...Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology Interdisciplinary Volume 13 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2013 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 0975-4172 & Print ISSN: 0975-4350 Ethical Issues in Computer use: A Study from Islamic Perspective By Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum International Islamic University, Bangladesh Abstract - Computer users are continuously facing ethical challenges as society adopts new and increasingly complex tools and technologies. These ethical challenges can be managed by Islamic code of life. In this paper, we have studied and tried to identify, how computer affects the ethical issues of the society. In this regards, we have traced some highly related issues to the ethics of computer usage, namely – misuse of time, honesty and integrity, privacy, security, intellectual property right, and computer crime. We have also tried to explain these issues in the light of Qur’an and Hadith. At the end of this paper, we have also suggested some measures that can help in promoting proper use of computer facilities by the Muslim masses without compromising the Islamic principles. Keywords : islamic ethics, computer ethics, privacy, security, computer crime. GJCST-G Classification: K.8.m Ethical Issues in Computer use A Study from Islamic Perspective Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2013. Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum. This is a research/review...
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...Topic Outline Crime and Cyber Risk RMI 4300-Klein Distinctive Features of Crime Risk Common Crimes • Burglary • Robbery • Shoplifting • Fraud • Embezzlement • Forger and Counterfeiting • Vandalism • Arson • Espionage • Computer Crime Fraud • Fraud involves inducing another to act to his or her detriment. • Examples of fraud • A merchant collects payment in advance for good that will not be delivered or will be greatly inferior to what was promised • A customer accepts delivery od goods with the interntion of not paying them • And inventor sells all rights to an invention that has been developed and patented by another • A unauthorized person acquired and uses the account number or pin of someone credit or debit card to change items to that person’s account Forgery and Counterfeiting • Both forgery and counterfeiting involve fraudulently creating or using false or unauthorized versions of currency, documents, artwork or other property that only specified entities or persons have the right to make or use or unauthorized versions of documents such as stock certificates, birth records, lottery tickets, licenses , passports or other papers that only government agencies or other entities can issue. • Two broad types of crimes losses from forgery/counterfeiting o Inducing an organization to accept falsified documents, etc, to exchange something od valye for something that is valueless o Impersonating an organization using and unauthorized or...
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...An Examination of Cybercrime and Cybercrime Research: Self-control and Routine Activity Theory Katherine M. Grzybowski Arizona State University 1 March 2012 Cybercrime 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................3 2. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................4 3. A REVIEW OF CYBERCRIME ...................................................................6 3.1 Cybercrime Legislation ............................................................................7 3.1.1 Federal Laws .................................................................................7 3.1.2 State Laws ......................................................................................9 3.2 Cybercrime Law Enforcement Agencies ................................................11 3.3 Classifying Cybercrime ............................................................................16 3.4 National Levels of Cybercrime ................................................................19 3.4.1 Business Cyber Victimization ......................................................20 3.4.2 Individual Cyber Victimization ...................................................22 4. A REVIEW OF THEORIES..........................................................................26 4.1 Self-control Theory ....................................
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...evidence? a. waxed paper c. plastic materials b. cardboard d. paper bags 2. A zombie is a a. certain type of computer virus. b. computer that has been rendered immobile by a virus. c. computer used by hackers to copy other computer programs. d. computer that has been taken over by another computer. 3. A secretly attached program that monitors a computer system and waits for an error to occur so that the weakness may be exploited is called a a. shadow bomb. c. super-program. b. logic bomb. d. turtle. 4. A virus attack may replace or destroy data on the computer’s hard drive and a. identify bank accounts and financial records. b. leave a “back door” open for later entry. c. obtain one’s access codes. d. defraud the end user. 5. Port scanning is a. looking for access into a computer. b. scanning for a portable computer that is using a wireless system. c. removing data. d. linking access codes. 6. Which of the following is not one of the three general categories of cybercriminals? a. crackers c. criminals b. vandals d. IT professionals 7. Which of the following statements about reshipper schemes is correct? a. These schemes typically involve employees of the U.S. Postal Service, UPS, FedEx or other such businesses. b. The masterminds of reshipper schemes often initiate contact with their victims in chat rooms. c. Scam artists who organize these schemes are frequently charged with sabotage. d. These schemes typically involve intercepting a computer being shipped...
