... • Theory Defined - a set of related propositions that suggest why events occur in the manner in which they do. Think of theory as a conversation you want to join and add something to. The conversation is among people (social scientists or practitioners) who share an interest in your problem or research question/s. 3. Hypotheses. Now that you have placed your work in a theoretical context, you need to develop some clearly stated hypotheses. • Hypothesis Defined. A hypothesis is used to organize a study; a hypothesis proposes a relationship between two or more variables (it is generally better to start building hypotheses with just two variables). Typically the variables are the independent (IV) and dependent (DV) variables. Example: As the...
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...London Churchill College | BTEC Higher National Diploma (HND) in Business | Business Decision Makingby Edina TosokiTutor: Rahaman Hasan | | LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 29th of November 2013 Dear Mr. Rahaman Hasan, Enclosed is a formal report for your attention on the subject of Kellogg’s case analysis as per requested in September 2013 to analyze the market response to Kellogg’s products in the UK compared to the historical data of response in India focusing on the failed launch. This report includes introduction, literature, methodology, findings and analysis and finally a conclusion and recommendation section to make clear each step of the process. All data that we collected, organized and analyzed have been presented in charts and graphs for the better understanding, then a final presentation was produced to communicate the whole process through visualization. The workload that this formal report has been based on was assigned both to small groups as well joint class work, however this particular report mainly based on my individual input. During the whole preparation of this report I have tried to stay objective and record accurate information as to the best of my knowledge. Some sections of this report may reflect my own conclusions, suggestions and justifications relating to the subject. Thank you for your time reading, marking my report and giving the opportunity to learn and develop new skills by your guidance. Yours sincerely, Edina Tosoki ...
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...CHAPTER 9 Audit Sampling Review Questions 9-1 Nonstatistical sampling is an audit sampling technique in which the risk of sampling error is estimated by the auditors using professional judgment rather than by the laws of probability. Statistical sampling involves the quantification of the risk of sampling error through the use of mathematics and laws of probability. 9-2 Sampling risk is the possibility that the auditors will make an erroneous decision based on a sample result. To control sampling risk the auditors increase the size of their samples. Nonsampling risk is the risk of erroneous conclusions by the auditors based on any factor other then sampling. For example, the auditors may perform inappropriate tests, or they may not recognize errors in the sample items examined. Nonsampling risk may be controlled by adequate planning and supervision of engagements, and the establishment of effective quality control policies and procedures. 9-3 The physical representation of the actual population is the recorded value that represents the population. For example, if the auditors use a computer printout of recorded accounts payable from which to sample, they must attempt to determine that it properly includes all accounts payable. 9-4 All three of the methods of selecting items for examination (random number table selection, systematic selection, random number generator selection) will produce a random sample if properly applied. However...
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...examination and Grading Course marking scheme Facilitators/Tutors and Tutorials Summary . . . . INTRODUCTION Data collection methodology is a two credit unit first semester course available to first semester course available to students of Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) Library and Information science. 4 Research involves data collection, any discipline of the social sciences, education and even the sciences needs a sound knowledge of research; how to conduct research, ethics of research and generally to write a report or design a study. The use and importance of research cannot be overemphasized. All students undergoing any form of degree programme is required to write a project, thesis or dissertation. This course offers a complete guide to such write ups including statistical techniques in sampling measurements and ethics of research. What you will learn in this course The course consist of units and a course guide which informs you briefly...
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...Module 1 The Research Process * Is a scholarly activity aimed at finding new truths about a specific discipline basically designed to find solution to a problem. * Done in various fields of studies. * May be done in natural sciences like Biology, Chemistry and Physics. And in the field of social sciences such as Sociology, Psychology, Education, Anthropology, Industry and the like. Definitions of Research * a systematic patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster’s New World Dictionary, 1994) * a systematic investigation in order to establish facts and new conclusions (Oxford, 1996) Definitions of Research * a systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles or theories resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of events (Best & Kahn, 1998) * purposive, systematic and scientific process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, organizing, presenting and interpreting data for the solution of a problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and improvement of the quality of life (Calderon, 2000) * a process of systematically examining and explaining the observables. It seeks to generate answers to questions but it also generates further questions for study....
