...argued that the turn to imperialism by the United States in the late nineteenth century was of a piece with expansionist policy that dated back to the founding of the nation. Many of the justifications were similar, including a civilizing mission, expanding economic opportunities, competition with foreign powers, and others. Additionally, the anxieties that resulted from the closing of the frontier (most famously expressed in Frederick Jackson Turner's 1893 essay The Significance of the Frontier in American History) are often cited as driving forces for continued expansion as a way of maintaining American vitality in a modern world. Yet imperialism marked a major departure from previous US policy. For more than a century, political leaders had emphasized American isolation from the problems of the world. By mid-century, however, the desire for new markets for United States manufactured goods had resulted in increasing involvement in foreign affairs. The United States became an imperialist power for reasons of wealth, land, and power in the late eighteenth century. Though ideologically convincing, the imperialist policies that the US followed proved to be unsuccessful in a number of instances. From 1890 to about 1911, many Americans held the strongest of reservation either in favor or against United States imperialism. Thus, the debate over imperialism is split into two categories: Imperialists and anti-imperialists. The debate surrounding imperialism was indeed one of the greatest...
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...The Mission The movie ‘’The Mission’’ takes place in 1750 in South America. The mission was to try to protect a remote South American Indian tribe in danger of falling under the rule of the pro-slavery Portugal. The mission is based on the events surrounding the Treaty of Madrid, in which Spain ceded part of the South America to Portugal. The territory included seven Jesuits mission and colonized Indian tribes. To the Spanish, the Indians were good Christians. To the Portuguese, they were better slave’s local missionaries and Indians in short were embroiled in a hopeless power struggle involving two great Kingdoms and the Vatican. The movie demonstrates graphically form a normal human point of view. The two main reasons the mission is threatened are imperialism and greed. Greed is excessive desire to acquire or possess more than that one needs or deserves, especially with respect to material wealth. In this movie, that translates into how the Portuguese only wanted to gain these lands for profit. Since natives lived there, the Portuguese wanted to gain the land so they could trade slaves there. This was the reason Mendoza disregarded his vows and fought against the Portuguese. The other reason, imperialism, is the policy of extending a nation’s authority by territorial acquisition on by the establishment of economic and political domination over the nations. The movie involves ‘’Captain Rodrigo Mendoza,’’ who played by Robert De Miro, is a Spanish mercenary...
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...Farr-Killian DeVry University: HIST405 Professor Thomas Keyser March 6, 2016 Jules Ferry is known for being a politician and twice the Prime Minister of France in the 18th century. Ferry wrote a pro-expansion speech to recite for the French Parliament on March 28, 1884. The main idea for his speech was to justify the policy on colonial expansion by addressing the need for growth in the French commerce. Is Ferry acting in good faith to the French or is it his own greed and the need to be superior, especially with the African countries? Jules Ferry was concerned with economic strategies, because major industries of France were lacking outlets to export their goods such as textiles, Germany and the United States had set up trade barriers, he considered the United States of America perfectionists, he feared that the South American markets would be taken over by North America, and he knew that the markets of France were not only shrinking but being taken over by the “great states”. Ferry also realized that times had changed, warships could not carry more than two week worth of coal and the need for a place to supply, shelter, and as port of defense was needed. Therefore, it was urgent for France to acquire more colonies. The arguments against imperialism have been raised by Ferry’s critics, by Jules Ferry, (1884) stating “indeed the higher races have a right over lower races.” (para.4). He also stated “the superior races have a right and duty to civilize...
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...In the 20th century, a marvelous change happened in the United States foreign policy from isolationism to imperialism. Since Manifest Destiny was already completed, America, having an arrogant attitude, had the ambition for expanding overseas. The desire for new economic markets, the sensationalistic “yellow press,” Protestant missionary overload, philosophy, enmity of great-power, and naval competition are all factors in transforming America to the untouchable nation. In 1895 to 1896, the Venezuelan boundary crisis showcased an aggressive and new assertion of the Monroe Doctrine. Due to the United States intervening, it led to the American-British reconcilement after an astringent war panic. Since America’s government was obsessed with expansion,...
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...During the late 19th century, there were very different opinions on how the US should function as a global power. Some believed that the US should be a nation with ideals similar to “Conquer and Civilize” when dealing with smaller surrounding countries seeking independence. Other people, sometimes involved in some of the progressive reform movements, felt that the US should not become an Imperialist nation, stating that we broke away from one so why become another. Either way that Imperialism was viewed, its discourse greatly shaped the US leading into the 20th century. During the 1890s America began to expand its economies and thus needed new markets. Because of the treaties we created with other nations and the wars we participated in- the Spanish American War- we had an isolationist attitude; not exactly the best attitude for dealing with foreign affairs. After the war when we “claimed” the territories that we had fought in, Americans had mixed feelings. Of those who agreed, there were a few reasons on it would be good to participate in the war and what...