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...The Role of Federal Agencies in Fighting Digital Crime Abstract The United States of America is the most connected and technologically advanced country in the world. The genius of our electrical engineers, computer scientists, and technology companies has helped to change the way that the world does business, made our daily lives safer and more enjoyable, and brought the world closer together. Albeit, these are remarkable innovations, but they have unfortunately given criminals, terrorists, and hostile states new opportunities to steal American property, disrupt our way of life, and compromise our National security. This paper will attempt to show the roles and challenges of law enforcement agencies such as the Secret Service, FBI, Department of Homeland Security, and others that have taken on roles to fight computer crimes and terrorism. This paper will also discuss how the U.S. could align the efforts of these agencies to better protect the nation against digital crimes and terrorism. Keywords: law enforcers, national security, protect, crime The Role of Federal Agencies in Fighting Digital Crime Cyber crooks are always working to steal the privacy and money of hard-working Americans. The computers of American consumers are subject to endless scams and schemes achieved by malicious e-mails, malware turning their computers into unwitting bots that send out unwanted spam, or the plethora of identity theft conjured up by these crooks to steal hard-working people’s...
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...Need of Cyber Crime Law In India Abstract A Cyber space is a virtual space that has become as important as real space for business, education and politics. The growing danger from crimes committed against computers, or against information on computers, is beginning to claim attention in the India. The digital age has dramatically changed the scope of a crime by adding the electronic component and it comes a new form of science ≴Computer Forensic Science≵. Computer Forensic allows for the evidence of cyber crime to be admissible in court when prosecuting the cyber criminal. In most countries, existing laws are likely to be unenforceable against such crime. Cyber laws, as it stand today, gives rise to both positive & negative consequences. The main negative consequences is the digital soup so vague that many refer to it as the dark sides of technology and that cyber criminal currently have upper hand. The applicability and effectiveness of our existing laws need to be constantly reviewed to face the risk coming from the cyber world. In this paper we are going to firstly describe the computer forensic, cyber crimes, cyber laws of nation & technology challenges. Aim of this paper is to act as a catalyst to raise awareness regarding computer forensic which continues to grow as one of the most important branch of science and help in investigation of cyber crime which continues to grow as one of the most potent threats to the Internet and computer users of the cyber society of...
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...An Examination of Cybercrime and Cybercrime Research: Self-control and Routine Activity Theory Katherine M. Grzybowski Arizona State University 1 March 2012 Cybercrime 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................3 2. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................4 3. A REVIEW OF CYBERCRIME ...................................................................6 3.1 Cybercrime Legislation ............................................................................7 3.1.1 3.1.2 Federal Laws .................................................................................7 State Laws ......................................................................................9 3.2 Cybercrime Law Enforcement Agencies ................................................11 3.3 Classifying Cybercrime ............................................................................16 3.4 National Levels of Cybercrime ................................................................19 3.4.1 3.4.2 Business Cyber Victimization ......................................................20 Individual Cyber Victimization ...................................................22 4. A REVIEW OF THEORIES..........................................................................26 4.1 Self-control Theory ...................................................................
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...The Internet and how it Singlehandedly Transformed nearly Every Aspect Crime The Internet and how it Singlehandedly Transformed nearly Every Aspect Crime There are several examples of specific crimes that have been around for centuries that have evolved into computer-based crimes. While these crimes may not be strictly committed with the use of key strokes, the advent of computers and the progression of technology have adapted these crimes making them in a lot of ways easier to commit and more difficult for law enforcement to regulate Regulation and the enforcement of laws become more difficult when the criminal activity is masked by computer technology. It is easy for criminals to commit certain crimes using false information, others identities, and seemingly evaporating paper trails with the use of E-cash. And with personal and business finance being digitized, any savvy tech has the ability to work themselves into these systems and manipulate it to their own personal gain. Embezzlement has been considered a criminal act since the fifteenth century. Embezzlement is defined as the unlawful misappropriation for personal use of money, property, or anything of value that has been entrusted to the offender’s personal care, custody, or control. (Taylor 88). Typically, embezzlement schemes are a result of disgruntled employees that feel they are underpaid, underutilized, or unappreciated. The most common example is bank tellers taking a deposit from the customer...
