... : sadia Khalid bajwa Department of Education Faculty of Social Sciences International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan movement Reformation of Educational and Political Context The Pakistan Movement refers to the successful historical movement against British and Indian to have an independent Muslim state( Pakistan) created from the separation of the north-western region of the Indian subcontinent. This movement was direct by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, along with other prominent founding fathers of Pakistan together with Allama Iqbal and Liaqat Ali Khan. Movements through which Muslims passed for the demand of Islam/Pakistan 1857 War of Independence 1885 Formation of the Indian National Congress 1906 Founding of the All-India Muslim League 1914-18 World War I 1866 Tahrik-i-Deoband 1892 Nadva-Tul-Ulema 1884 Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam, Lahore Khilafat movement 1919-23 1928 Nehru Report 1929 Fourteen Points of Jinnah 1930 Allama Iqbal Address 1939-45 World War II 1940 Pakistan Resolution 1946 The Cabinet Mission 1947 Creation of Pakistan 1857 War of Independence War of the independence was fought by Indian Muslims and Hindus but after conquer war the Muslims and Hindus started thinking different. British army engage the local...
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...Marketing Strategy of Cadbury Cadbury India is a food product company dealing in Chocolate Confectionery, Beverages, Candy and Snacks. Cadbury is the market leader in Chocolate Industry with a market share of 70%. Some of their favorite products are Cadbury Dairy Milk, Perk, 5 Star, Celebrations, Eclairs, Gems and Temptations, Bournvita. John Cadbury, the founder of the Cadbury business was born on 12th August 1801. Cadbury was founded 200 years ago when John Cadbury has opened his shop in Birmingham selling chocolate and cocoa with other glossary. Cadbury started its operation in India in 1948 by importing chocolates and distributing in the Indian Market. This project shows some research on current marketing strategy used by Cadbury in Indian market. I have also try to find some of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats of the Cadbury for Indian chocolate industry. Table of Contents 3 1. About Cadbury 4 2. Cadbury in India 4 3. Aim & Objective of the Project 6 4. Comparative Analysis 7 5. Marketing Mix of Cadbury 9 10 6. Current Marketing Strategies used by Cadbury and Market Segments 14 7. SWOT Analysis of Cadbury 16 8.Conclusion 17 9. Reference List 18 About Cadbury Cadbury was founded 200 years ago. Cadbury is a food product company producing Chocolate products. They are the market leader of this industry holding 70% of the total market share. Some of the well-known products of Cadbury are Dairy Milk, Perk, 5 Star, Eclairs, Celebrations, Temptations...
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...PROJECT ON “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN” Master of Commerce Semester-I (2013-2014) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By VIshwanath Vinod Acharya Seat No: ______ Tolani College of Commerce Sher-e-Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Vishwanath Acharya of M.Com Semester I (2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN” under the guidance of Dr.Vasudev Iyer. Project Guide: ____________________________ Course Coordinator: ____________________________ External Examiner: ____________________________ Principal: ____________________________ DECLARATION I, Vishwanath Acharya , the student of M.Com Semester-I (2013-2014) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN ” in the course Economics of Global Trade and Finance. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. References have been cited wherever necessary. Date: ___________ Place: Mumbai Signature of Student Vishwanath V. Acharya ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparing the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN ” has given me extensive practical knowledge related to the course. I would like to first thank our principal Dr.A.A.Rashid, for his valuable support in preparing this project. I express my deep sense of Gratitude...
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... | |[pic]Bangalore | |[pic]Trivandrum | |[pic]Hyderabad | | | |Bangalore was renamed Bengaluru which has been the city's name in the local dialect for years. On December 11, 2005, the | |Government of Karnataka accepted the proposal of U. R. Anathamurthy, a Jnanpith Award winner (the highest literary award | |in India) regarding the name change. On 1 November 2006 ten different cities in the state of Karnataka were renamed. | |To be 'Bangalored' is...
