...Petroleum refers to the hydrocarbon compounds of crude oil and natural gas that are found in the underground rock formations Reservoirs are generally thousands of feet below the surface and are made up of the remains of small marine plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Petroleum may also seep to the earth’s surface along fault lines and cracks Petroleum refers to both crude oil and natural gas Modern uses of petroleum and its byproducts include: Transportation fuels (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and compresses natural gas) Heating Fuels (Propane, heating oil and natural gas) Electric Generation fuels such as natural gas and fuel oil Manufactured products such as plastics and building materials. Crude oil refers to unrefined hydrocarbon mixtures produced from underground reservoirs that are liquid at atmospheric pressure and temperature Classified as either light or heavy depending on the density of the mixture Density is measured in API gravity Heavy crude oil has more of the longer, larger hydrocarbon molecules (greater density) Difficult to produce and transport to market; more expensive to process; weighs more but sells for less Natural Gas refers to hydrocarbon mixtures that are NOT liquid but gaseous at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature. Natural Gas is largely methane, which is a clear, odorless gas. It has the smallest natural hydrocarbon molecule (CH4). Natural Gas mare also contain some of the larger hydrocarbon molecules commonly...
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...Counter Offer to Summary/Offer to Purchase Real Property Due to acquisition of right of way and damages Silver Bullet, Inc. William “Bill” I. Young 1116 Shoal Creek Road | Burnsville | NC 28714 Property Location: 4075 Hwy 19E | Burnsville T:828.208.0006 1|P a g e COUNTER OFFER TO SUMMARY/OFFER TO PURCHASE REAL PROPERTY Submitted to the State of North Carolina Department of Transportation OVERVIEW Retail gasoline businesses, such this gas station and convenience store, are single-purpose economic enterprises. Because of their specialty of design, they cannot be readily converted to other types of businesses without a significant loss in value. Gas station convenience stores are special-built properties designed to make money in only one way, and they are not easily adapted to other uses. These businesses derive a significant part of their gross sales, about 50 percent, from the sale of motor fuels (National Association of Convenience Stores, 2006). The Silver Bullet recorded at one time 77% of gross sales from the sale of gasoline. This business also sold propane and kerosene (2000 UST). This site has (1) 8,000, (2) 6,000, and (1) 2000 gallon warranted (40 yrs) USTs for fuel (installed by Southern Tank & Pump, NC). stations, and canopies, which are situated on-site but separate from the building. Design features create and significantly influence the property value. For example, the fuel service is so specially-designed that if it becomes no longer profitable...
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...SHALE GAS :AN UNCONVETIONAL GAS RESERVOIR SUNJAY,SUSHEEL KUMAR AND NIKHIL JAIN Geophysics ,Geology ,Mining Engg-IIT ,BHU ,Varansi 221005 ,India Sunjay.sunjay@gmail.com,skumarpetro09@gmail.com, nikhilchhajar@gmail.com Summary With a view to energy security of the world, unconventional energy resources - coalbed methane (CBM) , Methane Gas Hydrate, shale gas, basin centred gas ,tight gas, oil shale and heavy oil- exploration and exploitation is pertinent task before geoscientist . Shale gas is natural gas from shale formations which acts as both the source and the reservoir for the natural gas. Each Shale gas reservoir has unique characteristics. Shale has low matrix permeability, so gas production in commercial quantities requires fractures to provide permeability. For a given matrix permeability and pressure, gas production are determined by the number and complexity of fractures created, their effective conductivity, and the ability to effectively reduce the pressure throughout the fracture network to initiate gas production. Understanding the relationship between fracture complexity, fracture conductivity, matrix permeability, and gas recovery is a fundamental challenge of shale-gas development. Shale gas reservoirs almost always have two different storage volumes (dual porosity) for hydrocarbons, the rock matrix and the natural fractures .Because of the plastic nature of shale formations, these natural fractures are generally closed due to the pressure...
