...[pic] [pic][pic][pic] Dr. Nola J. Pender PhD, RN, FAANa nursing theorist who first presented her Health Promotion Model for nursing in her book HealthPromotion in Nursing Practice (1982). She developed the idea that promoting optimal health supersedespreventing disease. Pender's theory identifies cognitive-perceptual factors in the individual, such asimportance of health, perceived benefits of health-promoting behaviors, and perceived barriers to health-promoting behaviors. These factors are modified by demographic and biologic characteristics andinterpersonal influences, as well as situational and behavioral factors. They help predict participation inhealth-promoting behavior. The individual's definition of health for himself or herself has more importance thana general statement about health. A major assumption in Pender's theory is that health, as a positive high-level state, is assumed to be a goal toward which an individual strives. Pender Nursing Theory The Health Promotion Model of nursingNola Pender, former professor of nursing at the University of Michigan, has developed a rational-choice modelof healthcare. This is not really a nursing theory per se, but a psychological look at how human beingsperceive themselves, their health and their ability to change their lifestyles to promote health. As a result of this focus, Pender's model is normally called the "Health Promotion Model" of nursing. Features...
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...Exam in MAN 214 1. Describe the major difference in the determinants of physical activity among children, adolescents and adult. a. Determinants of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents i. Gender. Studies of different researchers identified some factors that affect the gender specific towards their view of physical activity. Bottom line, family influences during childhood have a positive effect on the physical activity patterns that children develop. ii. Ethnicity. Children of Asian origin were less active than children in other ethnic groups. In terms of ethnic differences, Asian Americans and Latinos reported the lowest level of neighborhood safety for physical activity, and African Americans and Latinos reported the fewest convenient facilities for physical activity. African Americans reported the highest level of television viewing per week (Sallis et al, 1996). iii. Socioeconomic Status. A study of 2, 285 children in 4th-6th grades in multiethnic, low-income urban neighborhood revealed that 20% of the girls and 25% of the boys were inactive. It particularly influenced participation in organized sports at or outside of school. Cost of participation and transportation may have posed major problems to parents. b. Determinants of Physical Activity in Adults iv. Influences on physical activity for middle-age adults include: past program participation, self-efficacy, benefits, barriers, spouse...
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...paper is to critically analyze a clinical-related practical concern that will impact the nursing professional environment. The United States is lagging behind other nations of the world in fully integrating midwifery into its health care system. “While midwives deliver only 6% of the approximately 220,000 babies in the United States each year, midwives in other countries attend up to 80% of their countries births.” (Bowers, 2000). In our ever-changing fast paced health care system, many woman feel that they receive little personnel attention during pregnancy and childbirth from their healthcare provider. Despite the high quality of care that midwives provide to expectant mothers, American women have few opportunities to use the service of midwives. Barriers to Midwifery care in the United States include physician opposition, public perception as substandard care, state and federal regulations, lacking of training programs, lack of acceptance among third-party payers and our political and economic environment However, midwifery has gained a foothold in the nursing profession. Their acceptance has coincided with the rise of nursing professionalism as it develops a scientific foundation for clinical practice. The middle range nursing theory known as health promotion provides a sound basis for midwifery care during the puerperium. Developed by Dr. Nola J. Pender in the 1970’s, is rooted in the social learning theory of Bandura, which...
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...have been using Pender’s Health Promotion model to facilitate lifestyle changes, and bring about increased protection and improvement in public health. One of the major public health concerns for many nations is Diabetes. According to Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage (2010), 246 million people worldwide have diabetes, equating to almost 6% of the world’s adult population, with 80% of these people live in developing nations. This diabetes prevalence is further influenced by the aging population, unhealthy diet, overweight, physical inactivity, and obesity. In the 2010 meta-ethnographic research study, Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage, used Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) to analyze and contribute to the understanding of what clients perceived as being important in an effective empowerment strategy for diabetes self-management. Meta-ethnography is a research method that use an inductive and interpretative method to compare and interpret multiple qualitative research findings revealing analogies between the studies to develop new concepts and models (Ho, Berggren, & Dahlborg-Lyckhage, 2010). Health Promotion Model (HPM) HPM is a nursing model which emphasizes the role of expectations in predicting health behaviors. HPM identifies three factors that influence health behavior, and how these three factors directly and indirectly influences health- promoting behaviors. Individual characteristics and experience, which includes past behaviors, and cultural and family...
