...The Brain Week 2 Psy 240 Biopsychology The human brain is ultimately responsible for all thought and movement that the body produces and is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body composed of trillions of connections that work together called synapses. The brain weighs approximately three pounds and is made up of nerve cells which interact with the rest of the body through the spinal cord and nervous system. It contains about 75 percent water along with 100 billion neurons. Neuroscientists estimate that there are 100 trillion connections among the neurons, and nearly an infinite number of paths that neural signals can travel through parts of the brain called the morass. These nerve cells transfer information back to the center of the brain where information is processed, generated and appropriately reacted upon. The human brain gives us the ability to move, generate information, to speak and understand language, to interact with the environment, to interact with inanimate objects and to communicate with others. The brain can be divided into three basic units: the forebrain, the midbrain and the hindbrain. However, there are also five major structures of the brain. The Myelencephalon, Metencephalon, Mesencephalon, Deincephalon and Telencephalon. These five major structures of the brain shed some light on the complexity of how it is structured and how the human brain works. The Myelencephalon, also called medulla, is the division of the brain...
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...The Brain The brain is split up into several different parts or structures in order to better understand how things are laid out and how they work. The simplest way to separate the different parts of the brain is into the forebrain and hindbrain, with the forebrain also being called the cerebrum, and the hindbrain being better known as the brain stem. The brainstem is best known to be in charge of involuntary and gross motor functions, such as breathing, muscle control, and digesting food. The cerebral cortex is in charge of more complex things such as thought and memory. Aside from this general way to split up the brain, it can be broken down further into five major structures, each with it’s own physiology and structures within it. These regions are the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon. The telencephalon sits at the top of the brain and is divided into two hemispheres, often referred to as cerebral hemispheres (Pinel, 2011). It is the biggest of the five major structures, and is in charge of the brain’s most complex functions (2011). Along with housing the structures that are in charge of memory and thought, the telencephalon is also the part of the brain that controls voluntary movement, taking in outside sensory stimuli, and facilitates complex thought processes such as retaining new information, processing language, and problem solving (Pinel, pg. 66, 2011). Within the telencephalon is the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex...
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...PSY 240 Week 9 Final Project Analyzing Psychological Disorders To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/PSY-240/PSY-240-Week-9-Final-Project-Analyzing-Psychological-Disorders You are interviewing for a psychologist position with a top company. After your face-to-face interview with the team, they have provided you with two additional assignments—Part A and Part B below, which will complete the interview process: • Part A: A psychologist understands how biology can affect psychological activities and disorders. In your interview, you are asked about your understanding of the causes and treatment(s) of schizophrenia. In your reply, discuss the following: o Areas of the brain affected o Causal factors o Associated symptoms o The neural basis o Appropriate drug therapies • Part B: Part B of the interview consists of interpreting some case studies from a biopsychologist’s perspective. You are given four different case studies of disorders and have the option of choosing two out of the four case studies to analyze. • Write a 1,750- to 2,100-word paper in APA format containing the following: o Introduction o Part A of the interview process. o Part B of the interview process: • Choose two of the four case studies presented in Appendix A. • Discuss your understanding of the problem presented in each of the two case studies from the perspective of a biopsychologist. • Include each problem’s relation to the...
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...Cerebral Lateralization and Functionality PSY/240 Many studies have been conducted in cerebral lateralization revealing different functionalities of the left and right hemispheres. Cerebral lateralization is the process which the two hemispheres of the brain increasingly specialized in particular tasks. There are four methods of cerebral lateralization to study the functions of the right and left hemisphere of the brain. These methods include the sodium amytal test, the dichotic listing test, and functional brain imaging. The forth method of cerebral lateralization is comparing the effects of unilateral left and right hemisphere brain lesions. The sodium amytal test is a language lateralization that is given to patients before neurosurgery. During this test the patient is injected with a small amount of sodium amytal into the carotid artery on one side of the neck. The injection anesthetizes the hemisphere on that side for a few minutes, thus allowing the capacities of the other hemisphere to be assessed (Pinel, 2011). The patients are then asked to recite things such as numbers or letters to see if they still have the ability to speak. The dichotic listening test is a noninvasive test. This test can also be given to health people. In the standard dichotic listening test, three pairs of spoken numbers are presented through earphones; the numbers of each pair are presented simultaneously, one to each ear (Pinel, 2011). Then the individual is asked to repeat the numbers...