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...ideal gas behavior to about the same degree. Internal energy .Internal energy (U) refers to the energy stored in the system by virtue of the configuration and motion of the molecules of the system. *Internal energy is a definite property of the system unlike kinetic energy and potential energy of the system as a whole. *Absolute values of internal energy cannot be measured, only changes from one state to another. *Addition of heat or work to a substance increases the molecular activity, which in turn increases the internal energy. *Specific internal energy represented as internal energy per unit mole or mass is an intensive property. *This form of energy is named internal energy to distinguish it from the kinetic and potential energy of the system resulting from its macroscopic position or motion ENTROPY 1. The function that is fundamental in the development second law of thermodynamics is entropy 2Entropy is a measure of the disorderness of the system 4A spontaneous process occurring in a closed adiabatic system is accompanied by an increase in entropy. 5For a reversible process occurring in a closed adiabatic system, the entropy change must be zero ,as there is no heat exchange. compressibility Factor(z) the compressibility factor measure the deviation of a real gas from ideal behavior.it is the ratio of the volume of a real gas at set of specific temperature & pressure to the volume occupied by the gas at the same tem & pressure if it were an ideal gas. ...
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...Sabrina Reeves Greenville, GA bossladee81.sr@gmail.com - 404-416-2610 To secure a position with a company that allows me to gain knowledge about the industry, products, and services. To be part of a successful business and be allowed to grow with the company. WORK EXPERIENCE Machine Operator Yasafuku - LaGrange, GA - February 2015 to June 2015 Responsibilities Operate a machine that molds and cut the part. The next process is to trim the part and mark it showing that it is complete. Maintain a clean and safe work area. At the EOD input how many parts were done and how many had defects and explain any downtime. Assembly/ Graphic Arts Yamaha - Newnan, GA - May 2013 to April 2014 Newnan, GA Responsibilities includes preparing the body of the recreation vehicle for safety of the customer. Applying warning labels and the graphic arts on the vehicle to make it more appealing for sales. Worked closely with the continuous improvement team to generate ideas to help make the assembly line perform more efficiently. General Assembler/Production MOBIS - West Point, GA - April 2011 to January 2013 West Point, GA Responsibilities included working with a team of assemblers to create and build modules for the Kia automobiles. Assist in problem solving and reworking modules the had defects. Processor/ Receiver T-Mobile NRC - LaGrange, GA - August 2009 to December 2010 LaGrange, GA Responsibilities included receiving handsets returned by the customer. Inspecting the device(s) for any defects...
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...« Study and create flashcards for free at Cram.com Sign In | Sign Up StudyMode - Premium and Free Essays, Term Papers & Book Notes Essays Book Notes AP Notes Citation Generator More Experiment 4: properties of gases By swifty217, june 2013 | 2 Pages (480 Words) | 76 Views | 4.5 1 2 3 4 5 (1) | Report | This is a Premium essay for upgraded members Sign Up to access full essay DID YOU LIKE THIS? TELL YOUR FRIENDS... Send Report Submitted: June 21, 2013 Title: Properties of Gases Purpose: To analyze a few physical and chemical properties of gases as well as using those properties to identify the gases. Procedure: * For Hydrogen I placed a piece of Zn metal into a test tube with diluted HCl. * To produce oxygen I added Hydrogen peroxide to manganese. * Next, I added baking soda to vinegar. This caused a quick and energetic reaction! The gas from the reaction I pumped into some Limewater. * Then I mixed Alka Seltzer and water and pumped the gas caused by that reaction into some limewater. Data: Data Table: Experiment Results | Gas | Flame Reaction | Glowing Splint | Limewater reaction | Bromothymol blue reaction | Hydrogen | It enlarged the flame. | | | | Oxygen | It lit up quickly | | | | Hydrogen & oxygen | It puts it out. | | | | Carbon dioxide | It puts it out | | It bubbled and turned cloudy. | It turned it yellow | Alka Seltzer | | | Bubbles stayed in the...
