Procurement Consultant? What are the classifications of ICT Procurement? Drafting the Technical Specifications, Scope of Work and Terms of Reference Drafting Service Level Requirements Reference to Benchmarks Use of Brand Names in ICT Procurement “Green” Considerations in Making Technical Specifications PREPARING THE BIDDING DOCUMENTS What are Bidding Documents? Who shall participate in the preparation of the Bidding Documents? BAC for ICT Projects What various types and sizes of contracts may be provided in the Bidding Documents How should Pre-Procurement Conference be conducted? Conducting Proof-of-Concept SECTION 3 INSTRUCTIONS ON THE PROCEDURAL STEPS FOR ICT PROCUREMENT Competitive Bidding ICTO-DOST Standards Development SECTION 4 GUIDELINES ON CONTRACT IMPLEMENTATION FOR ICT PROCUREMENT OF GOODS Dispute Resolution ANNEX A: Definition of Terms ANNEX B: Process Flow for Goods and Infrastructure ANNEX C1: Process Flow Quality Based Evaluation ANNEX C2: Process Flow Quality Cost Based Evaluation ANNEX D: Sample Technical Specification Checklist ANNEX E: Sample Bid Evaluation Template 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 7 10 11 11 11 13 13 14 14 14 17 17 18 18 18 19 SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION This Manual seeks to...
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...INTRODUCTION After millennia of unchallenged success, businesses and governments around the world are entering a new era of unprecedented openness. The movement to hold corporate officers and politicians accountable is spurred by three powerful forces: economics, technology, and zeitgeist. The entire world is experiencing a deep recession. The Internet, meanwhile, has revolutionized the speed and power of data analysis and dissemination. And financial institutions are being held responsible. In certain industries, Asian manufacturers dominate the United States’ consumer market. Third-world nations in Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and China continue to attract U.S. manufacturers seeking low wages for laborious tasks. And, in the midst of everything, the United States is a giant consumer base with an enormous command of technology but steadily losing the infrastructure needed to create jobs. In addition to significant events that have impacted the world’s business environment, individual firms have had to change radically in response to burgeoning technologies. Historically, the management of materials and component parts was the most neglected element in the production process. Only when the cost of materials and subassemblies increased did management attempt to investigate alternative methods to the planning and control of the acquisition and transformation functions in the organization. Instead, most firms emphasized minimizing the cost of capital and labor. The...
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...Conducting and Closing Procurements NAME;BRIAN TONY Institution; USIU Conducting and Closing Procurements Introduction For any project to be implemented, goods and services must be availed to be utilized. This is achieved through procurement whereby interested external suppliers are contracted to provide the goods and services needed. The procurement process ought to be planned in order to establish a formal and working relationship with the external suppliers. At the end of a project the procurement has to be closed and the formal relationship with the external supplier for that project then ends. Project procurement has a number of processes including planning and research, conducting the procurement, administration of the procurement and closing the procurement. Each of these components has a role in the success of the procurement process. (Sanghera, 2014) High-level process steps for conducting project procurements The process of conducting project procurements incudes an exercise whereby responses are obtained from sellers, selection of a seller who the project finds suitable and awarding the contract to this seller. This process involves utilization of various inputs, tools and techniques to obtain desirable output. The process of conducting project procurement is multistep and the process includes five major steps as follows: Specification is the first step whereby a decision is made on which products required...
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...Executive Summary I have been given the task to develop a collaborative procurement process for the post-secondary education partners in Newfoundland and Labrador. The mandate from the Ministry of Education is to develop a process in which cost savings and cost avoidance can be achieved through the collaboration of purchasing from Memorial University and College of the North Atlantic. My recommendation would be to utilize the Joint Tendering method to acquire and execute contracts for Goods and Services Purchases. The Shared Administrative Model will also be utilized to ensure that both Public Institutions are actively involved and that responsibilities can be equally shared. A key factor to the success of this implementation would be to have Senior level Staff dedicated to the Collaborative group and the full support of all trustees and yourself, the Ministry of Education. This team should also be under the guidance and leadership of the Supply Chain Manager. Following the execution of the process, monthly and quarterly meetings will be held to go over key issues, capture lessons learned, develop a policy and procedure to standardize the process, discuss strategic plan for future plans and also take the opportunity to recognize the efforts made by the collaborative group. Key Performance Indicators (KPI) have also been identified and setup to determine the level of success of this pilot. Contents Executive Summary 1 Issue Identification: 2 Environmental & Root...
