...“teaching effectiveness” in faculty promotion, tenure, and salary reviews. In most cases, the mechanism used to measure teaching effectiveness is a locally developed evaluation form that is completed by an instructor’s students toward the end of the course, usually before students have received their final course grades. The practice of using student evaluations of teaching (SETs) to evaluate faculty teaching effectiveness raises a number of concerns, including the basic validity of these forms and their sensitivity to external biases. The question of validity involves the extent to which SETs (or items on these forms) accurately predict student learning. Questions of bias involve the possibility that student responses are influenced by factors unrelated to the faculty member’s instructional effectiveness. The topic of this article is the biasing effect that faculty grading practices have on SETs. A broader discussion of this and related issues may be found in my book The GPA Myth, from which most of the following analyses are drawn. Both the validity of SETs and potential biases to SETs have been discussed extensively in the educational literature. A simple search of the ERIC database produces thousands of articles concerning various aspects of SETs, and Greenwald summarizes more than 170 studies that examined the specific issue of whether SETs represented valid measures of student learning. Clearly, a comprehensive review of this literature is not possible here, and so I will simply...
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...Topic | Definition | Presentation of Concept | Notes | Classroom Management | * All of the things that a teacher does to organize students, space, time and materials so that instruction in content and student learning can take place. (Lakes, 2002) * Classroom management, often called classroom discipline, has been a priority for teachers for nearly 40 years, or for as long as there have been opinion surveys of educational priorities. (Kratochwill, 2006) | | | Ending | * a point that marks the limit of something : the point at which something no longer continues to happen or exist * the last part of a story, movie, song, etc. * the part at the edge or limit of an areaWebster’s Dictionary | (Johnson et al; Ledlow 1998) | | Grading | * Grading leniency is a removable contaminant of student ratings. * Grading in education is the process of applying standardized measurements of varying levels of achievement in a course.(Greenwald, Anthony G.; Gillmore, Gerald M. 2009) | University of Mindanao Official Website | | Student Course Evaluation | There are almost as many terms used to describe student course evaluations as there are articles about them; among the most common are “student evaluations,” “course evaluations,” “student ratings of instruction,” and “student evaluations of teaching (SETs).” Each of these phrases has slightly different connotations, depending on whether they emphasize students, courses...
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...Research Paper Goal: To present a critical analysis on a topic of interest in sensation and perception research. This will be an overview paper reporting the major components of some topic of current (from 2005 to the present) research in the field of sensation or perception. Ideas for topics might include, but are by no means limited to the following: • Neuroscience and brain imaging (e.g., CT, fMRI, PET, EEG) • Vision and visual acuity • Agnosia • Functions of the thalamus in S & P • Function of the lateral geniculate nucleus • Function of the medial geniculate nucleus • Object Perception • Signal detection theory • Audition and auditory problems • Autism and S and P • Language perception • Color vision • Gender differences in sensation & perception • Neuroscience and cognition • Prosopagnosia • Hemispheric neglect • Drug abuse and perception • Motion perception • Parkinson’s Disease and perception • Alzheimer’s Disease and S & P • Testing perception in infants • Flavor Perception • Capgras’ delusion Certainly, the topics are by no means limited to those suggested above. If you have an interesting idea or want to explore another area under the general umbrella of research in Sensation and Perception, you are encouraged to do so. Browse your textbook if you simply cannot think of something to write about. Paper Requirements: All papers must be written using an APA format. Papers must be double-spaced, using 10- or 12-point, Times New Roman...
