...For anyone willing to stay up to date with current events or political news people would use devices such as social media, TV, or the newspaper. It’s essential for people to be informed to make decisions when it comes to election time. The goal of the media is to remain bi-partisan and show not bias towards one political group or another. In today’s world that doesn’t seem to be the case at all. Left-wing individuals and organizations believe the media is right- winged and vice versa. Just how extensive has political bias grown in “mainstream” media? “Few people make a distinction between news reporting — which attempts to play it straight — and opinion-mongering, which is designed to provoke and persuade” (Farhi). It seems as if more and more overtly partisan media outlets are popping up. The two...
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...may be several years say, not to write propaganda in this war at all. I am willing to go to it and will send my kids to it and will give what money I have to it but I want to write just what I believe all the way through it and after it. It was the writers in the last war who wrote propaganda that finished themselves off that way. There is plenty of stuff that you believe absolutely that you can write which is useful enough without having to write propaganda….If we are fighting for what we believe in we might as well always keep on believing in what we have believed, and for me this is to write nothing that I do not think is the absolute truth.” -To Maxwell Perkins, Finca Vigia, Cuba, May 30, 1942 It would be nice to designate the Second World War with a factual title, such as The Good War, or The Best War Ever, but in retrospect neither of these titles would be an honest opinion to the military or the civilian victims of the war. Historians and journalists alike, being that one cannot be the other and therefore should never be confused but for the instance of the following should be entitled to the same mistakes, insinuate that the portrayal of the Second World War was an accurate one without the tremendous censorship and propaganda that transpired out of the First World War. Undoubtedly, to believe such an apparent statement of propaganda would be to dismiss the actions and the transformation of the techniques used by propaganda agencies between the two wars. Institutions...
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...nature self-evident. As soon as you remove the cobwebs of ignorance that surround it, it shines clear”. The mass media is the mess of “cobwebs” that surround the truth. Therefore, we need to fully understand how to read the media in order to fully understand the truth. Initially, people do accept the reality they are presented with; however, one must always question what the media says, and become educated on the facts the media presents in order to become media literate and find the truth. The news is important to Americans. According to a Gallup News poll, 55% of Americans turn to just television alone for their news. But sometimes, not even the media knows the real truth. The media does not always have time to fact check and dig deeper into their news stories. News reporting is a fast-paced and hectic industry. If a reporter takes 30 seconds longer than their competition to report on a story, then the competition will get more attention. In the early 2000’s, many news outlets started reporting on a study conducted by the World Health Organization. The study suggested that blond hair wasn't going to exist in the human population after 200 years. Their reasoning was blond hair, being a recessive gene, will slowly be taken over by the other hair colors. They also stated that the last natural blond would be born in Finland. Anyone wanting to find more information about this scientific study would have a difficult time of it, because none of the articles that reported on it...
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...Institution Instructor Class The American mission in Iraq, launched in 2003 as the cornerstone of President Bush’s War on Terror and the beginning of America’s exercise in ‘nation building,’ has captivated and polarized national attention for the entirety of its thus far 2820 day existence. In 2003, much of the Western world unquestioningly accepted Saddam Hussein to be a tyrant in possession of nuclear weapons—and the Iraqi people one of the few in the world still forced to live in fear of a ubiquitous secret police.1 As days of American rule have grown to years, however, this narrative has largely unraveled and found itself reshaped as a web of power structures. As Iraq has emerged from a bona fide civil war, violence between sectarian tribes and the U.S.-Iraqi Government has continued. In the same timeframe in America, we have witnessed two Presidential elections and an increasing tendency of major media outlets to offer commentary and analysis—from a partisan viewpoint. The effect has been toxic: today the mainstream media has fractionated itself into insular cliques which often sacrifice big-picture reporting for attention grabbing headlines. Prior to the Wikileaks release this month, which placed the death toll among Iraqi civilians in the past six years at 66,000, the number killed was unclear and largely outside of American public knowledge. A detailed series of Internet searches for news articles mentioning “Iraqi civilian deaths,” “Iraq civilian...
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...Journalism and Society (MMC 911) Individual project Aisha Ahmed Objectivity in American journalism is a myth: A case study of CNN reports Introduction According to Kevin Carson 2012, the customary ideal objectivity in journalism, otherwise termed as ‘she’ said, ‘he’ said and ‘stenography’ in modern day media practice can be trace to Walter Lippmann. Lippmann’s opinion of the government and society is that, substantial questions are best in the hands of professionals with exposure to scientific understanding, which guard them against stereotypes as well as emotional symbols governing public discuss. (Carson). The question on the existence of an ideal journalistic objective has opened the ground for debate over the years. To some scholars, a standard of objectivity exist, while others have argued that the term is a complete myth. However, there are scholars, who believe that instead of objectivity, journalist should strive for fairness and accuracy in reporting, (neutrality). From a personal perspective, and in agreement with the second school above, objectivity as journalistic ethic is a mere fiction. In fact, it is a plot to disengage and cripple the traditional obligation of journalist to educate its readers, and...