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... | |The cultural and social influences on the buying behaviour process: the Pirelli RE case study | | | | | |IM44 | |Marketing Research Project, Fall semester of 2009...
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...E-banking characteristics. E-banking situation in Republic of Macedonia Course: Research in Information Systems June 2012 Skopje Content Research Project proposal …………………………………………………3 Abstract Objectives Planning and methods Literature review ……………………………………………………………..6 Research strategy – Survey……………………………………………….8 Data generation methods…………………………………………………9 Data analysis………………………………………………………………..….10 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………15 Research Project Proposal [Research in Information Systems] [Lundrim Ologu] SeeU, Spring 2012 _________________________________________________________ Title: E-banking characteristics. E-banking situation in Republic of Macedonia Abstract: E-banking characteristics. E-banking situation in Republic of Macedonia The payment system represents a sum of instruments, procedures and infrastructure for money transfer. It is of great importance for all economic agents since it enables fast and efficient payments in the national economy as well as internationally. Electronic payment system functionality is measured through analysis of the transactions committed, structure of the electronic instruments available within a country, and payment instruments used during payment of purchased or ordered products or services. The use of Electronic Payment Instruments in Macedonia is growing steadily, which shows that the EPS system in this country is continually growing and is in some extend well organized...
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...water would be supplied by the lower Niagara River and Lake Ontario. However, due to the country suddenly finding itself in the middle of a full-scale economic depression and the fact that Louis Tesla had just discovered a way to transmit electrical power economically over great distances by means of an alternating current, Love's project was dealt a death blow. His backers deserted him and the whole project fell apart, with the land being sold at public auction in 1910 (Whalen, 1978). In the 1920's the excavation became a chemical and municipal disposal site for several chemical companies and the City of Niagara Falls. Chemicals of unknown kind and quantity were buried at the site up until 1953, after which, the site was covered with earth. Soon, about 100 homes were built, along with an elementary school, on top of this toxic waste dump. The effects of the pit's contents soon began to be felt. Strange odors and substances were reported by residents, especially those with basements. Pieces of phosphorus made their way to the surface and children playing in the schoolyard came home burned by toxic waste. In 1976, heavy rains and a bad blizzard caused a large amount of waste to rise to the surface, where it contaminated the entire neighborhood (Brook, 2006). Brook (2006), "In the following years the area was stricken with higher than normal rates of stillborn births and miscarriages, and many babies were born with birth defects”...
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...Research Methods –STA630 VU Research Methods (STA630) Contents Lesson 1: INTRODUCTION, DEFINITION & VALUE OF RESEARCH ........................ 14 What is Research?................................................................................................................... 14 What is the value of Research? ............................................................................................... 14 Research helps in developing methodologies ......................................................................... 15 We are surrounded by research............................................................................................... 16 Lesson 2: SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF RESEARCH & ITS SPECIAL FEATURES ...... 17 Important Characteristics of Scientific Method ...................................................................... 17 1. Empirical......................................................................................................................... 17 2. Verifiable ........................................................................................................................ 18 3. Cumulative ..................................................................................................................... 18 4. Deterministic.................................................................................................................. 18 5. Ethical and Ideological Neutrality ............................................................
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...orientated activity aimed at gathering a wide array of information by using assessment measures and information from many other sources such as interviews, the information is then evaluated and integrated to make a conclusion or a decision. 1.2 Research participants want to know what anonymity and confidentiality are, explain. The data that is collected should be private, an individual has the right to privacy which means he has the right to decide how much he wants to share his thoughts, feelings and facts of his personal life with others. A person may also demand to be anonymous, thus his identity should not be revealed or is kept a secret. With regard to confidentiality, the main question is who shall have access to the results? A number of considerations influence the answer such as the following: 1. The security of the test content 2. The hazards of...