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...Compare and contrast the nature of white collar crime with other type types of illegal acts. 2. Compare and contrast the typical participants of white collar crime against the participants of other types of illegal acts 3. Discuss the role of technology in white collar crime and how its role may create differences from other forms of crime. 4. Analyze the role of “opportunity” and how it contributes to white collar crime. Provide specific examples to support your response. When Edwin Sutherland first began his study/analysis under the Traditional Summary Reporting System, there was a limited amount of information available on White Color Crime. The white-collar offenses that are measured are fraud, forgery/counterfeiting, embezzlement, and all other offenses. Because white-collar crimes are not Index crimes, the only information available on these offenses is arrest information, which includes age, sex, and race of the arrestee. Additionally, all other offenses arrest category is very limited in its ability to measure the white-collar offenses included in its counts. This is due to the inability to differentiate the white-collar offenses from the others that also fall in this category. Based upon the most recently published data from the FBI, the arrest rates for the offenses of embezzlement, fraud, and forgery/counterfeiting are much lower than the arrest rates for property, crime, or for total crimes in general. In order to assess the utility...
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...Adequacies of Computer-Related Criminal Legislation in the United States, the United Kingdom and Singapore Warren B. Chik* Introduction Computer and Internet usage is on the rise due to lower costs of computer ownership and connectivity as well as faster and easier accessibility. As it is another mode of commercial and personal transaction and one that is heavily dependent on interaction through computers and automatic agents rather than face-to-face meetings, which increases distance and allows anonymity, it is another avenue for crimes to perpetuate. “Computer Crime” encompasses crimes committed against the computer, the materials contained therein such as software and data, and its uses as a processing tool. These include hacking, denial of service attacks, unauthorized use of services and cyber vandalism. “Cyber Crime” describes criminal activities committed through the use of electronic communications media. One of the greatest concerns is with regard to cyber-fraud and identity theft through such methods as phishing, pharming, spoofing and through the abuse of online surveillance technology. There are also many other forms of criminal behaviour perpetrated through the use of information technology such as harassment, defamation, pornography, cyber terrorism, industrial espionage and some regulatory offences. The existing criminal laws in most countries can and do cover computer-related crimes or electronically perpetrated crimes. Offences against the computer are relatively...
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...Adequacies of Computer-Related Criminal Legislation in the United States, the United Kingdom and Singapore Warren B. Chik* Introduction Computer and Internet usage is on the rise due to lower costs of computer ownership and connectivity as well as faster and easier accessibility. As it is another mode of commercial and personal transaction and one that is heavily dependent on interaction through computers and automatic agents rather than face-to-face meetings, which increases distance and allows anonymity, it is another avenue for crimes to perpetuate. “Computer Crime” encompasses crimes committed against the computer, the materials contained therein such as software and data, and its uses as a processing tool. These include hacking, denial of service attacks, unauthorized use of services and cyber vandalism. “Cyber Crime” describes criminal activities committed through the use of electronic communications media. One of the greatest concerns is with regard to cyber-fraud and identity theft through such methods as phishing, pharming, spoofing and through the abuse of online surveillance technology. There are also many other forms of criminal behaviour perpetrated through the use of information technology such as harassment, defamation, pornography, cyber terrorism, industrial espionage and some regulatory offences. The existing criminal laws in most countries can and do cover computer-related crimes or electronically perpetrated crimes. Offences against the computer are relatively...