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...Sardar Sarovar Project Exercising the Other Option There are technical alternatives to this mega-scheme which can provide the required water and power. The Sardar Sarovar project (SSP) has been dogged by controversy ever since its inception in the Sixties. Flaws have been pointed out in almost every aspect of the project, from the basic assumption of water available to power generation and irrigation efficiency. To cap it all, activists have raised doubts about the rehabilitation and resettlement (R&R) package -- a key issue on which the World Bank pulled out from the project. Every now and then, the question whether a technical alternative to the SSP exists or not has come up. There are many. And the recent meeting on SSP in Delhi provided ample evidence for this. These alternatives can work even without altering the Narmada Tribunal's division of waters among the benefitting states (Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra) as well as the structures built already. The meeting, which was attended by officials from the Planning Commission, the Central Water Commission and the Central Electricity Authority, called for an immediate comprehensive review of the technical, social and human aspects of the project, based on the latest data (which was not available to the Tribunal) and incorporating modern methodologies. Interestingly, Sardar Sarovar Nigam (SSN) did not participate. Consider some of the contentious issues. The Planning Commission had sanctioned...
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...Bangladesh Bangladesh is important to world energy markets because of its large potential natural gas reserves. Bangladesh's location near India, plus southeast Asia, also makes it a potentially important regional energy trading hub. Note: information contained in this report is the best available as of February 2002 and can change. GENERAL BACKGROUND Bangladesh has received more than $30 billion in disbursed grant aid and loans from foreign donors (including the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the U.N. Development Program, the United States, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Western Europe) since its independence in 1971, but remains one of the poorest and most densely populated countries in the world. Bangladesh historically has run a large trade deficit, which it finances largely through foreign aid and remittances from the many Bangladeshi workers abroad (largely in the Persian Gulf region). Overall, foreign aid provides Bangladesh with around 40% of government revenues and 50% of foreign exchange. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has stated that Bangladesh's main problems include civil unrest and political instability, natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Bangladesh is primarily agricultural (around two-thirds of the labor force and 35% of the gross domestic product -- GDP), although urbanization is proceeding rapidly. This heavy reliance on agriculture makes Bangladesh vulnerable to natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, and droughts, as well...
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...PAK-INDIA RELATIONS Section I: Introduction It is axiomatic that Pakistan and India share a turbulent and complex, if also short, history. While the dynamics of the relationship may shift from time to time, numerous existential issues remain in place. Characterised by mistrust, contrasting interests and the oft-quoted ‘missed opportunities’, the bloodshed of 1947 has been replaced by a more diverse set of issues that continue to mar the relationship. Kashmir has come to exemplify the classic case of a territorial dispute between neighbouring countries in the modern world composed of nation States. Extended hostile periods have only been sporadically separated by periods of relative peace – interludes that many hoped would prolong into perpetuity. But failures of State, internal conflicts, deep-rooted differences and perhaps unavoidable circumstances have meant that these spells of tranquillity remain mere specks of light in an otherwise dark corridor, at best offering missed opportunities. In studying the Pakistan-India ties, it is simplistic but also convenient to divide them into phases with regard to important junctures in South Asian history. None of the occasions that gave rise to optimism could ultimately become the watershed they were built up to be. The most recent such case was in 2004; following a prolonged period of military standoff, there began a ‘peace process’ led by President Musharraf and Prime Minister Vajpayee. This phase was significant since it allowed...
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...POSCO Proposed Project in Orissa – Case Study & Analysis Disclaimer • • • • While studying & analysing the case supplementary reading materials have been referred to (source: the Internet) & also quoted in this text. Figures, images & other exhibits used in answering the questions of the case have been sourced from the internet. The name of the state of Orissa has been changed to Odisha. However, for the sake of consistency & in line with the case the state has been referred to as Orissa throughout in the answers. All dates & timelines mentioned in the answers are with reference to the time frame of the case. 1. What are the socio-economic and environmental costs of proposed POSCO Projects? Before proceeding to identify the socio-economic and environmental costs of proposed POSCO Projects lets quickly look into the broad aspects of the project first from the state’s, the company’s & the steel industry’s perspectives in general: The Pohang Iron and Steel Company, or POSCO based in Pohang, South Korea, is the world's fourthlargest steel maker by market value and Asia’s most profitable steelmaker. Korea is the world leader in shipbuilding & gradually becoming a leading automobile manufacturer in the world. Both these industries depend heavily on steel & this is where the role & importance of POSCO for supplying steel becomes paramount. POSCO has been seen as the bedrock of Korea's industrial development over the past 40 years. The steel market, growing at an annual...
