...Case Study: Janet Name College Case Study: Janet A case study is an in-depth analysis of a person, event, decision, period, project, policy, institution, or other system that is studied holistically by one or more methods. By gathering data and variety of sources and using these different methods, researchers can use scientific methods and perspectives to relate with various patterns and causes for behavior. In the field of psychology, case studies are widely known to help Psychologist’s and researchers with the assistance to help understand and overcome a person’s illness. While examining the “Case Study: Janet’, the use of psychology’s four goals and the modern perspectives were used to help determine the interpretation of the cause. Description Janet was a young girl that grew up in an abusive household that was beaten by her father as a part of a discipline process. Her father never explained why he used such drastic measures, so she grew up thinking that this was acceptable. She presumed that the only way to earn his love and respect was to do better. There was only one positive influence in her life; an aunt, who was rarely around because of the distance between them. Janet learned early to associate love with fear and trying with failure. As Janet grew older, she began to learn that her father might have been wrong. She began to see the regret coming from those actions, and soon realized that she had control. Janet started to guilt her father into...
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...Appendix H Katlin Clark PSY/270 March 15, 2015 Appendix H Case Study 1: Schizoid Personality Disorder Cause: The cause of this disorder is unknown even through, it can be rooted from unsatisfied need for human contact. The parents of people with this disorder are believed to have been unacceptable or abusive to their children. Cognitive theorists think that they suffer from deficiencies in their thinking. So this means that their thoughts tend to be vague and empty and that they have trouble scanning the environment to arrive to an accurate perception. Treatments: The treatment that can help with this disorder can be therapy. They can help the people with this disorder experience more happy feelings and satisfy social interactions. One of the techniques that they use is making the patient make a list of emotions to think about. They can also have them write them down and remember pleasurable experiences. This is what cognitive therapist have them. While behavioral therapist believe in teaching social skills to the clients, using role playing and homework assignments. Case Study 2: Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cause: Psychodynamic theorist believe that this disorders cause is cold and rejecting parents. They also have learned that children that have lost their parents or have been abused as a children tend to develop this disorder. Cognitive behavioral theorists believe that they develop this disorder by being treated to positively rather than to negatively...
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...Caribbean we are facing an economic down turn that is unlike the Great Depression of the 1900’s. It is also seen throughout the United States as well as North America where the unemployment rates are at very high. The economy’s struggling state has left us all seeking for solutions. In the cases of such economic dire straits, the people who are likely to suffer are the poor, the homeless and maybe even some low middle class families as well. Here in the Caribbean, the government have been applying cuts through out a number of departments as well as a number of services that were being offered to the members of our community. It appears that our mental health services drew the shortest straw. Ironically, it appears that due to our economic down turn mental health issues are on the rise. These services are being eliminated or decreased at a time when the issues are more prevalent than ever and very much needed. The Department of Health is understaffed, overwhelmed and in dire need of equipment to provide adequate care for our community as a whole much less those in need of mental health services. Our Mental Health services are dormant and our government is incapable of handling the number of cases of mentally ill patients visible and undiagnosed around the community. Consequently, one must look towards the private sector for help in this matter. There is a need for a joint relationship between the public and private sector to provide a valued mental health care system. In Antigua...
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...psychology it is necessary to understand what each division represents in this field (Critical psychology, 2001). Normal psychology is what an average animal experiences in response to emotional stimuli. For example, a woman’s boyfriend severs relations between the two people. In the average situation, the woman would be depressed for a short period of time. This sadness could stretch to several weeks or months if the relationship was a longer experience. “Normal” sadness, or depression, can be explained as feeling down, not wanting to talk about the emotions involving the boyfriend, or any other type of behavior that will dissipate over time (Page, 1947). Normal psychology instances will typically need no medication and little or no counseling. Abnormal behavior is much more extreme in nature....
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...follow the body of the essay to back up any information used from a source. Theories in Psychology Emily Dickenson once said, “The brain is wider than the sky." In today’s society with technology thriving and medical advancements around every corner, the sky is the limit where psychology is concern. There are new theories being proved true on a daily basis. The following text will have three of the many theories proved to be true over the centuries before us. Psychodynamic Theory Psychodynamic is defined as an interaction between conscious and unconscious mental states. This will affect the personality, attitude and behavior patterns in a person (Definition of Psychodynamic, 2000). In recent studies, the military psychologists have been using this theory on PTSD patients just coming home from war. This theory and its techniques are implemented over several sessions and the patient is evaluated over time to see how effective the treatment plan has worked (Tull, M., Ph.D., 2012, January 29). The process of psychodynamic therapy can often be stressful on the patient but with the right doctor, those stressful feelings can be redirected to a better outlook on life. For every five soldiers returning home, there is one that returns with PTSD (PTSD Statistics., 2012). Breaking this down to see how many people this actually affects would be eye opening. Well over 300,000 individuals would be the result of that statistic (PTSD Statistics., 2012). The beginning stages in treatment begin...