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...Online Risk Assessment Analysis Several models of health beliefs and behaviors have been developed to help determine whether an individual is likely to participate in disease prevention and health promotion activities. The purpose of the health assessment is to establish a database for the client’s normal abilities, risk factors that can contribute to dysfunction, and any current alterations in function (Pender, 2001). Of the two models, Health Belief Model and Health Promotion Model, the model that most reflect my belief is the Health Promotion Model. The Health Promotion Model is a way of thinking that revolve around the philosophy of promoting better health physically, emotionally, socially, spiritually, occupationally, environmentally and intellectually. Because I am aware of the relationship between lifestyle and illness, I strive to develop health-promoting habits, such as getting adequate exercise, rest, and relaxation, maintaining good nutrition and reducing stress to lead a better quality life. The following are the results of my health assessment. Perceived benefits of action * According to my health assessment, the data reflects that I have a sense of self-responsibility and personal accountability for my health. I have a tendency to be more engage in maintaining health-promoting behaviors, due to past experiences of poor health with family members. Much of my attitude and behavior is solidified, due to poor health choices that caused many uneventful and early deaths...
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...theoretical base and method in the research study to examine the use of emotion regulation and goal-directed behavior in an attempt to improve sleep behaviors. Self-regulation is the process in which a person has perceived illness cognition, a patient’s own implicit common sense beliefs about their illness. There are five cognitive dimensions of these beliefs: identity; perceived cause of illness; time line; consequences; curability and controllability (Fowler, Kirschner, Kuiken, & Baas., 2007, p. 223). This process occurs over three stages of interpretation, coping, and appraisal (Fowler et al., 2007). In the research study, “Using Mental Imagery to Deliver Self-Regulation Techniques to Improve Sleep Behaviors,” the efficacy of behavioral interventions were geared toward improving the sleep behavior for working adults with the use of mental imagery undertakings that were designed with the theory of self-regulation principles. More specifically, the main attitude is where the patient focuses their thoughts, emotions, and behavior in order to achieve their desired outcome, a sort of homeostasis, if you will. The use of imagery and implementation intention imagery are used in order to reduce arousal while preparing for sleep. The objectives of this study are to increase positive effects on sleep self-efficacy, sleep-related behavior and planning, to include positive behaviors, and ultimately increase the quality of the overall sleep experience (Loft & Cameron, 2013). | ...
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...Health Promotion Elva Cantu 09/08/12 Health Promotion Health promotion is helping people take charge of their body in order to obtain the best health possible. It is learning to balance physical, social, emotional, intellectual and spiritual health. Lifestyle change is encouraged through awareness and through an environment that supports good health practices. The purpose of health promotion is to encourage good health behaviors and improve living and working conditions which will then enhance a better quality of life and reduce premature deaths. There are three levels of health promotion prevention which include primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention is an action taken before there is any onset of disease and it removes the possibility that the disease will occur. Positive health is promoted and encouraged which in return, enables an individual to lead a productive life. Secondary prevention is an action taken to stop the progress of a disease at its beginning stage and prevent complications. It is in the domain of clinical medicine. It is less effective and more expensive than primary prevention. The third level is tertiary prevention which provides measures to reduce or limit disabilities and impairment caused by disease and bad health. It lessens suffering and helps patients adjust to the conditions. There are various theories on how to implement health promotion which targets behavior change. Elder et al....