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...The quest for power could have both positive and negative effects, but in cases like these, the cons outweigh the pros. Although the outcome of a situation may depend on the person and their actions, there is always the chance that they could have a change of heart and the outcome could be positive. The majority of occasions has outcomes that are negative because of someone's quest for power. In the 1800s the United States began to imperialize other places in search of power. The Macbeths were greedy in their quest for power and resulted in more than one terrible outcome. For few reasons, stories such as The Metamorphosis could be considered an example of abuse of power as well as movies like Profoundly Normal. This is because they both show...
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...20th century. Reconstructing the story of Colombian birds allows the author to build a history that not only analyzes the early and complex scientific relations between the United States and Colombia, but also takes into account the importance of North America's growing influence over Latin America as well as Colombia's changing economic, cultural and social history to understand different perception of the natural world in both countries. For a North American, the study of birds brought forth a natural world where US imperialist intentions over Latin America were entirely legitimized. For Colombian naturalists, the study of birds offered another way to promote relations with the United States and incorporated Colombia into the international arena of science. At the same time, a toucan in 1940 had a different meaning to a North American, who in the midst of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor policy, approached Latin America as an important economic and political ally, than to a Colombian rooted in the context in which nationalism had a very strong current. In other words, a study of the changing meaning of Colombian birds allows us to understand the many ways in which imperialism, nationalism, and...
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...The concept of sociology had been recognized by independent philosophers since the dawn of organized civilization. Philosophers such as Confucius and Xenophanes in their works had hinted at the clash of cultures and social hierarchy. Later, in the 14th century, Arab scholars such as Al Jahiz and Ibn Khaldun's compliled books on the history of society itself. These works are known to be forerunners of sociology. In fact, books written by Ibn Khaldun on social cohesion and conflict were translated into Latin in the 15th century. However, Sociology as a discipline has only been around since the late 17th century. Sociology then was very much the product of a rapidly changing world, from the violent revolutions in France to the subtle urbanization of Europe over a period of hundred years. Each philosopher, depending on the time period he was born in, and his background, contributed to sociology in his own unique way.The term "sociologie" was first coined by a French essayist named Emmanuel in the 17th century. However, little is known about his other contributions towards the field. Among most notable of early sociologists was Auguste Compte. He largey thought of sociology as a positivist science. In fact he himself coined the term positive philosophy . In his works, he established three stages of attainment of knowledge, theological, metaphysical and positive. Many historians belief that his conclusions on positivism and sociology were a direct result of the bloody French Revolution...
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...document Che Guevara Vietnam must not stand alone Now is the time of the furnaces, and only light should be seen. JOSÉ MARTI Twenty one years have already passed since the end of the last world conflagration; numerous publications, in every possible language, celebrate this event, symbolized by the defeat of Japan. There is a climate of apparent optimism in many areas of the different camps into which the world is divided. Twenty one years without a world war, in these times of maximum confrontations, of violent clashes and sudden changes, appears to be a very high figure. However, without analysing the practical results of this peace (poverty, degradation, increasingly large exploitation of enormous sectors of humanity) for which all of us have stated that we are willing to fight, we would do well to inquire if this peace is real. 79 It is not the purpose of these notes to detail the different conflicts of a local character that have been occurring since the surrender of Japan, neither do we intend to recount the numerous and increasing instances of civilian strife which have taken place during these years of apparent peace. It will be enough just to name, as an example against undue optimism, the wars of Korea and Vietnam. In the first one, after years of savage warfare, the Northern part of the country was submerged in the most terrible devastation known in the annals of modern warfare: riddled with bombs; without factories, schools or hospitals;...
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...sensitive to public opinion, learned early in its development to supply their audiences with heroes that fit the prevailing social and political climate. America during the post-depression pre-war period, reviving from the hard life of poverty, despair, disillusioned with government, personal success, and lacking pride in their country were hungry for diversion. Hollywood supplied them with the Three Stooges, gangsters, private eyes, dashing white-coated sophisticates, dancing girls and musicals. Moreover, while this diversion was taking place, a part of the Hollywood elite were using their power to shape and influence the collective mind of America by producing movies depicting the struggle of man against hardship, our early heritage, the dignity of man, and the reconnecting of the people into a powerful nation. The Good Earth (1937), Drums Along the Mohawk (1939), Meet John Doe (1939), and Mr. Smith goes to Washington (1939), are examples. The heroes of these movies were the average everyday man or woman, thrown in to circumstances beyond their control. They were the reluctant heroes of their time, yet they were able to show that anyone could be a hero if they needed to. Rich, poor, short, or tall the audience could emphasize with these types of movies, and heroes as many of the audience were against political corruption, and pro-labor. The Grapes of Wrath (1940) by John Steinbeck, is the best example of a film depicting the plight of the average poor share croppers forced from...