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...rights groups explained that the slain were a group of Tibetan refugees that included monks, women, and children. According to the Chinese government, the soldiers had fired in self-defense after they were attacked by 70 refugees. The posted video seems to render that explanation absurd. The U.S. ambassador to China quickly lodged a complaint protesting China’s treatment of the refugees. Welcome to the YouTube effect. It is the phenomenon whereby video clips, often produced by individuals acting on their own, are rapidly disseminated throughout the world thanks to video-sharing Web sites such as YouTube, Google Video, and others. Every month, YouTube receives 20 million visitors, who watch 100 million video clips a day. There are 65,000 new videos posted every day. Most of the videos are frivolous, produced by and for teenagers. But some are serious. YouTube includes videos posted by terrorists, human rights groups, and U.S. soldiers in...
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...correspondents and their relations with soldiers (Mayfield, 2013). The history between the military and the media lays the foundation for embedded journalism and serves as a reminder that the absence of censorship in past wars provided the impact on todays embedded program into Iraq (Brandenburg, 2007). Military-media relations have been building up over time, it originated with the earliest correspondents in 1850 and today expands through British, French, and American military engagement with the media (Mayfield, 2013). It wasn’t until the second half of the twentieth century that America began utilizing their media to report on current warfare’s. However, journalistic freedom on war coverage became a target of criticism from political and military leaders shortly after the Vietnam War in 1973 and the first Gulf war in 1991. Forty years ago, the ending of the Vietnam War had concluded with a victory, and the start of Americas broadcasting phenomenon had just shifted into drive. As quickly as the Vietnam battle had been lost, news coverage was...
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...South Vietnam was lazy and corrupted. In addition, it also had numerous military issues such as poor pay, classism, and low morale. America wanted the South to use the same guerilla warfare as of the North but it was an utter failure. Nixon and his administration thought that if they could just mirror the North, they could achieve the same level of success. The Tet Offensive showed that guerilla warfare could be extremely effective, but only if the soldiers are capable All in all, the Tet Offensive was fully responsible for the change in public perception and military tactics regarding Vietnam. Before the offense, the American public had some doubt but most believed that victory was easy and near. Once the Viet Cong strike, Americans realized that the war would continue to wage on. The North was capable of matching in troops against the United States and so the war would still be a stalemate but at a higher level of casualties. The offense isolated Johnson from the public and allowed the public to make a more moderate decision, to withdraw troops and back off. Section 3:...
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...Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society http://bst.sagepub.com/ Green Advertising and Green Public Relations as Integration Propaganda Nina Nakajima Bulletin of Science Technology & Society 2001 21: 334 DOI: 10.1177/027046760102100502 The online version of this article can be found at: http://bst.sagepub.com/content/21/5/334 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: National Association for Science, Technology & Society Additional services and information for Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society can be found at: Email Alerts: http://bst.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://bst.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://bst.sagepub.com/content/21/5/334.refs.html >> Version of Record - Oct 1, 2001 What is This? Downloaded from bst.sagepub.com at University of Wollongong on October 1, 2013 BULLETIN2001/SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETYPR Nakajima tober OF GREEN ADVERTISING AND GREEN / Oc- Green Advertising and Green Public Relations as Integration Propaganda Nina Nakajima University of Toronto lic perception must also be managed. To avoid a negative public image, companies can create the perception that they are effectively handling the problem. This way, public support can be maintained while actually doing very little to solve the problem. Technological change continues to accelerate, and with it come unintended...
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...Name Public Relations PR Response Analysis to BP Oil Spill Instructor May 1, 2015 PR Response Analysis to BP Oil Spill This is an analysis of BP’s PR responses to several public audiences and industries after the BP Oil Spill disaster that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico. This disaster is also known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The spill began on April 20th, 2010 on the BP-owned Transocean operated Macondo Prospect. The catastrophe stemmed from a gas release and ensuing explosion on the oil rig. According to BP’s website, “We acted to take responsibility for the clean-up, working under the direction of the federal government to respond swiftly to compensate people affected by the impact of the accident, to look after the health, safety and welfare of the large number of residents and people who helped respond to the spill, and to support the economic recovery of the Gulf Coast’s tourism and seafood industries impacted by the spill. We have conducted studies with federal and state natural resource trustees to identify and define the injury to natural resources in the Gulf of Mexico”. BP allowed their use of social media to expose their corporation’s lack of professionalism and customer service. By addressing important topics from this disaster through social media channels they compromised their integrity immediately. It also was perceived as hiding behind a forum that was less than ideal to use for this particular situation. Society and certain industries can instantly...
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...Living in the Age of Cyber Attacks and Cyber Warfare UMUC If you asked the average person on the street about cybersecurity and cyber warfare, they would probably say they don’t know much about it other than the fact that it involves computers. In fact, for anyone outside of the cybersecurity industry, the closest thing to cyber warfare that they may have experienced was their viewing of the movie War Games, or the fourth installment of the Die Hard series, Live Free or Die Hard. While those movies had a profound impact on the lives of the characters in the script, the audience probably thought it was merely fiction, not fully based on fact. In Live Free or Die Hard, John McClain (played by the indefatigable Bruce Willis) is attempting to stop a domestic cyber-terrorist who is acting out on a vendetta against the United States. The cyber-terrorist is successful in launching an online attack to overload and destroy a power grid that left much of America’s East Coast in darkness. When I first saw this movie, I was curious if an attack like that was really possible; however, most people around me just labeled the movie as “Hollywood’s overactive imagination”. With cyber attacks literally having the ability to affect lives in a nanosecond, it is vital that everyone understand what cyber attacks entail, the impact of these cyber attacks on a domestic and international scale, and knowing what to expect in the future while living in a world dominated by virtual experiences...
