...Human trafficking is the forceful transportation, recruitment, or trade of persons for the purpose of exploitation in such forms as prostitution, slavery, or organ removal. It is a global problem because it is a transnational crime that abuses the human rights of vulnerable immigrants and migrants. My question is: How has globalization contributed to the rise of human trafficking? There are several journal articles that I accessed online that discuss the topic of the globalization of human trafficking. An article called “Globalization and Human Trafficking” from the Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare demonstrates how human trafficking is a global issue in that our globalized world has created increased vulnerability to trafficking, especially due to immigration, migrant labor, and the ease of crossing borders. It is emphasized in the article, “Children for sale: Child...
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...Human Trafficking – Prostitution in San Diego, California A sad fact widely known but not nearly as much talked about is that even in the land of the free, people are being bought, sold and smuggled like modern-day slaves. People are slowly disappearing, may it be somebody’s neighbor down the street, an unknown victim at the park or anybody in a known city like San Diego residing on the borders of Mexico. According to the Legal Social Issues Research Lab, “A modern-day form of slavery is known as human trafficking.” Victims of human trafficking are subjected to force, fraud, or coercion, for the purpose of sexual exploitation or forced labor. We are all victims as they are young children, teenagers, men and woman. Most Victims are trafficked into the Sex Industry. David A. Feingold states in his article that: Moving people across borders is as old as supplies and demand. What is new is the volume of the traffic and –and the realization that we have done little to stem the tide. We must look beyond our raw emotions if we are ever to stop those who trade in human lives. Trafficking in human begins with the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons for the purpose of exploitation. Human trafficking differs from people smuggling. In the latter, people would voluntarily request smuggler’s service for fees, and there may be no deception involved in this agreement. On arrival at their destination, the smuggled person is either free or is required...
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...PROSTITUTION WITHOUT BORDERS: A High-Tech Human Trafficking in the 21st Century by: Ma. Bernadette B. Bautista As the world moves further into the 21st century, the society becomes more and more dependent on science and technology. Men had discovered technological innovations which brought about admirable effects like new approaches to industry, medicine, communication and information that facilitates the growth of virtual partnerships. With the emergence of new technologies, countries, regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. But as technology advances in time, it has brought about both positive and negative impact not only on individuals but on the society as well. Men had used new forms and new technologies to facilitate their illegal activities and one of which is the raging human trafficking. Human trafficking or trafficking in persons is defined in the 2000 United Nations Convention Against Transnational Crime as the recruitment, transportation, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. It has developed throughout the years. It includes labor exploitation...
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...The Globalization of Prostitution According to Manfred Steger, professor at the University of Hawaii, globalization can be defined as the “intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localitites in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa” (13). The main characteristics of globalization are the increased amount of global trading, markets’ openings, and inflow and outflow of goods and service (Ditmore, 186). Globalization has four major qualities such as creation of new social networks, stretching of social relations, intensification of social exchanges, and consciousness across the world (14-15). Globalization can be beneficial in terms of communication and economic trade but also can be very harmful when it comes to sex marketing, trafficking and prostitution. Prostitution is a very controversial topic and is widely debated in different countries. Globally, people are divided into proponents and opponents of legalization of prostitution. This paper is going to research and critically analyze the conflict regarding legalization of prostitution as well as provide a comparative perspective on illegal prostitution in the United States and legal prostitution in Germany. Prostitution is often named as the oldest profession in the world. Even in the times of Bible, prostitution was one of the most common ways for women to earn money. According to American Bible Society, Proverbs 23:27-28 says “for a prostitute...
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...Human trafficking is defined as, “The illegal trade of human beings for the purposes of reproductive slavery, commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor, or a modern-day form of slavery.” Prostitution is defined as, “The act or practice of providing sexual services to another person in return for payment.” These two entities go hand in hand, as nearly four million people are trafficked every year into some form of prostitution. Humans are trafficked for other reasons, though, such as: forced labor, domestic servitude, and farm work. However, the number one reason for human trafficking is prostitution. The more shocking reality of the situation is that some countries tolerate prostitution. It is even legal in some places. In Copenhagen, Denmark, prostitution is rampant because of such decriminalization (Shubert). This profusion of illicit activity is the birth child of one thing, human trafficking. The fact that some countries allow acts of prostitution to be legal is dubious. Anyone forced into any acts that they don’t wish to participate in is having their civil liberties violated. If such violations are to be stopped, then one must look for the root of the root of the problem. The root seems to be lawful prostitution, because it only seems to welcome the idea of trafficking unwilling individuals into positions in which they don’t want to be in. Conversely, some individuals are wholly willing to participate in acts of prostitution. However, these people shouldn’t be put at...