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...Jackielyn B. De Mesa September 26, 2015 MSSW Dr. Lolita Pablo Journal Review Title of the Book: Human Resource Development Review (Jamie L. Callahan, Editor) Title of the Article: The Role of Self-Reflection, Emotional Management of Feedback and Self- Regulation Processes in Self-Directed Leadership Development Author: Paul L. Nesbit No. of Pages: 18 pages SUMMARY The self- directed leadership development is conceptualized within a framework of emphasizing a self understanding phase and self-change phase that are dependent on the integrated operation of three skills concerning one’s ability to manage emotional reactions to feedback, to carry out effectively the practice of self-reflection, and to enact self regulatory processes for development. It is suggested that the accomplished operation of these skills enable more refined and effective self development efforts allowing leaders to respond to changing work environments in a continuous and productive fashion. However, once learned and incorporated into ones behavioral repertoire, the operation of self development strategies would become self guiding. Given that self-development can be considered as metaskills- skills that allow for the development of other skills. It requires developing self awareness of competency strengths and deficits as a primary focus in leaders self development. This process requires self initiated obtainment of performance feedback and self-reflective analysis...
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...Critical Review Essay Sustainable and Systems Thinking (7920IBA) Critical Review of “The Norm of Self-Interest” Introduction Miller’s (2001) article “The Norm of Self-Interest” discusses that the average person is a self-interest theorist, self-interest and behavior, self-interest and accounts of behavior, self-interest predict behavior better than attitudes and Incentives having impact on charitable donations. This paper will discuss the particular norm that pertains to beliefs about the extent to which attributes and behaviors of others are dictated by self-interest. Miller (2001) argues that the theory of self-interest has causal power and how it plays a role in its own confirmation, is the core focus of this article. Critiques of Miller’s hypothesis will be from influential theories of human behavior, including evolutionary biology, behaviorism, and psychoanalytic theory (Etzioni, 1988; Kohn, 1990: Schwartz, 1986; Wallach & Wallach, 1983). Specifically, describes the evidence for a norm of self-interest, whereby people expect that others’ attitudes and behaviors will be guided by personal stake (Miller, 1999; Miller & Ratner, 1996, 1998; Ratner & Miller 2001). Miller (2001) argues that these expectations can have profound implications for charitable donations for both money and time. For e.g., when a spokesperson for a cause solicits support from others, the targets for the advocacy requests feel that it is harder to say no when the advocate indicates...
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...of inferential statistics 6 7. Correct interpretation of analyses 6 8. Alternative analyses 6 The Discussion 6 1. Alternative explanations 6 2. Cause-effect ambiguities 6 3. Third variable 7 4. Mediators and moderators 7 5. Replication 7 6. Interaction or main effect?: 7 Place the Research in the Context of Similar Research 8 Suggestions for Future Research 8 Inappropriate Criticisms 8 1. Criticizing the article rather than the research 8 2. Ethical criticisms 8 3. Incomplete criticisms 8 4. Criticisms of the reliability or effectiveness of methodology that produced the predicted results 9 5. Random allocation of participants to conditions 9 How Not to Use this Document! 10 Structuring a Critical Review 10 Useful Websites 11 Background Reading 11 References 12 The Theory You may wish to criticize the theory that the researchers are testing. How does it compare against competing theories in the area? What are its strengths and weaknesses? An excellent resource for thinking about theory construction is the Special Issue on “Theory construction in social...
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...behavior and reactions to everyday life. Students are provided an opportunity to apply critical-thinking skills to psychological problems and issues. The basic tenets of psychology are presented from a historical perspective, with attention to research-based behavioral science. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: · University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. · Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Carpenter, S., & Huffman, K. (2010). Visualizing psychology (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Introduction to Psychology Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Describe the development of the discipline of psychology. 1.2 Compare and contrast research methods used to examine psychological phenomena. 1.3 Explain biological influences on the human brain. Readings Read Ch. 1 & 2 of Visualizing Psychology. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Participation Participate in class discussion...