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... She went on to Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, to earn a PhD in 1969. Her model emphasizes preventative health measures and outlines the important roles that nurses’ play in helping patients prevent illness by self-care and wise choices. Dr. Pender's theory differs from most other nursing theories in that it focuses on positive nursing interventions rather than on providing care after illness has occurred. Promoting optimal health is considered more important than preventing disease. According to the theory, nurses have a primary role in teaching patients to make healthy choices and care for themselves. If patients participate in their own care and make wise choices, they will have better health and be able to prevent many illnesses and diseases. Pender believed that a person's self-definition of health had more importance than a generalized designation of health. Health seeking behaviors can be influenced by cognitive-perceptual factors such as the importance of personal health to the individual, perceived advantages of healthy living and possible disadvantages of health promoting behavior. These factors can be further modified by other considerations including interpersonal influences, cultural factors and biological and demographic characteristics. Nurses play a very important role in directing patients toward the goal of optimal health. References There are no sources in the current document....
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...The Expanding Role of Nursing in Health Promotion Robert W Lewis Grand Canyon University NRS-429V February 7, 2013 Nursing in the 21st century is being redefined. The population of the United States is increasingly diverse, with many cultural and religious influences on the health of the population. Legislative initiatives like the affordable health care act (AHC) will require a shift from the wellness-illness model to a practice focused on health promotion. When discussing a definition of health promotion published literature over the last 30 years has expanded and refined this role. One definition that is comprehensive is: Health Promotion is the art and science of helping people discover the synergies between their core passions and optimal health, enhancing their motivation to strive for optimal health, and supporting them in changing their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health. Optimal health is a dynamic balance of physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health. Lifestyle change can be facilitated through a combination of learning experiences that enhance awareness, increase motivation, and build skills and, most important, through the creation of opportunities that open access to environments that make positive health practices the easiest choice. (O'Donnell, 2009) O’Donnell’s definition is broad and encompasses all of the areas of health promotion as it would be related to nursing practice. Health promotion might be viewed more clearly...
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...Research on the Topic Sin Taxes Name Institution Introduction It is undeniable fact that the issue of sin taxes existed long before the last financial crisis that hit the globe in the year 2008. The current global situation faced with challenges of health and financial crises, sin taxes are designed to maximize government expenditures with less loss and to reduce or regulate undesirable behaviors considered harmful to the society. The proposed sin taxes by various governments globally aim products such alcohol beverages, bullets, sugary soft drinks, fatty snacks, and gasoline among other products (Black & Mohamed, 2006). Therefore, this research will analyze in detail the importance of sin taxing to various commodities with the core aims of promoting healthy lifestyles, improving society health outcomes, reducing government expenditure, and enhancing environmental sustainability. The success of this research is highly dependable on the use of varied research articles, journals, and textbooks. Cumulatively, the research will illuminate light on the different benefits associated with the sin taxes. Sin taxes discourages people from adopting unhealthy behaviors (Reiter, 1995). The taxes are designed with the core aim of raising prices of the sinful goods to make people opt for healthier goods. However, this do not happen in accordance with the expectations since increasing the taxes on the sinful good leads to people substituting it with an equally...
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...LITERATURE Introduction We are facing the revolutionary era of shifting health concept and promoting health behavior through multi-influencing factors includes technological advancement and media. More people are aware of the benefits of physical fitness, good nutrition, stress management, and avoidance of health hazards such as smoking and are striving for the optimal health while this world becomes more inter-connected and inevitably each individual is influenced by health-environments of all individuals worldwide (Edelman, 2010). Definition of Health Promotion Americans are acutely aware of the importance of health promotion achieved by positive health behavior and attempt to improve the health status traditionally focused on reducing disease such as communicable disease. The change is affecting all levels; individuals, groups, community, institutions and government. Our challenge lies to improve access to the care and reduce cost of health services and to improve the quality of life to maintain optimum state of healthy life style for everyone which signifies for the new definition of health promotion. Purpose of Health Promotion The purpose of health promotion is to positively influence the health behavior of individuals and communities to increase the span of healthy life for Americans, reduce health disparities among Americans, achieve access to preventive services for all Americans Health promotion improves quality life of all people and reduces premature deaths...