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...Telecom Industry in India 1. INDUSTRYOVERVIEW 1.1 Background The Indian Telecommunications network is the third largest in the world and the second largest among the emerging economies of Asia. Today, it is the fastest growing market in the world. The telecommunication sector continued to register significant success during the year and has emerged as one of the key sectors responsible for India’s resurgent India’s economic growth. 1.1.1 Growth This rapid growth has been possible due to various proactive and positive decisions of the Government and contribution of both by the public and the private sector. The rapid strides in the telecom sector have been facilitated by liberal policies of the Government that provide easy market access for telecom equipment and a fair regulatory framework for offering telecom services to the Indian consumers at affordable prices. 1.1.2 Wireline Vs Wireless It has also undergone a substantial change in terms of mobile versus fixed phones and public versus private participation. The preference for use of wireless phones has also been predominant in the sector. Participation of the private entities in the telecom sector is rapidly increasing rate there by presenting the enormous growth opportunities. There is a clear distinction between the Global Satellite Mobile Communication (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technologies used and the graph below shows the divide between the two. 1.2 Segment wise Status 1.2.1 Wireline Services...
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...historical Shimla Agreement, India sought to make sure that Pakistan would take steps to recognize Bangladesh. Pakistan sought China's help in blocking Bangladesh's entry into United Nations until 1974. Behind the scene India rallied behind Bangladesh to help gain international recognition. By end of March 1973, approximately 99 countries had recognized Bangladesh.[1] Pakistan eventually recognised Bangladesh in 1974. History Liberation war and independence After the partition of British Indian Empire by the United Kingdom in 1947, Bangladesh was integrated in Pakistan which was known as East Bengal until 1955 and thereafter as East-Pakistan following the One Unit program. Bilateral relations between the two wings grew strained over the lack of official recognition for the Bengali language, democracy, regional autonomy, disparity between the two wings, ethnic discrimination, and the central government's weak and inefficient relief efforts after the 1970 Bhola cyclone, which had affected millions in East Pakistan. These grievances led to several political agitations in East Bengal and ultimately a fight for full independence. In March 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces began "Operation Searchlight," which targeted intellectuals, political activists, Hindus and other minorities.[2] The figure of people killed by Pakistani forces remains disputed, with estimates ranging from 300,000 to 3 million.[3][4] About 8-10 million people became refugees in India.[5] Many Bengali policemen...
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...Trade Relation between India and Pakistan. Introduction India and Pakistan have been trying, though not very successfully, since the Shimla Agreement, 1972, to create political harmony. Several attempts later, the political and security issues have only become worse. It is imperative to explore the bilateral trade relations between India and Pakistan, so as to seek a way towards a deeper engagement, as these two countries have the potential to change the geopolitical dynamics of Asia.We shall first explore the history of bilateral trade relations between the two nations. History of Trade between India and Pakistan Bilateral trade between India and Pakistan could be of mutual gain to both as they were not separate once. Mumbai and Karachi, their major business centres are near each other, which serves another advantage. But these advantages are marred by disadvantages such as, non-tariff barreiers, poor trade facilitation measures like customs and porcedural barriers, difficult visa regime, poor infrastucture resulting in costly transportation, and many more. At the time of independence, almost3/5th of Pakistan’s total exports were directed towards the Indian market, and 1/3rd of its imports came from India (Sangani and Schaffer 2003). But discord in political relations obstructed bilateral trade. After India’s devaluation of its currency in 1949, Pakistan refused to devalue its currency and later imposed import restrictions...