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...Cyber crime includes everything from electronic cracking to denial of service attacks. It is also used to include traditional crimes in which computers or Research Papers. For that, it is an illegal act in which computers or computer networks are devices, desired goals, and incidental to the crime or places of criminal activities (Rao, 2011). In addition, “This includes anything from downloading illegal music files to stealing millions of dollars from online bank accounts. Cybercrime also includes non-monetary offenses, such as creating and distributing viruses on other computers or posting confidential business information on the Internet” (Ştefan, 2011, p.116). In fact, it is increased in this time. Two years ago there were 250,000 thefts in U.S they wanted steal credit, money in the bank, health insurance, a passport .They want collect a few important number and facts and then use that information to apply for new accounts (Claypoole & Payton, 2008). Cybercrimes can be basically divided into three major categories. There are cybercrimes against people, governments, and properties (Ştefan, 2011). First, Cyber crimes committed against people which consist of activities the posting of obscene and pornographic materials, racist materials or those that instigate to violence, harassment of any nature such as sexual, racial, and religious by the use of computers .For example by mail. In addition, the violation of private life. For example, collection, storage, modification...
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...* Chapter 10: Criminal Law and Cyber Crime * Section 1: Civil Law and Criminal Law * Crime- A wrong against society set forth in a statute and punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment—or in some cases, death * Key Differences Between Civil Law and Criminal Law * Burden of Proof * Civil Case * Plaintiff must prove his or her case by a preponderance of the evidence and must convince the court that based on the evidence presented by both parties; it is more likely than not that the plaintiff’s allegation is true. * Criminal Case * The state must prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. The prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant has committed every essential element of the offense with which she or he is charged * Criminal Sanctions * Much harsher than civil * Involve fines, imprisonment, probation, and sometimes the death penalty * Civil Liability for Criminal Acts * Some torts, such as assault and battery, provide a basis for a criminal prosecution as well as a civil action in tort, * Classification of Crimes * Felonies * Serious crimes punishable by death or by imprisonment for more than one year * Misdemeanors * Less serious crimes punishable by a fine or by confinement for up to a year * Petty...
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...Research In Engineering Volume 1, Issue 9, May-2014 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718 DATA MINING TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE CRIME DATA R. G. Uthra, M. Tech (CS) Bharathidasan University, Trichy, India. Abstract: In data mining, Crime management is an interesting application where it plays an important role in handling of crime data. Crime investigation has very significant role of police system in any country. There had been an enormous increase in the crime in recent years. With rapid popularity of the internet, crime information maintained in web is becoming increasingly rampant. In this paper the data mining techniques are used to analyze the web data. This paper presents detailed study on classification and clustering. Classification is the process of classifying the crime type Clustering is the process of combining data object into groups. The construct of scenario is to extract the attributes and relations in the web page and reconstruct the scenario for crime mining. Key words: Crime data analysis, classification, clustering. I. INTRODUCTION Crime is one of the dangerous factors for any country. Crime analysis is the activity in which analysis is done on crime activities. Today criminals have maximum use of all modern technologies and hi-tech methods in committing crimes. The law enforcers have to effectively meet out challenges of crime control and maintenance of public order. One challenge to law enforcement and intelligence agencies is the difficulty...
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... 2 Abstract This paper will explain and examine topics related to a court case with Bidders Edge and EBay. EBay is claiming that Bidders Edge was trespassing on their website by accessing their servers without permission to use EBay’s information on the Bidder’s Edge website for their customers. (IPfrontline, 2000). 3 There are many different forms of trespassing. Each state has different laws to prosecute trespassers to the fullest extent. A common element in all computer trespassing crimes is that the trespasser accessed the computer or computer systems without proper authorization. (Iprotect, 2004). Bidders Edge was trying to do something different that EBay’s regular costumers do by using their website to include EBay’s products to list on the Bidder Edge website for their customers to comparison shop for products. A regular EBay customer would go directly to the EBay website to search for a product that they were looking to place a bid on and purchase. (Clampet, 2000). EBay wanted to prevent Bidder’s Edge from gaining access to their products and their website because this would cause EBay’s servers to slow down and also said that Bidder’s Edge system fails to ensure that the information on their website is correct. (Wolverton, 2000). Trespassing can have many different definitions and meanings. The traditional definition of trespassing to personal property is to intrude or cause damage to someone’s private property. (Hartman & DesJarding...
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