...which I would like to further explore, is the psychosocial care of patients with chronic illnesses, and the relevance of this to primary care. On reflection of this case, it is evident that much of Mr DS’s long-term care is under the management of specialist physicians or other members of the multidisciplinary team. For example, his cardiovascular and respiratory health is under the management of specialist physicians, he has been under the care of orthopaedic surgeons for the management of musculoskeletal problems, and his care has also received extensive involvement from occupational therapy and physiotherapy. However, the psychosocial health of both the patient and the patient’s family...
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...discuss about Orem’s general theory of nursing and major concepts of her theory are person, health, nursing and environment. Orem’s general theory of nursing consists of three parts. Each theory is presented as a set of assumptions and propositions. According to Current Nursing (2012) (i) Theory of self- care includes: self- care means individuals perform activities on their own to maintain life, health, and well-being. Self- care Agency is a human ability to engaging in self-care conditioned by age developmental state, life experience, sociocultural orientation health, and available resources. Therapeutic self-care demand is,” totally of self-care action to be performed for some period of time by using valid method, sets of operation and action to meet self- care demands”(para.4). Self-care requisite includes three catagories: Universal self-care, developmental self-care, and health deviation self-care requisites. (ii) Theory of self-care deficit clarifies that when nursing is in need and five helping methods: Acting for and doing for others, guiding others, supporting another, providing an environment for personal development in order to meet future demands, and teaching another.(iii)Theory of nursing system describes how patient’s self-care needs will be meet by the nurse and patient. Orem identifies three classifications of nursing system to meet the self-care necessities of the patient are wholly compensatory system, partly compensatory system, and supportive- educative system...
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...5/6/2013 Sara Gerrie RN, MSN, CPNP Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic illness affecting the metabolic and endocrine function of the body. Type 1 diabetes affects 5% to 10% of people with the disease, whereas type 2 diabetes affects nearly 90% to 95% of people with the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2008). An overview of the incidence of diabetes in the United States, signs and symptoms, and effects of diabetes as a chronic disease will be provided. The case study of Angelo Reyes, a 40-year-old White male living with type 1 diabetes will be used to implement teaching requirements with measurable learning objectives from Bloom’s taxonomy of learning domains. The psychosocial challenges that Angelo Reyes encounters will also be discussed. According to Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, and Cheever (2010), the number of people with diabetes in the United States is 23 million with increasing rates of 1 million new diagnosed cases per year. This number is expected to exceed 30 million by 2030 (CDC, 2008). People older than 65 years old seem to have more intolerance to glucose and 40% of them account for the population with diabetes. Minority groups such as African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders are at higher risk for diabetes, complications associated with the disease, and high rates of disease related death (CDC, 2008). Risk factors for diabetes include race and ethnicity, a family history of diabetes, obesity...
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...2009). The above quotations shortly define biology, psychology and sociology as three individual topics, which will be discussed throughout the whole assignment in order to gain an understanding of the relation of their individual influences to the outcome of my chosen patient’s current health status, a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). Rana and Upton (2009) were the first to research these three factors individually, relating them to poor health and well-being. Roberts’ (2000) definition above describes the certain issues explored within biology today; however, psychological and sociological issues can influence the biological status of the human body. Despite sociology influencing ones behaviour, it is also based around the effect it has upon groups and external events. Sociology does not only target the individual involved, but the way the individual relates and interacts with their social surroundings. Sociologists explore interactions within relationships, social class, gender, race and family life. Through an experience of nursing a patient during a six week clinical work placement who had suffered a cerebrovascular accident, this assignment will aim to critically evaluate the bio-psychosocial perspectives and the...
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...Health Promotion in Nursing According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health promotion “enables people to improve control over the determinants of health and as a result to improve their own health, and able to make healthy choice” (Denise and Suzanne, p. 87). Historically, health promotion deal with protecting society from contagious disease, such as to providing safe water and reduce environments hazards, and treat of preventable disease rather than preventing them. Conversely, the contemporary health promotion is aimed to increase the society’s awareness of healthy prevention, improve their quality of life and reduce health care budget. Health promotion range from smoking cessation to diagnostic and screening test, injury prevention, and chronic diseases management. There are three levels of prevention can be applied to health promotion, which are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention is cheapest method to prevent disease or injury by increase the health awareness of individuals, families and society, an example of primary prevention is smoking cessation. Secondary prevention is to take diagnostic testing or screening in order to treat disease at the early stage if needed, such as diabetes, Pap smear test, mammogram screening and colonoscopy. Tertiary prevention actually is to treat disease has already been detected and prevent recurrence of condition. This paper will discuss the purpose of health promotion, and the role of nursing in health promotion...