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...Union Budget 2014-15 10th July, 2014 Union Budget 2014-15 Budget 2014-15 Holistic Plan of Action In comparison to the less than ordinary and unimaginative budgetary proposals of yester years, Modi’s maiden budget comes as a welcome change from the norm. The proposals and reforms suggested in the Union Budget 2014-15 are ground breaking, specific with a good measure of thought & common sense and vastly catered for holistic growth of the economy. The challenging circumstances of a slowing economy, soaring energy prices, inflation, fiscal and current account deficits do not provide adequate leeway to maneuver and hit the path of high growth. Yet the Budget provides a comprehensive plan and directional footprint towards overcoming these hurdles to sustainable growth of 7-8% over the next few years along with providing macro economic stability, lowered inflation, realistic fiscal health targeting and a manageable current account deficit. Country is in no mood to suffer unemployment & apathetic governance 10th July, 2014 Union Budget 2014-15 Budget 2014-15 Holistic Plan of Action The Finance Minister while presenting the budget takes cognizance of the fact that decisive action to fuel growth without populism is the need of the hour. And that resources for developmental expenditure cannot be raised at the cost of burdening the future generations with the legacy of debt. He goes on to emphasize the need to mobilize resources through both tax and non-tax...
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...Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Neeraj Gupta, Lecturer, School of Business, Faculty of Business & Applied Arts, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. Rajan Girdhar, Research Fellow, Faculty of Business & applied Arts, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India. ABSTRACT With increasing globalization and international trade, a number of international brands are entering into India which is one of the fastest growing and highly competitive markets in the world. Though, most of the global firms failed to understand the needs of Indian consumers as well as the market characteristics but there are a few of them who have been successful in positioning their brands into the Indian market because they attempt to understand well the needs of target group before introducing a brand into the market. Even some of the most successful brands in today’s time had committed several blunders or mistake while initially entering into Indian market. For instance, Kellogg’s, McDonald’s, LG, Reebok and Coca-Cola are among such global brands who initially introduced standard products by following standardized global strategies but later realized their mistakes and thus modified their product or services according to the needs of Indian consumers and became successful. This research is an attempt to investigate why some international brands, that are successful globally, fail to attract significant market share in India. Keywords: Globalization, Global brands...
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...CoNTE j\:\PORA.R'f Contents Foreword Preface iii v Chapter 1 The Cold War Era 1 Chapter 2 The End of Bipolarity 17 Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics 31 Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power 51 Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia 65 Chapter 6 International Organisations 81 Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World 99 Chapter 8 Environment and Natural Resources 117 Chapter 9 Globalisation 135 Chapter 1 The Cold War Era OVERVIEW This chapter provides a backdrop to the entire book. The end of the Cold War is usually seen as the beginning of the contemporary era in world politics which is the subject matter of this book. It is, therefore, appropriate that we begin the story with a discussion of the Cold War. The chapter shows how the dominance of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, was central to the Cold War. It tracks the various arenas of the Cold War in different parts of the world. The chapter views the NonAligned Movement (NAM) as a challenge to the dominance of the two superpowers and describes the attempts by the non-aligned countries to establish a New International Economic Order (NIEO) as a means of attaining economic development and political independence. It concludes with an assessment of India’s role in NAM and asks how successful the policy of nonalignment has been in protecting India’s interests. The end of the Second...
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...October 2011: 1 | | Cabinet approves Bill to share mining profits | * Mines and Mineral Development and Regulation (MMDR) Bill, 2011 * Provides for mining companies to keep aside 26% of their net profits for a Mineral Development Fund to be used for development and rehabilitation of project-affected people in the tribal areas of the country * For the non-coal companies, amount will be equivalent to the royalty they pay * Appointed a regulatory body for overseeing the functioning of the mining sector and measures to tackle illegal mining | Maoist problem in West Bengal | * In Jangalmahal region of West Bengal * Maoists: Operations by security forces and peace talks cannot go together. | Yasin Malik's arrest sparks protests | * After police detained JKLF chairman Mohammad Yasin Malik for taking out a rally against the death sentence awarded to Afzal Guru | Court allows export of unused endosulfan | * SC has allowed the export of unused stock of endosulfan. * But the ban on use and production of the pesticide will continue | FDI in beekeeping | * GOI allowed 100 per cent FDI in beekeeping, also known as ‘apiculture' under automatic route * Other areas in which the permission has already been given: * Plantation * Horticulture * Seeds * Cultivation of vegetables and mushrooms * Animal husbandry * Pisciculture * Aquaculture | 2 | | Neelima's application for visa rejected | * American Consulate in Mumbai rejected Magsaysay...
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