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...24108 Marketing Foundations 1. Introduction to Marketing and the Marketing Environment What is marketing? * “The activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offers that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large” * Marketers need to learn what customers, clients, partners and society want * Marketers use information, develop new ideas and offer something unique/special * Ongoing process Why study marketing? * Market orientation firms have better performance * Better profits, sales volume, market share, return on investment * Marketing drives economic growth/stimulates consumer demand * Every employee is a stakeholder in the success of their organisation The Marketing Evolution * Changed from: * Trade * Production orientation * Sales orientation (e.g. black vs. blue) * Market orientation (i.e. what colour do you want, and matching the product) * Societal market orientation (e.g. to stop consumerism) * Used by small and large, those selling goods and services, private, public, profit and non-for-profit Marketing Exchange * Mutually beneficial transfer of offerings of value between buyer and seller * Two or more parties, each with something of value * All must benefit * Exchange must meet expectations of both parties What is value? * “A customers overall assessment of the...
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...University of South Florida Scholar Commons Textbooks Collection USF Tampa Library Open Access Collections 2012 Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices Anol Bhattacherjee University of South Florida, abhatt@usf.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks Part of the American Studies Commons, Education Commons, Public Health Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Bhattacherjee, Anol, "Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices" (2012). Textbooks Collection. Book 3. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the USF Tampa Library Open Access Collections at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textbooks Collection by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact scholarcommons@usf.edu. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND PRACTICES ANOL BHATTACHERJEE SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND PRACTICES Anol Bhattacherjee, Ph.D. University of South Florida Tampa, Florida, USA abhatt@usf.edu Second Edition Copyright © 2012 by Anol Bhattacherjee Published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices, 2nd edition By Anol Bhattacherjee First published 2012 ISBN-13: 978-1475146127 ...
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...implies the production of new capital goods, plants and equipments. Refers investment as real investment and not financial investment (John Keynes). Investment is a conscious act of an individual or any entity that involves deployment of money (cash) in securities or assets issued by any financial institution with a view to obtain the target returns over a specified period of time. Types of investment There are three types of investment: 1. Ownership investment 2. Lending investment 3. Cash equivalent 1. Ownership Investments Ownership investments are what comes to mind for most people when the word "investment" is batted around. Ownership investments are the most volatile and profitable class of investment. The following are examples of ownership investments: (a)Stocks Stocks are literally certificates that say you own a portion of a company. More broadly...
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...water would be supplied by the lower Niagara River and Lake Ontario. However, due to the country suddenly finding itself in the middle of a full-scale economic depression and the fact that Louis Tesla had just discovered a way to transmit electrical power economically over great distances by means of an alternating current, Love's project was dealt a death blow. His backers deserted him and the whole project fell apart, with the land being sold at public auction in 1910 (Whalen, 1978). In the 1920's the excavation became a chemical and municipal disposal site for several chemical companies and the City of Niagara Falls. Chemicals of unknown kind and quantity were buried at the site up until 1953, after which, the site was covered with earth. Soon, about 100 homes were built, along with an elementary school, on top of this toxic waste dump. The effects of the pit's contents soon began to be felt. Strange odors and substances were reported by residents, especially those with basements. Pieces of phosphorus made their way to the surface and children playing in the schoolyard came home burned by toxic waste. In 1976, heavy rains and a bad blizzard caused a large amount of waste to rise to the surface, where it contaminated the entire neighborhood (Brook, 2006). Brook (2006), "In the following years the area was stricken with higher than normal rates of...
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...water would be supplied by the lower Niagara River and Lake Ontario. However, due to the country suddenly finding itself in the middle of a full-scale economic depression and the fact that Louis Tesla had just discovered a way to transmit electrical power economically over great distances by means of an alternating current, Love's project was dealt a death blow. His backers deserted him and the whole project fell apart, with the land being sold at public auction in 1910 (Whalen, 1978). In the 1920's the excavation became a chemical and municipal disposal site for several chemical companies and the City of Niagara Falls. Chemicals of unknown kind and quantity were buried at the site up until 1953, after which, the site was covered with earth. Soon, about 100 homes were built, along with an elementary school, on top of this toxic waste dump. The effects of the pit's contents soon began to be felt. Strange odors and substances were reported by residents, especially those with basements. Pieces of phosphorus made their way to the surface and children playing in the schoolyard came home burned by toxic waste. In 1976, heavy rains and a bad blizzard caused a large amount of waste to rise to the surface, where it contaminated the entire neighborhood (Brook, 2006). Brook (2006), "In the following years the area was stricken with...
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