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...company in today competitive market . the organization have realized the importance of supplier relationship A organization which has good relation with its supplier can again a competitive advantage over their competitors, good relationship with the supplier needs a long term trust to get build up. “Competitive advantage is increasingly a function of supply chain efficiency and effectiveness.... the greater the collaboration, the greater the likelihood that an advantage can be gained.” (1) (Lamming) LITREATURE REVIEW A manufacturing company in Iraq trying to figure out the problem and decrease the lead time of suppliers, they have identified two main reason in lead time weak communication and problem in procurement management are the reason for lead time ((Kannan & Tan, p. 1984) (Mattsson, 2009) Which would cause delay in delivery, raw material shortage and as well as transferring the material, lack of trust, reduction in quality and software problem. For a company of manufacturing industries lead time plays an...
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...System provides an efficient distributed procurement method for non-repetitively purchased lower dollar value goods and services where other methods (e.g., Corporate Purchasing Card System, Preferred Supplier Agreements, and Standing Purchase Orders) are not suitable. 2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a procurement card system Advantages/Pros: A major benefit from using procurement cards is reduced purchasing transactions costs. A pre-procurement card study of transactions costs for items that did not have an established contract revealed an average transactions cost of $150. This includes the cost to requisition, place, receive and inspect, and process payment through accounts payable. A study after initiating procurement cards revealed an average transactions cost of $50, which includes user time for reconciliation. Furthermore, users appear satisfied with the procurement card system. Before full-scale launching of the card, purchasing conducted a six-month trial program with 300 users. After the trial period, purchasing surveyed these users concerning their satisfaction with the card program. More than 75 percent were positive about the procurement card program. Negative comments came from high- volume transaction users who were not prepared or organized to do a monthly reconciliation. Although PPL has currently issued over a thousand procurement cards, current usage levels are lower than...
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...CHAPTER 4 Planning process * First:Create a forecast (raw materials) MD61 * Used for MRP (material requirement planning) * MRP uses BOM (bill of materials) & independent requirements required for production * MRP automatically calculates purchase requisitions (external documents) for vendors * Second transaction: execute MRP (MD01) MD04/MD07: View stock requirements Procurement Process Done by the purchasing dept. 4 transactions * Create purchase order * Post goods receipt * Post invoice * Post payment Manages ordering receiving and payment for raw materials and packaging Order RAW MATERIALS manually (ME51N) * Purchase requisitions must be converted into purchase orders. ME59N is automatically converts * Goods are received a good receipt must be completed (MIGO) by receiving clerk. When you enter good receipts, SAP debits the raw material inventory account and credits GR/IR account * MIRO: Posting vendor’s invoice – enter purchase order #. CREDITS accounts payable to the vendor and DEBITS GR/IR account. Invoices paid on receipt * Payment is made from bank account which clears accounts payable. Transaction F-53 Production Process 2 Transactions Directly create a planned production order in the system. Transaction MD11 * First transaction: MD07 taking planned order and converting it into a production order. CO41: convert multiple planned orders into production orders. * Second Transaction:...
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...EC-OMB Corruption Prevention Project Integrity Development Review of the Department of Agrarian Reform Executive Summary The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), now called Department of Land Reform, was created by virtue of Republic Act 6389 signed into law on September 10, 1971. It is the lead implementing agency of the government’s Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). It undertakes land tenure improvement, development of beneficiaries, land surveys in resettlement areas, land acquisition and distribution and delivery of support services to farmer beneficiaries. Ten dimensions were assessed under the Integrity Development Review Project namely, Leadership, Code of Conduct, Gifts and Benefits Policy, Human Resource Management, Financial Management, Performance Management, Whistleblowing, Internal Reporting and Investigation, Corruption Risk Management, and Interface with the External Environment. The assessment provided a thorough diagnosis of corruption vulnerability and resistance, availability of control mechanisms and the effectiveness of existing systems. Agency strengths include compliance to minimum standards of laws pertinent to corruption prevention except for Gifts and Benefits and Whistleblowing and Internal Reporting, which are both fairly new concepts being integrated into government systems. The agency has a fairly high rating for Human Resources Management as it has achieved level of enforcement of policies required in this dimension. For Performance...