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...Running head: CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY Cross-Cultural Psychology Charlene Marasco PSY/450 Sally Fleming March 28, 2011 Cross-cultural psychology Cultural psychology is an interdisciplinary program of research that explores the relationship between individual minds and the complex environments in which they are deployed. The approach focuses on the contribution that content-rich, complex environments – ranging from workplaces to cultural traditions to nation states – make in shaping basic cognitive processes. The comparative approach, or cross-cultural approach, uses experimental methods to compare and contrast groups in their performance on a range of psychological tasks with the objective of demonstrating cultural difference and commonality on some psychological aspect in the lab and field (Cultural Psychology., n.d). Cross-cultural psychology Cross-cultural psychology is a comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology, from different cultural groups, which looks at the psychological diversity and the underlying reasons for such diversity. Meaning how people in groups relate to the environment and the world around them, like feelings, thoughts, how and where they live, and how cultural groups at one point interact with another group. Cultural psychology is contributing significant insights into higher-order...
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...Evans(Psychology)-3589-03.qxd 6/15/2007 6:23 PM Page 21 3 CHOOSING A TOPIC AND THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL Objectives On reading this chapter you should: • • • • • • • • understand the importance of choosing a research topic that lends itself to a ’do-able’ project; be able to evaluate potential topics; be able to formulate a valid research question (and hypothesis); understand the importance of creativity, and its relationship to innovation in formulating your research question; understand the integral role played by the research question; understand the vital role of the research proposal; be aware of the common pitfalls to be avoided in writing a successful proposal; and be able to write a logical and persuasive research proposal. Overview Chapter 3 deals with the practical issues of choosing an appropriate topic for your research project, and with the all important task of developing a research proposal. Section 3.1 deals with the practicalities of evaluating topics from your potential list, in order to choose the most appropriate for your project. Section 3.2 focuses on how to formulate a good research question. The role of the research question and different types of questions are dealt with in Section 3.3. Section 3.4 highlights the functional importance of the research proposal, which is often neglected by undergraduate students. The proposal acts as an exercise in thought, a reference point for supervision, and also as a motivational device. Section 3.5 deconstructs the...
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...psychology C H A P T E R 1 Psychology and the Challenges of Life ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ OUTLINE Did you know that… Module 1.1: Psychology and Adjustment Module 1.2: Human Diversity and Adjustment Module 1.3: Critical Thinking and Adjustment Module 1.4: How Psychologists Study Adjustment Module 1.5: Psychology in Daily Life: Becoming a Successful Student CHAPTER REVIEW RECITE! RECITE! RECITE! REFLECT REFLECT REFLECT YOUR PERSONAL JOURNAL Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Did you know that… ❚ Multitasking while studying can damage your grades? (p. 6) ❚ Genetics influences many psychological traits and even our preferences for different types of occupations? (p. 8) ❚ White, Euro-Americans are now a minority in the nation’s most populous state? (p. 12) ❚ Women were once not permitted to attend college in the United States? (p. 13) ❚ You could survey a million voters and still not predict the outcome of a presidential election accurately? (p. 23) ❚ You are more likely to eventually get a divorce if you live together with your future spouse before getting married? (p. 27) ❚ Cramming for a test is not more likely to earn you a good grade than spacing your study sessions? (p. 33) Oleg Prikhodko/iStockphoto ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ ❚ B eth, 22, a fourth-year chemistry major, has been accepted into medical school in Boston. She wants to do cancer research, but this goal means another seven or eight years at...
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... | | | | | |Chapter Summary/Lecture Organizer | I. INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY A. What is Psychology? - The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Psychology values empirical evidence - information acquired by direct observation and measurement using systematic scientific methods and critical thinking – the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information. Studying psychology offers practical solutions to everyday problems and develops an appreciation for scientific methods of research, as opposed to pseudo psychologies (“false psychologies”) that pretend to discover psychological information through nonscientific methods. B. Psychology’s Goals -The four goals of psychology are: (1) Description - to describe particular behaviors by careful scientific observation, (2) Explanation – to explain behaviors by conducting experiments to determine their causes, (3) Prediction – to predict when a behavior being studied will occur in the future, and (4) Change – to change inappropriate behavior or circumstances. psychologists investigate behavior...