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...Sleeping and Dreaming CheckPoint PSY 240 The Brain, The Body, and The Mind January 18, 2012 Windy Baker Kuntz There are two main types of sleep; first you have Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep or NREM (also known as quiet sleep and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep or REM (also known as active sleep or paradoxical sleep. This is broken down into five stages. The first stage is the beginning of the sleep cycle. It is considered to be a light stage of sleep. It is a transition period between wakefulness and sleep. Stage one lasts only a brief time (around 5-10 minutes). The second stage is when the brain begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles. This only lasts for about 20 minutes and your body tempiture begins to decrease and the heart rate begins to slow down. The third stage is a transition between light and deep sleep. Your brain develops slow deep brain waves known as delta waves. The fourth stage is a very deep sleep that lasts for about 30 minutes, this is where delta sleep occurs and bed wetting as well as sleep walking is most likely to occur. Stage five is where most of our dreaming occurs. This is where we have our REM sleep. Respiration increases and so does brain activity. REM sleep is also referred to as paradoxical sleep because while the brain and other body systems become more active, muscles become more relaxed. Dreaming occurs due because of increased brain activity, but voluntary muscles become paralyzed. Our text...
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...CheckPoint: Brain Studies PSY/240 Teacher: Lorry J Bradley Kimberly Roberts 10/12/2012 These are the five research methods that I chose out of our text: 1. Contrast X-Rays : Contrast x-rays involve injecting a substance into an area of the body that absorbs x-rays around the surrounding tissue. The injected substance shows the contrast between the compartment and surrounding tissue during an x-ray photograph. Cerebral Angiography is the process that uses radio opaque dye into a cerebral artery that shows the cerebral circulatory system. Contrast X-rays are beneficial to understanding mental health issues because they could find location of tumors that might cause mental abnormalities in a patient. 2. Positron Emission Tomography: Also known as PET, this type of study was the first brain imaging technique that provided images of the brain and its activity rather than just straight faced images. 2-DG is injected into the patient and if the patient is doing an activity while taking this scan, bin about 30 seconds after the injection, the scan will show the brain level that most active. This can be beneficial because it can show if parts of the brain are reacting normally or abnormally to exposures to certain activities and stimulus. 3. Muscle Tension: Muscle Tension would be considered a Biofeedback. This is a method that uses the mind to control a body function that the body regulates automatically. (1) Electromyography is the normal procedure for measuring...
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...The Brain Crystal Gartner University of Phoenix PSY 240 October 26, 2012 C Hines The brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body. It is made up of more than 100 billion nerves that communicate in trillions of connections called synapses. It is the portion of the vertebrate central nervous system enclosed in the skull and continuous with the spinal cord through the foramen magnum that is composed of neurons and supporting and nutritive structures (as glia) and that integrates sensory information from inside and outside the body in controlling autonomic function (as heartbeat and respiration), in coordinating and directing correlated motor responses, and in the process of learning. The nervous system is responsible for making decisions and communication within the body. The nervous system categorized into the central and the peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord while the periphery nervous system consists of numerous nerves. Nerves move from the brain to other parts of the body such as the nose, eyes, face and ears. They also move from the brain to the spinal cord and then to other body parts like legs, stomach and chest among others. Sensory nerves take information from the environment and transmit it to the spinal cord which finally conveys it to the brain for generation of response, which is carried by motor neurons to the other parts of the body. The brain weighs about three pounds and...
