...Gender Identity Paper Rechelle Stevenson PSY/340 Annie Powers 4-27-2014 In the research paper the reader will learn the meaning of gender identity and how hormones and behavior interact with each other. Also how hormones and behavior affect the determination of gender identity. Included will be the roles of biological factors. This paper will determine which has greater influence on gender identity nature or nurture. Gender identity is the acceptance of ones membership into a certain group of people. How an individual perceives themselves male or female is considered gender identity. Hormones play a major role in a person’s life; it affects their sex in two ways. Hormones affect the development from the time a person is conceived until they have grown into sexual maturity. Sexual maturity of anatomical, physiological, and behavioral traits determine a person as a male or female by activating the reproduction related behavior of sexual mature adults. Endocrine glands main function is to release hormones (University of Phoenix, 2009). A biological factor has a big part in shaping physical development. Males and females are born with distinctive sexual organs, these differences emerge around puberty. Hormones are responsible for the appearance of these physical differences. Too much androgen plays a major part in a male or female. Boys that have an excess amount of androgens tend to be fine and behave normally. Girls on the other hand are a different story; they tend...
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...Childhood Development and Sexual Behavior PSY/265 Childhood Development and Sexual Behavior Sexual behavior begins during infancy. Ultrasounds have shown erections in male infants and sucking reflexes in both male and female infants. Infants experience genital stimulation when they are bathed or changed by their parents. Masturbation is common for infants 6 to 12 months. The infant may use a blanket, towel, or doll to stimulate the genitals until they possess the capability to manually stimulate themselves (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Pelvic thrusting, typically when held by a parent or loved one, occurs between 8 to 10 months of age (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Sexual responses that resemble orgasm occur as early as 5 months in boys, 4 months in girls. Most infants and young children experience sexual curiosity and genital play with others between 12 months and 2 years. During early childhood children begin to experience curiosity about the genitals. Sex games such as “playing doctor” typically occur in the company of a child of the same sex. Touching is a common activity, although oral and anal contact occurs as well (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Sexual behavior during preadolescence typically revolves around groups of same-sex peers. At this stage, boys and girls segregate themselves according to gender and believe the opposite sex is gross or “nerdy” (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2005). Image and peer approval...
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...Brittany PSY/265 Week 1 CheckPoint 2 Critical thinking skills are essential to every part of our lives, however they are particularly important when discussing sex. A person’s sexual decisions can have a huge impact on their life (pregnancy, disease and relationships) and should not be made without deep thought and consideration of all possible outcomes. I believe one of the most important critical thinking tools regarding sex is skepticism. People will say anything to try to convince another to have sex. An individual must be able to see through lies and sugar-coated words to see the truth and the intent behind the proposal. That is not to say that all sex should be had only if the parties involved are planning a relationship, but both parties should be able to see clearly what the parameters are. It is also essential to examine all arguments, from all sides, and then form one’s own opinions. Different organizations have different goals (e.g. pro-life vs. pro-choice groups) and therefore will distribute information that is favorable to their opinion. In order to make educated and informed decisions, one must examine all arguments and weigh them against individual values and morals. One organization should not dictate the sexual activities of a person or persons. Finally, it is very dangerous to over simplify or over generalize arguments. Take the issue of abortion, for example. Simply saying that all abortions are wrong (or ok) is not right. Every person has to...
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...Addiction and Phobias Nina Hernandez PSY/300 February 19, 2014 Kirsten Fowler Phobias and Addictions People are diagnosed with phobias and addictions that keep them in a personal prison everyday. Many cases are studied and researched to find how and why individuals have phobias and addictions. The key points to these studies are to find if it is possible to cure individuals with phobias and assist those with addictions to quit or be cured. This paper will give definitions of phobias and addictions, types of phobias and addictions, and how they were developed. It will also discuss classical and operant conditioning and what extinction means and how it is achieved using both conditioning’s. Phobias Definition Before speaking of phobias one should understand the definition of the word phobia the definition from the text book Psychology (6th ed.) it states “an irrational fear of a specific object or situation” Kowalski, R. & Westen, D. (2014). Another definition from the Encyclopaedia Britannica Online also states that it is classified as an anxiety disorder (2014). Many phobias are believed to be learned emotional reactions that can occur when a fear is exhibited via a tragic situation or an alarming event. This in turn can be conveyed to similar events and can resurface as if they are feeling it for the first time. There are many phobias that exist; some examples are claustrophobia, arachnophobia, and acrophobia. Types ...