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...Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Supplemental Learning Guide Course Objectives * Relate the minimum requirements for the course. * Illustrate the use of competencies for learning. * Formulate own needs and responsibilities relative to meeting course competencies. * Relate course/clinical assignments and evaluation * Distinguish how the major concepts (see Nursing Student Handbook) of the program are affected by the variety of conditions and diseases within this course for all age groups. Outline A. Orientation to course 1. Course descriptions 2. Course outcomes/competencies 3. Textbooks B. Course Requirements 1. Student assignments and responsibilities 2. Minimum level of achievement 3. Evaluation tools C. Course/ Clinical Assignments and Evaluation D. Major Concepts 1. Caring 2. Clinical judgment, clinical reasoning, and nursing judgment 3. Clinical microsystem 4. Collaboration 5. Critical thinking 6. Cultural competence and Diversity 7. Ethics 8. Evidence-based care 9. Healthcare environment 10. Human flourishing 11. Informatics and Information management 12. Integrity 13. Knowledge, skills, and attitudes 14. Leadership 15. Nursing and Nursing Process 16. Nursing-sensitive indicators 17. Patient and Patient-centered care 18. Personal and Professional development 19. Professional identity 20. Quality improvement 21. Relationship-based care ...
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...communication has on the safety of the patients and quality of care they received will also be evaluated. Communication is the transfer of information between the nurse, the patient, the patient’s family and among other health workers in the team (Anderson L, L 2013). Communication in general include verbal and written, information are exchanged in form of written and spoken language. Non-verbal communication involves exchange of information without using words, sometimes known as body language, which simplifies understanding of complex meanings of the spoken word. This also includes touch and sight (Weimann & Giles, 1988). Communication in it various forms is a keystone of basic nursing practice and an essential skill across all settings of care to identify the patient's goals of care. The importance of effective communication is vital in all aspect of nursing that is why I have chosen it as a major challenge facing nurses today. The implications of communication deficiencies impact the whole nursing practice. From clinical assessment, attention to physical symptoms and psychosocial concerns of the patients are only achieved through effective communication. The responses to suffering, listening to expressions of loss and grief, and recognition of ethical or spiritual concerns of the patients and the family members depend upon good communication Malloy el al (2010). According to Hamilton and Martin (2007) nurses are among the health professionals that are in the medical field...
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...Synthesis of Bariatric Surgery and the Effects on Comorbidities Abstract This synthesis of literature provides a summary of the data that has been collected over the years through experimentation, literature reviews, qualitative research, and the results that have been construed from that data will be presented. It discusses the concept of the effects of bariatric surgery and answers the question - do people who have the surgery have better health outcomes, specifically with hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus, than those who do not? A summary of research reveals that there is a significant reduction and/or total remission of both of these co-morbidities that were often life long. Other benefits, such as quality of life, social standings, and healthcare cost reduction are examined and positively reported. Review of current data to include strengths and weaknesses, conceptual frameworks, and the current state of knowledge reveal that bariatric procedures have shown the efficacy and safety in the treatment of morbid obesity and have gained wider acceptance in the medical world. Synthesis of Bariatric Surgery and the Effects on Comorbidities For years people have turned to diets in an effort to lose weight and get healthier. At no time has that been more the case than in America today. People spend billions of dollars a year trying to lose weight and the numbers are not encouraging. The prevalence in obesity with related Type...
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...Nursing MSN 533-08 Theoretical Aspects of Aging Running Head: ELDERLY LESBIANS AND BREAST CANCER 2 Elderly Lesbians and Breast Cancer Cancer health disparities have been documented in specific populations in the United States. Elderly lesbians are one such population, with factors related to lifestyle, socioeconomic status, healthcare practices, and access to services (Brown & Tracy, 2008). There is a pressing need for understanding of the health care disparities faced by elderly lesbians, so that the needs of this group can be adequately met. In the United States, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Several risk factors for breast cancer are at least partially modifiable, and are present more among the lesbian population than heterosexual women (Brown & Tracy, 2008). Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women worldwide, with rates significantly higher in developed nations. Over 80% of all female breast cancers occur among post-menopausal women. Breast cancer is not primarily found to be hereditary, but women who have the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (which can be inherited) have a considerably higher breast cancer risk (Miller, 2012). Lesbian elders have particular well-being requirements, but often suffer from subpar care and reduced access to services. Fear of discrimination, low rates of health insurance, and negative experiences or feelings of discrimination by healthcare providers are all issues that have been documented to lead to increased...
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...profession and emphasizes its paramount role in the academic world of nursing education and health care delivery. There is an exciting perspective to the educator’s role in nursing and the opportunity to mentor the next generation of nurses. Teaching the novice clinician about the profession and the dedication to serving people is self fulfilling and vital to the preparation of future nurses. This paper examines the diversified roles of the educator as well as the challenges and ethical dilemmas that are congruent to the profession. The articles and nursing journals depict how the role of the educator substantially affects the health care delivery system and how the philosophy of nursing practice is implemented to promote holistic client centered care. The Clinical Nurse Educator The history of nursing education is tied to nursing's quest for a professional identity. Nursing is serious about education, placing major emphasis on lifelong learning as well as initial preparation. Nurse educators are critical players in assuring quality educational experiences that prepare novice nursing students for a diverse health care environment. They are responsible for designing, implementing, evaluating and revising academic and continuing education programs for nurses. Nurse educators combine their clinical expertise and passion for teaching into rewarding careers. They are professionals who work both in the classroom and practice setting and are responsible for mentoring and...
