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Protein

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Submitted By hallie293
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What are genetic mutations?
A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes.
Mutations can occur in two different types of cells: 1. Somatic (body) cells – occurs to the DNA that controls regulation of the cell cycle. * Somatic mutations do not affect the individual. * can not be passed on to the next generation

2. Gamete (sex) cells- means that every cell of the developing fetus/baby will have that mutation. * Gamete mutations usually do affect the individual with some genetic disorder. * •Gamete mutations can be passed on to the next generation.
There are two types of mutations that can occur in gamete cells: 1. Gene Mutations * . Point Mutation: a single point in the DNA sequence is affected. “The protein may be slightly affected or not affected at all. “ * • Can be a substitution in which one base is changed into another base

2. Chromosomal Mutations- has five different types 1. Deletion : Involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome 2. Duplication: Involves the production of extra copies of parts of the chromosome 3. Inversion : Reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome. 4. Translocation : When one part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. 5. Non-disjunction : When homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly during

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