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...interaction in the external world. In his work, Freud studied the unconscious through his theories on dreams. He believed that dreams are the mind’s way of expressing repressed longing, urges and impulses, all of which are based on a sexual connotation. While Freud played an important role in the development of modern psychology, his theories have proved to be extremely controversial and have mostly been dismissed as inaccurate. From Freud’s psychoanalysis, several different types of therapies developed. One of those being a ‘behavioral’ approach, or ‘behaviorism’. Behaviorism is a therapeutic approach that focuses on what can be observed in the outside world and learning theory. A notable psychologist in the study of behaviorism is American psychologist B.F. Skinner. In his study of behaviorism, Skinner is now known for formulating the idea of radical behaviorism. The final therapeutic approach that developed from psychoanalysis that I would like to mention is Humanism. The humanistic approach to therapy does not adopt the untestable constructs of Freud’s psychoanalysis, nor does it ignore the ideas of behaviorism. Humanism is an approach to therapy that focuses on the human person. Client-centered therapy, which was the theory of one of the founders of humanistic psychology, American psychologist Carl Rogers, falls under this category. The primary focus of humanism is therapy designed around the client with the client directing the course of their treatment. While the relationship...
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...client. By taking care of oneself in a physical, mental and spiritual manner, they are preparing for a potentially well maintained professional life as a counselor. Knowledge and acceptance of these traumatic occurrences, is the first part of healing. The literature that I had obtained provided the reader, with great knowledge pertaining to the subject matter of vicarious traumatization and counter transference. By identifying both of these subjects as different forms of trauma, I also learned that they have similar qualities. With the knowledge that I am basing this research on and further exploration of this subject matter, counselors can be more prepared for their future. Literature Review - Trauma Felt by a Counselor The counseling profession is based on the realism as a powerful, but yet private relationship between a counselor and a client, but with ethics being a factor, all efforts are centered on being impartial and having good intentions (Jaffe & Diamond, 2011). Because of the tight relationship between a counselor and his or her client, it is humanly impossible that a client and a counselor will not endure feelings and reactions towards each other (Jaffe & Diamond, 2011). Trauma is the occurrence in which an individual is confronted with an event that will affect them self or other individuals with physical, emotional or mental damage (Tippany, White & Wilcox, 2004). Counselors are trained professionals that are equipped to help an individual...
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...have not been to work on time in two months and have had numerous verbal and written warnings. The fundamental attribution error effects social perception as well. People have an instinct to assign certain characteristics to those they come across. This social perception bias can be observed everywhere in society. It has become instinctive to form expectations of people the first time they are encountered. 1b. Describe the effect of cognitive dissonance on behavior and attitude change. Numerous experiments and studies have shown that cognitive dissonance has the power to change attitudes and behavior. Leon Festinger’s (1957) cognitive dissonance theory proposes, “people have a fundamental cognitive drive to reduce this dissonance by modifying an existing belief, or rejecting one of the contradictory ideas” (Wikipedia, 2001). Better described as when there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors, something must change to eliminate the dissonance. In the case of a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior, it is most likely that the attitude will change to accommodate the behavior. For example, someone who buys an expensive watch but discovers that it does not keep accurate time. Dissonance exists...
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...strategies that will help you succeed in psychology. After studying Chapter 1, you will be able to: Define psychology. Describe the influence that philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science, behavior, and mental processes. Psychologists use scientific methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain behaviors and mental processes. Behaviors are actions that can be directly observed, while mental processes are experiences that cannot be observed directly, such as thoughts and feelings. The history of psychology is rooted...
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...help you succeed in psychology. After studying Chapter 1, you will be able to: Define psychology. Describe the influence that philosophy, biology, and physiology had on the beginnings of psychology as a science. Compare the two early scientific approaches in psychology: structuralism and functionalism. Describe the focus of each of the six contemporary approaches to psychology. Describe the positive psychology movement, and discuss why this movement recently emerged in psychology. Discuss career opportunities in psychology. Profile the main areas of specialization in psychology. Say how studying habits may be optimized. Understand how to be a critical thinker. CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of behavior and mental processes. In this chapter you are introduced to the history of this science, a variety of contemporary perspectives in psychology, the positive psychology movement, and an overview of psychology-related careers. At the end of the chapter, the reader learns about the most effective methods of studying and learning. There are three concepts important to the definition of psychology: science, behavior, and mental processes. Psychologists use scientific methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain behaviors and mental processes. Behaviors are actions that can be directly observed, while mental processes are experiences that cannot be observed directly, such as thoughts and feelings. The history of psychology...
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...Psychodynamics is the systematic study and theory of the psychological forces that underline human behavior, emphasizing the interplay between unconscious and conscious motivation.[1] The original concept of "psychodynamics" was developed by Sigmund Freud.[2] Freud suggested that psychological processes are flows of psychological energy in a complex brain, establishing "psychodynamics" on the basis of psychological energy, which he referred to as libido. The psychodynamic psychotherapy is a less intensive form compared to classical psychoanalysis practiced by strict Freudians, demanding sessions only once weekly instead of 3-5 times weekly which was typical for traditional psychoanalysts. Psychodynamic therapies depend on a theory of inner conflicts which surface in behaviour or emotions. Generally, one conflict is subconscious. ------------------------------------------------- Overview In general, psychodynamics, also known as dynamic psychology, is the study of the interrelationship of various parts of the mind, personality, or psyche as they relate to mental, emotional, or motivational forces especially at the unconscious level.[4][5][6] The mental forces involved in psychodynamics are often divided into two parts:[7] (a) interaction of emotional forces: the interaction of the emotional and motivational forces that affect behavior and mental states, especially on a subconscious level; (b) inner forces affecting behavior: the study of the emotional and motivational forces...