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...Cross-Culture Psychology Paper Character made of individual characteristics as well as different personal traits; culture has a unique set of behaviors, symbols, and attitudes that are held by a group of certain individuals and is usually passed down from generation to generation. (Feist & Feist, 2006; Shiraevv& Levy, 2010) Cultures are more than a group made up of individuals who are simply different from another group. Culture is made of up many things; the subsidiary individuals, genetically transmitted traits, language, tradition, religion, food, clothing, tattoos, and so much more. Martin-Santana and Beerli-Palacio (2008) proposed an advertising campaign that included cyclical effect on culture; such as reinforcing cultural norms. The problem with this was there was no base to it; not religion or society. All it contained was the cultural background: Eastern, Western, African, and so on but culture is not that simple to show in a commercial. The study of Cross- Culture is explained “…the critical and comparative study of cultural effects on human psychology.” (Shiraevv & Levy 2010, pg. 2) With most definitions this can be seen as non-specific and vague. Cross- Cultural psychology is concern is in the comparison of two or more cultures by critical evaluation on a psychological view- point. The comparison can include the connection between social norms and behavior, how human activity may be influences by culture, and interrelated effects of socio- cultural forces...
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...impression on ratings of specific ratee qualities" (Lance, LaPointe, & Stewart, 1994, p. 339). The article tries to understand the background and research done into halo error and whether there is clear evidence to suggest that there is a positive or negative link to rating accuracy due to Halo error. It attempts to see if there are ways in which an organization can effectively utilize these research findings to counter halo error or whether any experiments done are effective only in a laboratory setting. Finally review on whether this aspect of the performance appraisal can be incorporated into an actual performance appraisal system. Individual Research Paper – Halo Error in Performance Management Systems Introduction and Background 3 What is Halo Error – The underlying research and theory 3 Deep Dive 5 How to counter the halo error or reduce error? 5 Effective use of the understanding of Halo Error 6 References 8 Introduction and Background A critical component of the Performance Management System and the backbone of Human Resources is Performance Appraisal and is also the most difficult to execute. Performance Management Systems require accurate ratings and the rating process can be difficult because biases of raters are involved. Rating errors are...
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...Abstract Literature review of Piaget’s theory of developmental psychology (1954), object permanence and a critical evaluation of Piaget’s theory in relation to recent studies that show different results to that which Piaget originally gathered and based his stage theory on. Introduction The work of Jean Piaget (1896-1980), has made him go down in history as one of the most instrumental and influential figures in the history of psychology to date. His contribution to the world of psychology is based around the field of developmental psychology. He transformed this area of psychology and laid the foundations upon which subsequent research can be based around and undercover more of the truth behind the cognitive development of infants. Piaget believed that the key to understanding children’s thought processes is not whether they get the answer right, rather the key lies within how they arrived at the answer (Holt et. al, 2012). Piaget stated that our brains hold schemas, which are responsible for organising our patterns of thoughts and actions (Holt et al., 2012). Building on this mental framework he introduced the concepts of assimilation and accommodation which helped lay down the foundation upon which he could build his work on. Piaget committed 50 years of his life to study the intellectual development that occurs in children which ultimately led to the development of his well-acclaimed staged theory of cognitive development (Hock, 2009). His theory is based on the idea...
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...|[pic] |Capstone Course in Psychology | | |College of Social Sciences | | |PSY/490 | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Professor Susan Ellis, Ph.D. susanelliss@email.phoenix.edu (University of Phoenix) susanellis@agreatday.net (Personal) Course Description This is the capstone course for undergraduate psychology students. The course provides students with the opportunity to integrate and apply learning from their psychology program of study in a comprehensive manner. Students will also assess the impact of their educational experiences on their ethical perspectives and critical thinking skills. Students will reflect on and evaluate their personal and professional growth, the benefits of lifelong learning, and the impact of these elements on their future. Policies Students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials...
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