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...Prostitution. An age-old profession or an age-old problem begetting more problems? The United Kingdom is in the process of determining if and how to update or change its current laws regarding prostitution. In the midst of this determination, questions abound. Prostitution is no easy matter. In the age of women’s rights and the women’s movement, prostitution is a dividing factor. On the one end, it is the epitome of patriarchal abuse throughout centuries and perfected in our culture today. On the other end, it is a form of empowerment. And in between is the common person with his or her own take on prostitution as either abuse, a profession, or something a little of both. Alongside this culture of moral, cultural and legal uncertainty and to confound the problem is prostitution’s purported connection to international human trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. Therefore, on the one hand, prostitution’s reason for being illegal due to immorality may be obsolete, but should it remain somewhat illegal or banned altogether because it is linked to another crime that transcends borders and cultures? The following is a discussion on the same, and in the end, it is hoped that some clarity may be revealed from a puddle of obscurity. First, a brief introduction will be given about prostitution and human trafficking. Second, the laws of the United Kingdom and international law will be reviewed and analyzed. Third, a comparative review of current legal systems and...
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...associated with the definition of trafficking, even though there are varied perceptions. The first school of thought defines trafficking as that which has to do with forcible procurement of women and children and mainly focuses on sexual exploitation. The Convention on the Suppression of Traffic of Persons and the Exploitation for Prostitution of Others, 1949 was the foremost United Nations instrument that specifically addressed the definition and other related issues of trafficking. This convention was ratified by only 60 countries and remains largely unused and moribund till date. This convention has been regarded as abolitionist in nature by those countries which have legalized or regulated...
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...Exploitation of Women in Prostitution Submitted by: 9 Nadine Bo 27 Isabella Manuel III-Katarungan Submitted to: Miss Josel Cruz March 11, 2013 I. Introduction Many of today’s social issues have been around for hundreds of years. Social issues can be likened to a cancer; a cancer that grows inside but can be fully removed with proper treatment. This includes corruption, poverty, war crimes, racism and human trafficking. Human trafficking has gone far from being unnoticed in its many forms such as prostitution of women and even children. As early as 18th century BC, prostitution has been recognized as a profession. It was a sign of hospitality for the ancient Sumerians, for others it was obligatory for their beliefs and religion. However, man has gone far from the ways of the old. Now, the world is at that point in history where everyone should have learned from ancestors’ accomplishments and failures alike. Prostitution, commonly referred to as “the world’s oldest profession”, must have been solved as a social issue long ago, but similar to other issues it hasn’t been fully eliminated because it is a social problem. Social problems are deeply rooted in the nature of humans and society. As long as there are people willing to understand and work with these women towards social equity, there is a solution. There are efforts to remove prostitution and most of all the exploitation, harassment and abuse of those involved such as legal measures and private organizations...
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...Cathy Keith Child Trafficking: Innocent Children Force into Prostitution Prof: Leon Geter 04/26/2012 Abstract This research paper surveys the contextual factors surrounding child trafficking for the purposes of prostitution and also examines potential ethical issues arising from research to safeguard the psychological and physical well-being of these children. This paper is not intended to provide an ethical best-practice checklist rather its aim is to encourage the exploration of important ethical issues and further questions to be addressed by researchers in this area. In so doing, I hope to encourage the development of a fully informed decision-making approach to anti-trafficking policy and practice, and the improved provision of appropriate services for children being trafficked for prostitution. Hence the necessity, as I see it, for a reconsideration of victim-status and its constituents. The qualitative research methodology used in this research involved semi-structured interviews conducted throughout the United States and an extensive review of current literature. The sample population included individuals from a wide spectrum of expertise including United States governmental agencies and local non-governmental organizations with experience and knowledge of child trafficking and prostitution. Introduction Human trafficking is the slavery of our time. Exactly 200 years ago, Britain and the United Stated formally outlawed the transatlantic slave trade...
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...Human Trafficking Article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons defines Trafficking in Persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs ( www.unodc.org). Human trafficking has become a major problem worldwide which affects many people it is also a serious crime and a violation in human rights. An estimated 600-800 thousand people are moved unwillingly between international borders each year). There is an even larger number of 12.3 million people who are estimated to be forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and the sex trade. A majority of the people forced into labor, especially into the sex trade, are children, most of which are women, at an estimated 1 million children per year. There is a large amount of violence and abuse involved in sex slavery, many times leading to death. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex...
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...Human Rights Report on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children Spain Population: 40,548,753 (July 2010 est.) Population Growth Rate: 0.045% (2010 est.) Birth Rate: 9.54 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Life Expectancy: total population: 80.18 years; male: 76.88 years; female: 83.7 years (2010 est.) Literacy Rate: total population: 97.9%; male: 98.7%; female: 97.2% (2003 est.) Net Migration Rate: 0.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Unemployment Rate: 18.1% (2009 est.) Gross Domestic Product per Capita: $33,700 (2009 est.) Religions: Roman Catholic 94%, other 6% Languages: Castilian Spanish (official) 74%; Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, and Basque 2% are official regionally Ethnic Groups: composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types Capital: Madrid1 Trafficking Routes Given Spain’s proximity to North Africa, trafficking routes often include Spain as a destination or transit country onto the European continent. Trafficking victims, mainly young women, are recruited from Eastern Europe and South America with the promise of jobs in Spain. The traffickers then force the women into sexual servitude. The Canary Islands remain one of the most used routes for illegal immigrants from West Africa.2 Spain and Italy are among the major receiving countries for persons trafficked from West Africa in general and Nigeria in particular, either for labor, sex, or the removal of their organs.3 The sources of trafficking are not restricted to neighboring regions, as victims...