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...PSYCHOLOGY and your life chapter 1 introduction to ps ychology 2 chapter outline A Gift of Life It was every subway rider’s nightmare, times two. Who has ridden along New York’s 656 miles of subway lines and not wondered: “What if I fell to the tracks as a train came in? What would I do?” And who has not thought: “What if someone else fell? Would I jump to the rescue?” Wesley Autrey, a 50-year-old construction worker and navy veteran, faced both those questions in a flashing instant yesterday and got his answers almost as quickly. Mr. Autrey was waiting for the downtown local at 137th Street and Broadway in Manhattan around 12:45 p.m. He was taking his two daughters, Syshe, 4, and Shuqui, 6, home before work. Nearby, a man collapsed, his body convulsing. Mr. Autrey and two women rushed to help, he said. The man, Cameron Hollopeter, 20, managed to get up, but then stumbled to the platform edge and fell to the tracks, between the two rails. The headlights of the No. 1 train appeared. “I had to make a split decision,” Mr. Autrey said. So he made one, and leapt. Mr. Autrey lay on Mr. Hollopeter, his heart pounding, pressing him down in a space roughly a foot deep. The train’s brakes screeched, but it could not stop in time. Five cars rolled overhead before the train stopped, the cars passing inches from his head, smudging his blue knit cap with grease. Mr. Autrey heard onlookers’ screams. “We’re O.K. down here,” he yelled, “but I’ve got two daughters up there...
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...out what in the world we are thinking. Not only are we different from other species, we're radically different from each other. Thankfully, our differences can be examined more easily through the lens of psychology—the science that tells us how the mind, brain, and body work together. This lesson introduces you to the field of psychology—its origins, history, key perspectives, research methods, issues, and current trends. This lesson presents the following topics: • What is Psychology? • The History of Psychology • Modern Psychology Perspectives • Types of Psychological Professionals • The Science of Psychology • Ethics of Psychological Research What is Psychology? Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. • Behavior includes outward or obvious actions or reactions such as facial expressions or movement. These actions and reactions are sometimes referred to as body language. John wants to ask Susan for a date, and Susan wants him to ask her out. John worked up his courage, was about to ask her out when he walked by her desk, but Susan looked up with a frown on her face. Assuming that she was frowning at him, John walked quickly back to his own office. Susan, who had a horrible sinus headache, wondered why John was being so unfriendly. It's highly possible that both Susan and John were exhibiting body language that was being misinterpreted by the other. • Mental processes refer...
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...Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Freud believed that people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, thus gaining “insight”. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make the unconscious conscious. Psychoanalysis is commonly used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. It is only having a cathartic (i.e. healing) experience can the person be helped and "cured". Psychoanalysis Assumptions · Psychoanalytic psychologists see psychological problems as rooted in the unconscious mind. · Manifest symptoms are caused by latent (hidden) disturbances. · Typical causes include unresolved issues during development or repressed trauma. · Treatment focuses on bringing the repressed conflict to consciousness, where the client can deal with it. How can we understand the unconscious mind? freud's couch Remember, psychoanalysis is a therapy as well as a Freudian theory. In psychoanalysis (therapy) Freud would have a patient lie on a couch to relax, and he would sit behind them taking notes while they told him about their dreams and childhood memories. Psychoanalysis would be a lengthy process, involving many sessions with the psychoanalyst. Due to the nature of defense mechanisms and the inaccessibility of the deterministic forces operating in the unconscious, psychoanalysis in its classic form is a lengthy process often involving 2 to 5 sessions...
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...Running head: OBJECT RELATIONS CASE STUDY ! ! ! ! ! ! Object Relations Case Study of Melanie Freeland A Conceptualization and Treatment Plan Raven N. Aponte Liberty University ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !1 OBJECT RELATIONS CASE STUDY !2 Abstract This case study presents the use of Object Relations Theory. Object Relations Theory is the relation between the internalized sense of self and others, and how it affects present relationships. OR therapy specifically focuses on the relationship between the child and early caregiver. OR theorist concludes how attachment styles influence the way an individual conceptualizes themselves as they relate to others. Object, refers to people, an environment, or images that are significant to emotions or intentions. Relations are represented by relationships the individual is engaged in, both interpersonal and internal. Melanie Freeland’s case is an applicable case for OR therapy. Melanie’s present concern regards her negative view of herself, due to her past abandonment; which is affecting her relationship with her daughter. The therapist gives a thorough case conceptualization, discussing the various aspects of reoccuring relationships, symptoms of split self constructs, false self, and uninvolved attachment styles. The therapist offers a treatment plan designed to help Melanie’s true self to emerge as a result of counseling. Using free association, interpretation, and insight, Melanie will begin to achieve...
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