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...different counter strategies by the RSF but propaganda as one of the strategy has been partially covered. The study focuses on Rhodesia Front government’s propaganda as a counter insurgency strategy to the guerrilla activities. Propaganda is the control of public opinion. There are three types of propaganda that is white, grey and black propaganda. White propaganda is the dissemination of the truth to someone’s advantage, grey propaganda is the mixture of lies and truth and black propaganda consists of largely but not total lies. All these types were exploited upon implementation of propaganda at different levels through different tactics. Psychological operations which were executed as forms of propaganda involved planned use of communication through words, symbols and actions to influence the behaviour of the targeted audiences and achieve set objectives. The government’s use of propaganda warfare was prompted by a number of reasons which ranged from economic, political, social and military factors. It is worth noting here that, the tempo and conduct of the war varied from one locality to the other depending on the terrain and proximity to strategical areas like borders, transport networks and close to government’s administrative offices. The study is presented in three chapters. The first chapter outlines the reasons for the introduction of propaganda warfare in Chilonga in 1970. It majors on the motives behind implementation of propaganda warfare before the intensification of the...
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...was on the basis that people would be free from any sort of government tyranny. Free speech was the most basic form of abuse that the Founding Fathers sought to eliminate and thus, the Bill of Rights had it as part of the first amendment. Yet, over the next two centuries, the government has been enforcing censorship on things that it deems could harm society. Although there are many things that individuals should not see, including pornography and racist remarks, this can encourage Americans to act in rebellious manners. The government should not censor materials because by doing so, it violates the Constitution, suppresses information from us, and forces people to conform to the views of the government as all written material in books and online are confined to things that are deemed acceptable by the controlling body. By censoring material, the government clearly violates the US Constitution as it limits civil liberties by denying freedom of speech, which is guaranteed to citizens. As American citizens, we have the right to express ourselves as stated in the First Amendment of the sacred document: "Congress shall make no law... prohibiting the free exercise... of speech, or of the press." Therefore, any act that thwarts the media or individuals from getting information out infringes upon their rights. Yet, National Security Letters, those which prevent the recipient of the letter from disclosing that the letter was even received, are still produced by the government and demonstrate...
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...Gabriella Hatzopoulos War & Society Uniting Tactics, Divisive Consequences Rape, torture and murder against innocent civilians- what could cause someone to do such a thing? The My Lai Massacre during the Vietnam War was a result of a war tactic that continues to be utilized today: racism and dehumanization of the enemy. This strategy, employed by the Armed Forces and facilitated by the media back on American soil has proven to be dangerous in that it causes both soldiers and civilians to treat an entire group as subhuman and unworthy of empathy. We can see this in the My Lai Massacre and through the persistent hare crimes against Muslims during the United States’ current “war on terror.” On March 16 1968, 140 men of the American Charlie Company entered the village of My Lai and were ordered to kill whoever they saw. There was the belief that the province of Quang Ngai where My Lai was located was a stronghold for Vietcong guerillas. After increasing frustration with losing their soldiers and not progressing in the war as much as they’d like, the group took their anger out on what was thought was a village of Vietcong enemies. It was the first chance they had to meet the enemy face to face instead of through grenades and booby traps and finally get even. Lieutenant William L. Calley ordered a search and destroy mission and urged that anyone in My Lai was to be considered connected to the Vietcong in some way, and should be killed. Though no guerillas were found when...
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...oldest known drug. Fermented grain, fruit juice and honey have been used to make alcohol (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) for thousands of years. The production of products containing alcohol has become big business in today's society and the consumption and abuse of alcohol has become a major public health problem. The effects of alcohol abuse range from a mild hang over to mass destruction, disease and deaths on a huge scale. Alcohol use in moderation has little or no ill effects either for the user or those around them. But the misuse of what has become one of the world's most dangerous drugs takes a devastating toll on both the drinker and on society as a whole. Most agree that the occasional alcoholic drink never hurt anyone. The real danger lies in binge drinking and the development of a tolerance to alcohol, which causes the drinker to consume every greater quantities of booze in a bid to regain that original but elusive feeling of well being. PROBLEM Attached is a comprehensive community-based primary prevention plan for reducing high-risk and underage alcohol use in a community. Though it is important to realize that any effort to be comprehensive will always be lacking some components, the strategies/activities/tasks listed are possible examples of what could be undertaken to reduce high-risk and underage alcohol use. This plan is intended as a guide for local communities to develop a plan that is 1) focused on primary prevention, 2) community-based, and 3) comprehensive...
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