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...Jung was a follower of Freud and his theory held some similar traits. This theory includes the conscious, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Carl Jung believed we are motivated by images passed down by our ancestors as well as our repressed experiences. The things we inherited from our ancestors he named the collective unconscious. His theory is full of past events and future expectations. Images we inherit from our ancestors are called archetypes. Personal unconscious holds repressed thoughts of one individual. Consciousness is a very small piece of personality. Jung believed personality comes from mostly unconscious. Just like Freud, Jung’s theory is hard to prove or disprove. Jung was a follower of Freud and his theory held some similar traits. This theory includes the conscious, the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Carl Jung believed we are motivated by images passed down by our ancestors as well as our repressed experiences. The things we inherited from our ancestors he named the collective unconscious. His theory is full of past events and future expectations. Images we inherit from our ancestors are called archetypes. Personal unconscious holds repressed thoughts of one individual. Consciousness is a very small piece of personality. Jung believed personality comes from mostly unconscious. Just like Freud, Jung’s theory is hard to prove or disprove. Carl Jung- Analytical Psychology Carl Jung- Analytical Psychology Adler-Individual...
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...THE ADVERSITY QUOTIENT AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS AT ST. JOSEPH’SCOLLEGE, QUEZON CITY An undergraduate thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Departments of Arts and Sciences St. Joseph’s College Quezon City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Psychology By: ZHOU HUIJUAN March, 2009 RECOMMENDATION This Thesis entitled The Adversity Quotient and Academic Performance among College Students at St. Joseph’s College, Quezon City. Submitted by Zhou, Huijuan has been examined and found satisfactory and is hereby recommended for ORAL DEFENSE. Ms. Mildred L. Lazo Thesis Adviser APPROVAL SHEET In Partial fulfillment of the requirements fro the degree of Bachelor of Science in Psychology, this thesis entitled “The Adversity Quotient and Academic Performance among College Students at St. Joseph’s College, Quezon City” was prepared and submitted to the College of Arts and Science by Zhou, Huijuan. Approved by the committee on Oral Defense on March 8, 2009 with a grade of passed. Mrs. Nelia G. Prieto Chair, Liberal Arts Ms. Mildred Lazo Panel Member Mr. Francisco Lambojon Panel Member Accepted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Sciences Major in Psychology. Sr. Josephini P. Ambatali, SFIC Dean Acknowledgement This work would not have been possible without the presence and contribution of many valued individuals. Through this limited paper, I wish to express my...
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...Value System and Sexuality PSY/265 Professor Rosa Federico-Ochoa By Tonya Sanford March 7,2014 Value System and Sexuality Which value system or systems discussed in the text do you most relate to? This is the question that I will be addressing below with my answer. And after reading the text I can tell that there is more than one system that I have some beliefs in but there is one main one that rates over the others. Ethical Relativism is the one that I mostly live my life by. I agree that there is not right or wrong way or just one set of moral values. I believe that every situation may be different and not everyone thinks alike. With me I don’t see anything wrong with premarital sex or oral sex while others may believe that this is unethical. Now for the other one that I have belief in would be rationalism. The reason for this is because I believe that a person needs to make rational decisions when it comes to sex or anything. The reason that I can relate to this one is because I have prolonged an unhappy marriage thinking it was better for my kids by staying together and in reality it was only causing them and me pain. I would do anything to keep him happy and at home and he still left us over a year ago. Since he has left my kids are doing much better and so am I. I know take care of my children on my own with the help of my parents and I work to make sure they have. References Spencer A. Rathus, Jeffrey S. Nevid, and Lois Fichner-Rathus. Human Sexuality in...
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...Behavior Chari Kelley PSY 265 August 16, 2012 University of Phoenix Childhood Development and Sexual Behavior It has been said that we engage in sexual behaviors as young as 0-2 years old. Fetuses can actually express sexual behaviors. During an ultrasound it has been seen by many that male fetuses can have erections. May boys are born with erections and they can also have them during their first few weeks (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2011). It is far more difficult to detect any sexual arousal in the female infant; however evidence of genital swelling and lubrication has been reported (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2011). Infants can show pelvic thrusting as soon as 8-10 months and they begin to masturbate between 6-12 months (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2011). Throughout the early childhood years children start to wonder about their bodies. They begin to explore one another’s bodies and play games like “doctor”. At this time they will also begin to masturbate by touching their private parts. Not knowing that they are actually masturbating but knowing that they like the feeling they receive when touching themselves. For the period of preadolescence, which ranges from ages 9-13 (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2011) some sexual behaviors are sexually related rather than sexual (Rathus, Nevid, & Fichner-Rathus, 2011). Children will typically form a bond with a “best friend”. This best friend will be of the same sex and they will share...