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...Financial Proposal” on specified tender opening date / time. Technical proposal having samples (4),Company profile and technical literature will be opened on same date, whereas, financial proposal sealed in other envelope containing heading “Financial Proposal” will remain sealed till the evaluation of samples by PIA Management. The Financial proposal of only those bidders will be opened whose samples are found acceptable. Successful bidders will be informed regarding the opening date / time of financial proposal well in advance. PIA will be at liberty to accept or reject or to annul the whole procurement process at any stage. Technical & General Terms & Conditions (Annex I & II) are the integral part of the Tender Schedule. GENERAL TERMS & CONDITIONS A). PRICING: i). Firm, final & most competitive prices should be quoted as no post tender negotiations are allowed as...
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...use of another disposal method unless that approved by the tender committee (b) Planning for a disposal activity shall take into account the allocation of biddable lots to ensure that requirements are not split up without justifiable reason (c) The disposal stores and equipments shall be aggregated for all departments of a procuring entity; (d) The aggregation of disposal requirements shall take into account- (i) the market relationships between the items if any; (ii) items which are of a similar nature and are likely to attract the same potential bidders; (iii) the optimum size and type of contract to attract the greatest and most responsive competition or the best prices; (iv) items which shall be subject to the same method of procurement and bidding conditions; (v) items which shall be subject to the same conditions of contract; (vi) the appropriate size of contract to facilitate the application of any preference and reservation scheme. (e) a procuring entity shall not, with the intention of avoiding a particular method of disposal or the benefits of scale, split up disposal requirements which can be disposed of as a unit. (f) Splitting of disposal requirements, which are broadly similar or related, shall only be permitted when the split offers clear economic or technical advantages. (2) Where assets have been identified for disposal, the procuring entity shall undertake the valuation of the assets or property either using its own staff or an independent valuation...
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...DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY FEDERAL PROCUREMENT SYSTEM BALANCED SCORECARD PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT FY2003 2 MISSION To provide acquisition and assistance services to support accomplishment of the Department’ s programmatic goals and objectives. VISION To deliver on a timely basis the best value product or service to our customers while maintaining the public’trust and fulfilling public policy s objectives. STRATEGY To change the present system’culture, management s systems, and line processes consistent with the principles of Quality Management, in order to establish and maintain: a customer focus, a sense of urgency, continuous and breakthrough process improvement, and an emphasis on results. 3 BALANCED SCORECARD STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES CUSTOMER What must we excel at? How do our customers see us? FINANCIAL MISSION VISION STRATEGY LEARNING AND GROWTH INTERNAL BUSINESS PROCESSES Do we get the best deal for the Government? Do we continue to improve and create value? CUSTOMER To Achieve Our Vision, How Should We Appear To Our Customers? 4 FINANCIAL To Succeed Financially, How Should We Appear To Our Stakeholders? MISSION VISION STRATEGY INTERNAL BUSINESS PROCESSES To Satisfy Our Stakeholders and Customers, What Business Processes Must We Excel At? LEARNING AND GROWTH To Achieve Our Vision, How Will We Sustain Our Ability To Change And Improve? BALANCED SCORECARD PERSPECTIVES AND OBJECTIVES CUSTOMER - Customer Satisfaction...
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...government goods and services for all provincial government departments are currently purchased through a provincial government controlled agency called GPA, also known as Government Purchasing agency. In order to determine the need and effectiveness of collaborative procurement process for Department of Education NL, there are three key elements involved: extending the use of agreements based on whole-life costing; progressively reducing transaction and process costs, and the provision of more qualitative added-value service. The concept advances Cooperative purchasing from a reaction to outside forces or top-down pressures, to a supply methodology congruent with an overall business strategy. Based on a detailed research and analysis, we have come to a conclusion that forming a strategic coalition with ISI (Interuniversity Service Inc), a not for profit organization that is currently responsible for all Education related procurement for Atlantic Canadian provinces except NL will solve the major issues discussed above and will provide more value to NL’s educational structure and at the same time will reduce overall operational and overhead costs. ISI provides strategic sourcing approach towards procurement by operating based on Total Cost of Ownership model and by bulk commodity and services purchasing provides Total Landed cost strategy to the business. Being a not for profit organization, their True north is to serve the community and creating a better Educational structure...
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