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...States of Matter Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. The following figure illustrates the microscopic differences. | | | Microscopic view of a gas. | Microscopic view of a liquid. | Microscopic view of a solid. | Note that: * Particles in a: * gas are well separated with no regular arrangement. * liquid are close together with no regular arrangement. * solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern. * Particles in a: * gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds. * liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other. * solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place. Liquids and solids are often referred to as condensed phases because the particles are very close together. The following table summarizes properties of gases, liquids, and solids and identifies the microscopic behavior responsible for each property. Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior | gas | liquid | solid | assumes the shape and volume of its container particles can move past one another | assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another | retains a fixed volume and shape rigid - particles locked into place | compressible lots of free space between particles | not easily compressible little...
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...properties of gasesLab Report for Experiment # 1 Properties of Gases Student's Name Lisa Anthony 20/20 Date of Experiment 09/29/2013 Date Report Submitted Please leave nothing blank Title: Properties of Gases Purpose: To investigate some physical and chemical properties of gases To use these properties to identify these gases when they are encountered Procedure: Have you made any changes to the procedure? Please explain. If you made no changes, state so. (1 point) No Please Note: This lab involves a lot of waiting for the gas collection. Make sure you allot yourself the full three hours to perform the experiments. Observations: Use this table to record all your observations for each section of the experiment. Please use complete sentences. Section in procedure|Observations| 1: Hydrogen|Bubbles were present, gas being produced gas appeared to be clear. Did appear ignite.| 2 : Oxygen|Bubbles were present, showing signs that gas is being produced gas is clear. Did appear to ignite.| 3: Hydrogen/oxygen mixture|Did not appear to be flammable. Match did not ignite | 4: Carbon Dioxide: Part 1|The lime water appeared milky in color when the gas was released into the solution.| 4: Carbon dioxide Part 2|The Bromothymol blue turned yellow in color when the gas was released into the solution| 4: Carbon dioxide Part 3|The lime water appeared milky in color when the gas was released into the solution.| 4: Carbon dioxide...
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...In physics and chemistry, plasma is a state of matter similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles are ionized. After sufficient heating a gas dissociates its molecular bonds, rendering it into constituent atoms. However, further heating may also lead to ionization (a loss or gain of electrons) of the molecules or atoms of the gas, thus turning it into a plasma, containing charged particles: positive ions and negative electrons.[1] The presence of a non-negligible number of charge carriers makes the plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Plasma, therefore, has properties quite unlike those of solids, liquids, or gases and is considered a distinct state of matter. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container; unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers. Some common plasmas are stars and neon signs. In the universe, plasma is the most common state of matter for ordinary matter, most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic plasma (particularly intracluster medium) and in stars. States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Solid, liquid and gas are the most common states of matter on Earth. However, much of the baryonic matter of universe is in the form of hot plasma, both as rarefied interstellar medium and as dense stars. Historically, the distinction...
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...Universal Gas Constant * What are the four measurable properties of gases? Temperature, volume, moles, pressure. * R is the universal gas constant that relate the four properties of gases in one relationship. Write down the formula equal to R. PV = R nT * What is the unit that you used for R? Atm.L\k.mol * Hydrogen gas has properties very nearly like an ideal gas. Write down the equation for the production of H2 gas Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) * In our experiment, the total pressure of the gas was calculated by adding P(hydrogen) and P(water vapor). Where did the water vapor come from? * The H2 is collected over water bath * There is also some water vapor * Pressure of H2 is different than that of H2O * Explain how did you measure the following properties of H2 gas: Temperature of H2 | thermometer | Volume of H2 | HCl in the burette we Invert burette into beaker thwn we read it from the beurette | Moles of H2 | n = m/M | * A burette which contains 0.001 moles of Mg metal and HCl solution, was inverted in water bath of 300 kelvin. The reaction produces 0.025 L of hydrogen gas with a total pressure of 1 atm. Calculate the gas constant of H2. R= PVnT = 1 × 0.0250.001 × 300 = 0.0833 atm.L\k.mol * A 0.614 mole sample of ideal gas at 12 °C occupies a volume of 4.3 L. What is the pressure of the gas? (R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K) 12 °C+273.15=285...