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...Checkpoint Decisions Deann Jones PSY/265 October 22, 2013 Megan Hild Checkpoint Decisions When I think about sex and sexual encounters I look at the situation and my decision critically. I am skeptical of a person’s motivates for wanting sex. I try to look at sex in a way as to what would make me happy, what would make me have regrets, and how my decision will affect my future. I do not base my decision on what others my think is best for me I use my own judgment. I recently went through a situation where I had to make such a decision. My fiancé of six years and I have recently separated, but have been talking about reconciling. The problem is that he lives in another state right now with another woman, but that was not the problem. See my fiancé has told me that under the circumstances I am free to date other people and a friend of his came to me and wanted to have sex, so I had a decision to make. When this situation arose I had some thinking to do about what I really wanted to do. I started to think about how this would affect my life, if it would make me happy, and how I would feel later. After much thinking I realized that having sex with this man would only complicate an already complicated situation. After thinking about the situation I realized that even though the sex may have been pleasurable at the time it would not make me happy. Having sex with this man would only make me feel bad in the long term and make me feel as though I had cheated on my fiancé,...
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...Adriana Torres Dr. Sean Laurent Psy 380 23 May 2015 PSY 380 – Psychology of Gender – Out of Class Assignment 2 Female 1: | * Masculine Traits: Strong, Confident, Loves sports | * Feminine Traits: Affectionate, Nurturing and Patient | Male 1: | * Masculine Traits: Dominant, House hold provider, | * Feminine Traits: Sensitive, Soft-Spoken, | Female 2: | * Masculine Traits: Athletic, Ambitious, Muscular | * Feminine Traits: Dependable, Shy, | Male 2: | * Masculine Traits: Dominant, Strong personality, | * Feminine Traits: Accepting, Loves children, Small Hands | Female 3: | * Masculine Traits: Independent, Self-Driven, Strong | * Feminine Traits: Loyal, Understanding, | Male 3: | * Masculine Traits: Driven, Hard Worker, | * Feminine Traits: Pleases others, Family orientated, Lover | To start off, for one’s own gender identity (i.e. femininity, masculinity) is considered to be described by how a person sees themselves as either masculine or feminine with the idea of how society views males and females to be. Gender roles, is different from gender identity, which are shared expectations of behavior given of one's gender. The concept of gender identity is also different from gender stereotypes, which are, shared views of personality traits often tied to one's gender. Gender identity is also different from gender attitudes that are the views of others or situations commonly associated with one's gender. In...
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...THE ADVERSITY QUOTIENT AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS AT ST. JOSEPH’SCOLLEGE, QUEZON CITY An undergraduate thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Departments of Arts and Sciences St. Joseph’s College Quezon City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Psychology By: ZHOU HUIJUAN March, 2009 RECOMMENDATION This Thesis entitled The Adversity Quotient and Academic Performance among College Students at St. Joseph’s College, Quezon City. Submitted by Zhou, Huijuan has been examined and found satisfactory and is hereby recommended for ORAL DEFENSE. Ms. Mildred L. Lazo Thesis Adviser APPROVAL SHEET In Partial fulfillment of the requirements fro the degree of Bachelor of Science in Psychology, this thesis entitled “The Adversity Quotient and Academic Performance among College Students at St. Joseph’s College, Quezon City” was prepared and submitted to the College of Arts and Science by Zhou, Huijuan. Approved by the committee on Oral Defense on March 8, 2009 with a grade of passed. Mrs. Nelia G. Prieto Chair, Liberal Arts Ms. Mildred Lazo Panel Member Mr. Francisco Lambojon Panel Member Accepted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Sciences Major in Psychology. Sr. Josephini P. Ambatali, SFIC Dean Acknowledgement This work would not have been possible without the presence and contribution of many valued individuals. Through this limited paper, I wish to express my endless, sincerest and eternal...