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...The Brain Professor Mancuso Psy/240 March 26, 2016 Our human brain is responsible for all our thoughts and movement that the body produces and is the largest and most complex organ in the human body. Which is composed of trillions of connections that all work together called synapse. The adult brain weighs about 3 pounds, which is a major growth being that the human brain weighs about 350 grams at birth. The brain is made up of nerve cells that interact with the rest of the body through the spinal cord and nervous system. The nerve cells transfer information back to the center of the brain where information is processed, generated and appropriately acted upon. Without the human brain we wouldn’t be able to move speak or understand different things. The brain can be divided into the forebrain, mid brain and the hindbrain. But there is five major structures of the brain, which are Myelencephalon, Metencephalon, Mesencephalon, Diencephalon and Telencephalon. Myelencephalon also known as medulla, is the most posterior division of the brain. Myelencephalon is composed of tracts that carry signals between the rest of the brain and the body. It’s complex network of about 100 tiny nuclei which occupies the central core of the brain stem from the posterior boundary of the midbrain. The tiny nuclei are very important they are responsible for many things such as movement, maintenance of muscle tone, attention and even us sleeping. Accordingly...
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...Blanca Perez Emotions Checkpoint PSY 240 August 26, 2011 Biopsychology Theories on Emotion: Cannon-Bard- Unlike the James-Lange theory, Cannon and Bard believed that the stimulus of a growling bear brought to like both the symptoms and emotions at the same time. One did not determine the other meaning that signals were passed through the brain stem and both symptoms and emotion are triggered at the same time. Limbic System- controlled the expression of emotions by connections with the hypothalamus and mediated the perception of emotions by connections with the cortex. Emotion requires both emotional arousal and cognitive activity to understand the reason for the arousal so that the emotion can then be appropriately identified. Darwin- believed that body movement and facial expression were used to communicate meaning. Even though this is learned behavior it could be used for survival purposes. For example, a facial expression can make a difference in meaning on a person that is saying “no” person could be wrinkling their nose and forehead meaning that he is angry or pouting meaning they are sad. James-Lange – this theory says that a person can not know what emotion they are feeling until they have determined the symptoms after they are exposed to the stimuli. For example: A Bear is growling. That would be considered the stimulus. The heart starts beating fast, and one begins to breathe hard. This is considered the psychological changes. Lastly, the person is afraid...
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...The Brain Kelly Hart PSY/240 February 14, 2016 Pamela Reeves The Brain The brain is such a fascinating and complex area of the human anatomy. Let’s take a few minutes to learn about the five major structures of the brain, and what they do. As we begin, let’s take a look at the telencephalon first. The telencephalon is part of the cerebral hemisphere, located in the forehead, and is by far the largest division of the brain. The telencephalon, along with the help of the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia, the hippocampus, and the amygdaloidal nucleus control an array of functions. The telencephalon is instrumental in promoting our language function, voluntary movements, takes in and assesses sensory input, and reconciles complex cognitive systems like learning problem solving, and as mentioned above, language. The basal ganglia located within the telencephalon and the diencephalon contributes to motor function. The hippocampus and the amygdaloidal nucleus located in the lower cortex, play an essential role in emotional expressions. The cerebral cortex brings the telencephalon, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdalin nucleus together coordinating all their functions and maintain the memory of these functions. The diencephalon is divided into two elements: the thalamus and the hypothalamus. The diencephalon is located in the forebrain, and controls a lot of the autonomic functions (subconscious functions) of the peripheral nervous system. The thalamus is a two lobed area...
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...Emotions Miguel Viveros PSY/240 Nov, 01, 2013 Dr. Brooke morford Darwin’s theory is very interesting; it suggests that emotions from all of humans and in other species are possible because of evolution. Darwin’s theory was made up from three ideas. The first is Expressions emotions that comes from humans and also animals and shows what they will do next. Second involves behavioral signals for animal or human, this will evolve and help both with their communicative behavior, also sometimes even forgetting the first original behavior. Third and last the opposing messages is something that is recurrently communicated from the opposite behavior which is known as the principle of antithesis. The James-Lange theory says that the autonomic nervous system’s response of the flight or fight response, which causes an increased in your heart beat and its different responses instead of what an actual emotional trigger would cause. This particular theory isn’t something that everyone believes in because of certain research on patients. With this particular emotion it has the result of someone’s individual perception to their reaction and also bodily changes. The Cannon-Bard theory takes the James-Lange theory and it builds more into it and continues it, it is also altered. The Cannon-Bard theory says that the experience and the expression of someone’s emotions are two totally different things. Although it’s two different things is also thought of having equal responses that are caused...