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...TERM PAPER OF CHEMISTRY TOPIC: CARBON NANOTUBE Submitted to Submit by: Mr. Balwant Singh Bhist Mr.Shailja Kant yadav Deptt. Of CHEMISTRY Roll. No. : - A02 Sec: - RC5911 REG NO.:-10905256 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to present my vote of thanks to all those guidepost who really acted as lightening pillars to enlighten our way throughout this project that has led to successful and satisfactory completion of this study. I would express my sincere gratitude to my parents for trusting and investing in me and my future and providing for all my needs and requirements. I also express my deep sense of gratitude to my teacher, Mr. Balwant Singh Bhist – Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University for her constant guidance and kind support throughout this project. I am heartily thankful to my friends Anil Choudhary, Pratik Anand, Suresh Hembrom for helping me with their thoughtful and...
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...World Shale Gas and Shale Oil Resource Assessment SHALE GAS AND SHALE OIL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY INTRODUCTION This report sets forth Advanced Resources’ methodology for assessing the in-place and recoverable shale gas and shale oil resources for the EIA/ARI “World Shale Gas and Shale Oil Resource Assessment.” The methodology relies on geological information and reservoir properties assembled from the technical literature and data from publically available company reports and presentations. This publically available information is augmented by internal (nonconfidential) proprietary prior work on U.S. and international shale gas and shale oil resources by Advanced Resources International. The report should be viewed as an initial step toward future, more comprehensive assessments of shale gas and shale oil resources. As additional exploration data are gathered, evaluated and incorporated, the assessments of shale oil and gas resources will become more rigorous. RESOURCE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY The methodology for conducting the basin- and formation-level assessments of shale gas and shale oil resources includes the following five topics: 1. Conducting preliminary geologic and reservoir characterization of shale basins and formation(s). 2. Establishing the areal extent of the major shale gas and shale oil formations. 3. Defining the prospective area for each shale gas and shale oil formation. 4. Estimating the risked shale gas and shale...
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...Property Owners The first group of stakeholders that needs to be represented in this debate is property owners, specifically property owners who also have natural gas under their property or experience environmental and property damage from fracking. Matt Willie addresses the conflict of private property and gas companies. He summarizes that the main issues involved with hydraulic fracturing and property rights are trespassing, pooling, ownership, and damages (Willie, 1752). For trespassing, the issue that has arisen is whether horizontally drilling under someone else’s property is trespassing (1752). The author then concludes that based on the Texas Supreme Court case Coastal Oil and Gas Corp. v. Garza Energy Trust, extracting gas or oil...
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...v. STATE, Respondent. ON APPEAL TO THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA FROM THE GEORGIA SUPERIOR COURT BRIEF OF PETITIONER Mary Smith Attorney for Petitioner 1234 Main Street Atlanta, Georgia 30301 TABLE OF CONTENTS Index of Authorities ……………………………………………………………………………... 2 Statement of Jurisdiction…………………………………………………………………………. 3 Statement of Issues………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Statement of Facts………………………………………………………………………………... 3 Argument………………………………………………………………………………………. 3-5 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Relief……………………………………………………………………………………………... 5 INDEX OF AUTHORITIES Case Reece v. State, 152 Ga. App. 760,...
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...1 ) Explain how kinetic energyand potential energy determine the properties of the three states and phase changes, what occurs when heat is added or removed from a substance and how to calculate the enthalpy change. Answer In a gas, the potential energy (energy of attraction) is small to the kinetic energy thus, on average, the particles are far apart. This large distance has several macroscopic consequences : a gas fills its container, is highly compressible, and flows easily through another gas. In a liquid , attractions are stronger because the particles are touching, but they have enough kinetic energy to move randomly around each other.Thus, a liquid conforms to the shape of its container but has a surface ; It resists an applied force and thus compresses very slightly ; and it flows, but much more slowly than gases. In a solid, the attractions dominate the motion so much that the particles are fixed in position relative to one another, just jiggling in place. Thus, a solid has its own shape, compresses even less than liquids, and does not flow significantly. Each phase change has a name and an associated entalphy change : Gas to liquid, and vice versa. As the temperature drops, the molecules in the gas come together and form a liquid in the process, changing from a liquid to gas, is vaporization. Liquid to solid, and vice versa. As the temperature drops further, the particles move slower and become fixed in position in the process of freezing ; In common speech...
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