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...What’s on the MCAT2015 Exam? Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior What will the Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section test? The Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section asks you to solve problems by combining your knowledge of foundational concepts with your scientific inquiry and reasoning skills. This section tests your understanding of the ways psychological, social, and biological factors influence perceptions and reactions to the world; behavior and behavior change; what people think about themselves and others; the cultural and social differences that influence well-being; and the relationships between social stratification, access to resources, and well-being. The Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior section emphasizes concepts that tomorrow’s doctors need to know in order to serve an increasingly diverse population and have a clear understanding of the impact of behavior on health. Further, it communicates the need for future physicians to be prepared to deal with the human and social issues of medicine. This section is designed to • • • • • test psychology, sociology, and biology concepts that provide a solid foundation for learning in medical school about the behavioral and sociocultural determinants of health; test concepts taught at many colleges and universities in first-semester psychology and sociology courses; test biology concepts that relate to mental...
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...Bipolar and Unipolar PSY/270 University of Phoenix Author's Note: This paper is being submitted on April 13,2014 for Bill Noffsinger's PSY/270 class. RunningHead: Bipolar and Unipolar 1 Bipolar and Unipolar There are many different types of diseases that a person can have that could cause depression, but the main two tend to be Unipolar and bipolar. Unipolar is a condition that is caused when a person just has depression, while bipolar is when a person has highs such as mania and lows such as depression. When you hear people talk about being diagnosed with or treated for depression, they are often referring to unipolar depression. There are important differences between unipolar depression and bipolar depression. These differences are how the illness makes people feel and behave, and differences in how they are supported through treatment. In addition to going through low moods or depression, individuals with bipolar disorder also have high moods known as mania during which they may experience increased energy, feelings of euphoria, insomnia (inability to sleep) or impulsive behaviors like shopping sprees or promiscuous sex. Someone with unipolar depression doesn’t go through the “highs” of bipolar depression. A closer look at the symptoms of depression are: sleep disturbances, eating disturbances, depressed mood, lack of interest in usually pleasurable activities, fatigue...
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...Gender Identity Paper Barbra Kill PSY/340 April 4th, 2012 Kelle Franklin Gender Identity Paper Gender is a psychological term that refers to the awareness and reaction to the biological term of sex. It is also a term that can have more than one meaning. Gender role is when someone adopts the masculine or feminine behavioral traits that are associated with each sex. Gender identity refers to a person’s personal sense of whether they are male or female, and sexual orientation or preference is whom a person is physically and sexually attracted to. Before the 1950’s gender assignment at birth was a matter of ‘predominant sex’; in other words, dependent on external genitalia, structure of gonads, and sex chromosomes (Cohen-Kettenis, 2005). In the wake of the behavioral-cognitive movement that sprang up shortly thereafter, the ‘psychosexual neutrality’ theory was embraced, built upon the supposed, all-encompassing mechanism of experiential learning. More recently a policy of ‘optimal gender’ has been adopted, in which gender assignment is based on reproductive abilities, overall psychological functionality, and psychosexual efficacy. Regardless of which policy is used for gender assignment, an understanding of the underlying genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors involved in sexual differentiation is the key to elucidating the more complicated subjects of gender identity and sexual orientation. Biological factors play a huge role in shaping children’s physical...
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...Critical Thinking and Sexual Decision Making Ruth Lees PSY/265 Version 4 05/02/2014 James Ippolito Critical Thinking and Sexual Decision Making When I first started having sex there was no critical thinking involved in my life. I think I was trying to get back at my dad, and the thought was I did not need him for anything, and especially not for sex. I went to comptometer school and met a girl who was very sexual, and she brought to school a long fat candy cane to show what she used when she did not have a guy to satisfy her. She handed it to me, (it was wrapped in plastic) and when I handed it back I dropped it on the floor and it broke. The rage that came from this girl scared me, and I think that is the first critical thinking I ever did to choose my friends wisely. I never wanted to think I needed to depend on a thing other than a person to satisfy me. There was a college bar that I went to every week-end to dance and drink. In my day, they had 3.2 beers that if you were 18-21 you could buy. I did not critically think during those times, I loved to dance, so I did not drink much. But I did end up going home with a couple of different guys, just not every weekend. I am lucky I did not get pregnant, because I do not remember any of the guys wearing a condom. My critical thinking began when my girls were the dating age, and I tried to relate to them that I understood what dilemmas they were facing. But I was mom and they did not want to hear...
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