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...000 women be trafficked to fulfill the increase demand of prostitution during the World Cup. Before and during the World Cup, German government merged with local authorities pursued a series of measures positively to prevent the possible sexual exploitation. Two main campaigns ‘Final Whistle-Stop Forced Prostitution’ and ‘Red Card for Sexual Exploitation and Forced Prostitution’ hold by different NOGs also been supported by the European Parliament and other international organizations. Statistics regarding THB during the World Cup are not publicly available yet. However, the BKA is currently collecting data and information on behalf of the German states’ Criminal Police offices and NGOs (Dreher, Cho, & Neumayer, 2013) . Another campaigns involved in the IOM, the MTV Europe Foundation, Sida and the World Childhood Foundation improved Public Service Announcement directly provided hotline information for anonymously report. “An increase on the demand side for sexual services during a major global sporting event, whatever the country, will inevitably attract traffickers who will see an opportunity to turn a quick profit,” says IOM head of Counter Trafficking Richard Danziger (2006). Additionally, international organizations included the ILO, UNICEF and Amnesty International among others declared statement focused on the issue of increase in the demand of sexual exploitation might possible increase in trafficking in human beings during the event. Further participants included...
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...Stacey Pena April 4, 2012 Deborah AP Humanities Silenced Human Trafficking What is Human Trafficking? Many people are familiar with human trafficking, but do not hear about it as much as murders or robberies on the news. It is like it never happens. I always question myself about what can be done to put a stop to this and make people aware of this crisis. People are being taken and others do not even know what is going on around them. Nicholas Kristof is one of the individuals that is working towards making a change and helping other girls become free from this terrible experience. They create helpful organizations that put up a fight. Organizations are creating awareness towards the public about human trafficking. They are working on cases that involve the victims and have created groups to help overcome this life changing experience. Trafficking is a profitable industry. It has been identified as the fastest growing criminal industry in the world. It is second only to drug trafficking as the most profitable illegal industry in the world. In 2004, the total annual revenue for human trafficking was estimated to be between $5 billion and $9 billion (Cornell University). Even so, there are a lot of organizations out there helping. Many people are not aware about the human trafficking that is going on in the world and the things people go through while being trafficked. There are a lot of organizations out there helping, but are not creating awareness. There...
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...literature review addresses the question of what human service agencies in the state of Idaho do to combat domestic minor sex-trafficking. The purpose of this research study is to explore the ideology of different research studies that explain and identify effective strategies to prevent domestic minor-sex trafficking in neighborhoods and communities. Sex-trafficking is a social problem because, “the crime of people trafficking is an assault on human rights” (Heredia, 2008, p. 399). The issue of Fighting against sex-trafficking was addressed at the UN convention when a protocol was set to tackle the problems of sex-trafficking. There are strategies and interventions used by international and national human service agencies to assist the sex-trafficking victims. Shared Hope International and partner non-profit organizations stated the importance of protecting the victims, preventing the crime and prosecuting the perpetrators, and also have decided to act upon the problem (Shared Hope International, 2009). Further in the study, the researcher will provide detailed analysis of the strategies used by the human service agencies to aid the victims of trafficking. These strategies will include training law enforcement to investigate human trafficking cases, improving communication between the human service agencies and law enforcement, and enhancing the scope of research. Strategies and Implementation Identifying victims of trafficking Relevant studies have been found to identify...
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...Sex trafficking We live in a world that has acknowledged man's outright control over another. The unjustified exchange and subjugation of individuals in the twenty first century mirrors a ruffian situation which affirms that the best moral test confronting the globe today is sex trafficking. Sex trafficking is composed of two viewpoints: first is sexual slavery and the second is human trafficking. These two things show the supply and demand side of the sex trafficking industry, individually. This misuse depends on the communication between the traffickers offering a casualty (the individual being trafficked and sexually abused) to clients to perform sexual services. These sex trafficking violations are characterized by three stages: securing, development, and misuse. The different sorts of sex trafficking are youngster sex tourism (CST), household minor sex trafficking (DMST) or business sexual abuse of kids, and prostitution (Farley). The circumstances that sex trafficking casualties face fluctuate significantly. Numerous casualties turn out to be impractically required with somebody who then strengths or controls them into prostitution. Others are tricked in with bogus guarantees of a vocation, for example, demonstrating or moving. Some are compelled to offer...
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