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...walked up to you and said, You know I really dont think America will last if we all continue our current way of life? The fact that the government created a slogan for their current war, The War Against Terror, as though it were the newest line-up of clothes, goes to show that in America, money talks. Many Americans beg to be a world power, a financial king, and a war tyrant as well. The innocent lives lost and destroyed never touch our comfortable luxurious living rooms. For many people, myself included, this seems like the worst possible problem. Trying to change the core values of an entire nation is an enormous task; a task that for some individuals, may seem rather impossible. If you are innocent then why did you run and hide? Arundhati Roy uses this type of questioning when considering the U.S. government in Come September. One suspicious tactic is the widely used label of anti-American. American establishments have tried to single out critics and protesters referring to them as anti-American. This mixed with the constant reminder of the September 11 attack dubbed 9/11 gives citizens the feeling that if you are not a war zealot then you might as well be a terrorist. I myself have felt as though if I do not strongly support the governments actions then I am betraying my county and my fellow man. As Arundhati Roy states,An anti-national is a person who is against her own nation and, by inference, is pro some other one. But it isnt necessary to be anti-national...
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...Timeline Part II NOTE: Before starting the Timeline project please refer to the "Example Timeline Matrix" document. Instructions: Complete the matrix by providing the Time Period/Date(s) in column B, and the Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History in column C. See complete instructions in the Syllabus for the Module 3 assignment entitled. “Timeline Part II.” NOTE: The timeline project does not need to be submitted to turnitin. NOTE: Please write your answers in a clear and concise manner. Limit your submission of the Timeline Part II up to 250 words per topic/subtopic. For example, if a topic is divided into 3 subtopics, you may write a maximum of 250 per subtopic listed. Be sure to cite all sources. Major Event/Epoch in American History | Time Period/Date(s) | Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History | 1) The evolution of the institution of slavery from the Colonial Period to the 1860s. | 1619 - 1865 | Slavery began with in 1619 with the first slaves brought to Virginia as indentured servants. As time goes by, slavery becomes more popular, to help with farming large farms or plantations. Though the Declaration of Independence in 1776 states that “all men are created equal” this did not apply to people of color. By the time the Civil War starts, slavery is big business, and the south is fighting for the right to keep it. In 1865 the U.S. abolishes slavery with the 13th Amendment. | 2) The socio-cultural...
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...Though the conflict over international policies remained centered in US government, their decision was once again at the expense of Native Hawaiians with whom, though they made clear efforts of protest and objection, the US government never attempted to compromise with. For the time being, Hawaii’s annexation as an effect of imperial policy benefitted sugar and pineapple plantation owners, who now did not have to pay tariffs, gave the US a strategic base in the Pacific, and ended the rule of the Hawaiian Monarchy. For the United States, taking on imperialist policy and electing a pro-imperialist president in the late 1800s opened the country to more diplomatic and political relationships with other countries and more foreign involvement, setting the United States up to become the dominant world power that it is today. Native Hawaiians, still have to face the repercussions of US’ actions and other foreign...
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...have worked hard to succeed and have freedom without the government intervene. Three examples are “A Grain of Sand” music for the struggle by Asian in America, “Shortcomings” by Adrian Tomin, and music from Sudden Rush, “EA” and K-Pop, which explains Asian Americans obtain the American Dream. American Dream is a set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility for the family and children, achieved through hard work in a society with few barriers. The term American Dream is used in many ways, but it is an idea that suggests that anyone in the United States can succeed through hard work and have the potential to lead a happy, successful life. Many people have expanded upon the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful. The American dream is achieved through sacrifice, risk-taking and hard work, not by chance. In “A Grain of Sand”, “You are the music You are the song You are the ones To whom the future belongs,” (Iijima – Miyatmoto 3) this shows the freedom that helps make you succeed in life and prosper. In the article, the poem, “Wandering Chinaman”, “I left my home and my parents at the age of twenty-one. In a family of eight…I arrived in this country in 1925.”(Chin 4) This part of the poem shows the risk taken to come to America to live the American Dream. “When I’d saved enough, and thought that I was done, then came a world war…I decided to marry, and sent away for a wife. I settle...
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...development model to stimulate their advance towards a modern and affluent society; this was mirrored globally, for various reasons ranging from economic self-interest to genuine humanitarianism. Development institutions such as the United Nations and International Monetary Fund were created, both in 1945, to aid international cooperation and economic development. The prominent theories of development have long been debated. Adelman (2001, p 103) said “no area of economics has experienced as many abrupt changes in its leading paradigm since Wold War 2 as economic development”. The two competing perspectives of development theory I shall compare and contrast are the Modernization and Dependency theories, both will also be applied to Latin-America. Modernization Theory dominated developmental economics in the 1950’s and 60’s. It explains underdevelopment is a result of traditional society systems, caused by internal problems within the country. The typical characteristics of these traditional societies are a subsistence way of living, a lack of innovation and technology leading to limited productivity and a hierarchical social structure with landowners at the top of the tree. The proposed way of getting out of this underdevelopment is by becoming “modern” and passing through common and correct developmental stages. Developing...
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