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...University: NRS – 429V – O103 Date – 02//2/2014 Health promotion is the process of empowering people so they take an active role in improving their own health. It is the art and science of helping people discover motivations to make positive lifestyle changes, and provide support to help insure success this includes promoting physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and intellectual health. Lifestyle is key in promoting health, so the goal is to educate, increase motivation, build skills and create an environment where making the positive health choice is the easiest choice. Health promotion is intended to strengthen the skills and capabilities of individuals and communities to adopt positive health choices by providing information and resources to the community so people can take an active role in their health maintenance. The unique knowledge of nurses working in the community and public health specifically, can affect care and treatment of pts. Public health nurses (PHN) with appropriate skills can improve the health of communities and populations. Promoting health is complex and nurses require a range of knowledge, skills and experience to become competent health promoters. Nurses in this role can affect positive health outcomes and improve quality of life by increasing a patient’s knowledge of their condition and supporting them in self-management. Nursing programs need to incorporate a greater emphasis on health promotion as there will be a greater need in the...
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...Health Promotion is a method of helping people to improve and increase their health. (World Health Organization, n.d.) It encompasses a combination of health education and related organizations, political and economic changes aimed at improving health. (Hodyman & Kiyak, 1999.) Health promotion allows individuals to find the collaborations between their core, passion, and optimal health, promoting their motivation to strive for optimal health and assisting them in changing their lifestyle to move towards the state of optimal health. Optimal health is a dynamic balance between physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual, and social health. Life style changes can be facilitated through a combination of learning, increased motivation, develop skills, and through the establishment of opportunities that open access to environment that allows positive health practices to the easiest choice. (O’Donnell, 2009). The purpose of Health Promotion in nursing practice is improvement and maintenance of healthy habits through counseling, education, and encouraging individuals to take predominance over the determinants of their health. The most important goal of health promotion model is to promote a sense of wellbeing, not only the absence of disease. Its purpose is also to ensure that people are free from stress, go for health screening, take proper balanced nutrition, and are motivated adopt healthier lifestyles, behaviors, and crisis preventions. Another goal is to teach individuals...
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...The way the information is presented is quite important. When taking into account the best method to present the information, it is important to take into account the audience. One campaign that was promoting physical activity among sports found that those who had friends who were more active tended to also participate in more physical activity. Behaviors are influenced. CDC’s extensive research with tweens revealed that tweens like to spend times with their friends, playing, having fun, and having an opportunity to be active with parents. In this way they have the attention of both, their peers and adults in their life, that way they have a chance to explore the environment around them more (McDermott et al.,...
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...Using the health belief model, how can nurses encourage patients to make immediate and permanent behavior changes; particularly as they relate to lifestyle choices? Perceived severity is the degree to which the person attributes negative medical, clinical, or social consequences to being diagnosed with an illness. Together, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity provide motivation for reducing or eliminating such threats. The type of action taken depends on perceived benefits (beliefs about the effectiveness of different actions) and perceived barriers (potential negative aspects of particular actions). People are thought to weigh an action's effectiveness in reducing a health threat against possible negative outcomes The health promotion, have achieved through internal mechanisms intrinsic or three people, some of these are: 1. Self-care, ie, decisions and actions that the person performs for the benefit of their own health. 2. Mutual aid or that people do to help each other according to the situation they are living. 3. The creation of healthy environments or environmental conditions that promote health, such as healthy schools that constitute enhancers scenarios the capacities of children, in which health education and health promotion They are educational options for human development and values education in childhood. The health promotion in addition to personal and behavioral considers as more comprehensive strategy for implementation and dissemination...
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