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...Sexual Orientation & Identity Manuel (Matthew) Custodio The Brain, The Body and The Mind: All Together Now (Psy/240) 10/21/11 Instructor: Tana Warren Sexual Orientation & Identity There are many different perspectives relating to a person sexual orientation and identity, which will be examine. When examining sexual orientation there are three different types, which are heterosexual (attraction to the opposite sex), homosexual (attraction to same sex) and bisexual (attraction to both sexes) (Pinel, 2009). One perspective is orientation is link with genetics; finding that twin brothers with similar DNA were 52% of monozygotic twin brothers and 22% of the dizygotic twin brothers were homosexual (Pinel, 2009). Women had similar results with 48% for monozygotic twins and 16% for dizygotic twins female were homosexual (Pinel, 2009). However, no gene has been found to confirm or deny the claim that sexual orientation is genetic (Pinel, 2009). Another perspective is that perinatal hormones has an effect on sexual orientation in humans (Pinel, 2009). The support for this comes from the quasiexperimental study of Ehrhardt and in this study they interviewed adult women that was exposed to estrogen during pregnancy (Pinel, 2009). These women children that were exposed to the estrogen were more likely to be attracted to women (Pinel, 2009). Last, perspective is that sexual orientation is a matter of choice is consider to be a false assumption; people discover...
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...Five Major Structures of the Brain Carolyn Jenkins University of Phoenix PSY 240 Pamela J. Reeves Introduction The brain is such an awesome machine with so many intricate working parts and components all working together at the same time for optimal functioning. Pinel, J. (2011) describes the neurons and synapse as highways and byways that seem to haul information and travel them to the body for several different functions. This essay will explain five parts of the brain, the Myelencephalon, the Met encephalon, the Mesencephalon, the Diencephalon, and the Telencephalon which all structure and cause different functions in the body. Myelencephalon The Myelencephalon is the part of the brain that has many functions; for example it causes all autonomic functions. Another function is the breathing portion of the body and the paths that all of the nerve tracts take as well. Digestion, Heart Rate, Swallowing, and Sneezing are also functions of the Myelencephalon which are all located in the brain stem and structured on the medulla oblongata. It seems that this portion of the brain carries many signals to the brain and throughout the body. Metencephalon According to Nakamura, H. (2008), “Primary brain vesicles such as the prosencephalon, mesencephalon and metencephalon are made and subdivided into secondary brain vesicles: the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon and myelencephalon (P.113).” Essentially the Metencephalon is the place...
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...Sports Management and Marketing Degree Requirements The four-year sport marketing and management program leads to the degree, Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology, with course work taken in conjunction with the Kelly School of Business. Students admitted to this program are selected from a pool of applicants. Admission to the program is limited. Graduation requirements include: * completion of general education requirements. * completion of sport marketing and management major requirements. * a minimum of 124 successfully completed credit hours which count toward the degree program. * a minimum 2.0 cumulative GPA. * a minimum 2.0 cumulative GPA in a combination of ANAT-A 215 and courses with the following department code-prefixes: HPER-A, HPER-D, HPER-K, and HPER-P. * No Pass/Fail except for free electives. General Education (20 – 39 credits) All undergraduate students must complete the IU Bloomington campus-wide general education common ground requirements. Such students must visit the 2012-2013 General Education Bulletin to view these requirements. Major (85-90 cr.) Sport Marketing and Management Foundation Requirement (15 cr.) Complete each of the following courses: ▪ HPER-P 211 Introduction to Sport Management (3 cr.) – FALL 2013 ▪ HPER-P 333 Sport in America: Historical Perspective (3 cr.) – SPRING 2014 ▪ HPER-P 392 Sport in American Society (3 cr.) ▪ HPER-P 405 Introduction to Sport Psychology (3 cr.) ▪ HPER-P 418 Sport Marketing...
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