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...Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION Health Promotion in Nursing According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health promotion “enables people to improve control over the determinants of health and as a result to improve their own health, and able to make healthy choice” (Denise and Suzanne, p. 87). Historically, health promotion deal with protecting society from contagious disease, such as to providing safe water and reduce environments hazards, and treat of preventable disease rather than preventing them. Conversely, the contemporary health promotion is aimed to increase the society’s awareness of healthy prevention, improve their quality of life and reduce health care budget. Health promotion range from smoking cessation to diagnostic and screening test, injury prevention, and chronic diseases management. There are three levels of prevention can be applied to health promotion, which are primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention is cheapest method to prevent disease or injury by increase the health awareness of individuals, families and society, an example of primary prevention is smoking cessation. Secondary prevention is to take diagnostic testing or screening in order to treat disease at the early stage if needed, such as diabetes, Pap smear test, mammogram screening and colonoscopy. Tertiary prevention actually is to treat disease has already been detected and prevent recurrence of condition. This paper will discuss the purpose of health promotion, and the role...
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...April 14, 2005 NURSING THEORY ➢ Why the interest in theory? 1. The no. 1 requisite if we have to be on the level of being a professional. 2. To guide us in how to go about the different nursing actions. 3. It becomes a framework for organizing data. Theory – speculative in nature Nursing Theory – mental conceptualization where the perspective is a nursing aspect - explain & describe a particular nursing action - can also predict its effects on clients’ outcome - primary purpose is to generate scientific knowledge - serve several essential purposes 1. Description – clarifying ideas, phenomena, experience or circumstances that are not well understood. E.g. meaning of pain to patient 2. Exploration – how ideas are related. E.g. relationship of pain to patient’s physiological & psychological conditions 3. Explanation – the whys of events & occurrences 4. Prediction & Control – knowing & foretelling correctly what will happen & also how to make it happen. E.g. how to control the severity of the client’s pain Components of a Theory a. Concepts – basic unit in the language of theoretical thinking - can be empirical or concrete (can be observed through the senses) or abstract (not observable) b. Definitions – statements of the meaning of a word c. Assumptions – accepted facts d. Phenomena – reality Types of Theories a. Grand Theories – does not prescribe actions ...
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...EXCESSIVE DRINKING: A PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUE Health and wellbeing of an individual in a community are determined by various factors such as psychological, social and biological (Coreil, 2009). An individual’s state of health is dependent on lifestyle choices and behaviour patterns, this has necessitated the need for various Government health promotion initiatives aimed at empowering individuals to embrace a healthy lifestyle, (The World Health Organisation,1986). In a bid to effectively implement the various health promotion initiative, nurses have been acknowledged to be in key position to drive this awareness. This assignment will discuss the value of health promotion with regards to the treatment of alcohol dependence as a result of depression within the framework of a bio-psychosocial model (BPS), Government policy on reducing harmful drinking, cognitive behaviour therapy and the role of the student nurses in public health promotion and dissemination of healthy lifestyle information. This assignment will be based on my practice placement experience on the trauma and orthopaedic ward. The name of patient and locality has been omitted in accordance with the confidentiality guideline of the Nursing and Midwifery Council code of conduct (2008). Tomline was admitted into the trauma and orthopaedic ward as a result of injury sustained in a car accident after excessive consumption of alcohol. A report by Alcohol Concern (2014), states that an estimated 70% of admissions to accident...
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...Reduces Severity symptoms Reduces Involves Results to Involves Involves Involves Involves Limiting interactive conflict Effective treatment Cause of condition Presence of pain From Medical professionals Seek advice Collaborative care Monitor reaction Quality medicine principles Path physiological processes Seeking counsel Monitor patient Quality care right Physical condition threat Threat to body Threat to life Patients’ privacy Coping with patients needs Care planning Ethical responsibility Chronic illness/ disability Nursing a Person with Chronic Disease or Disability Introduction The disease process affects when a person suffers from a chronic illness or disability, the entire family and the community and the medical care offered to the patient. Chronic diseases or disability dictates that the infected person have to acknowledge the disease process as well as direct his or her attention towards leading a positive life. In similar magnitude, the community and the family of the person have to give care throughout the disease process (Manley et al. 2011). Nevertheless, accepting the condition of chronic disease or disability is a major to both affected persons and the family. The family must be ready to encourage the infected person, arrange medical care and in some instances, the disease condition may force the family or the community to assume the role of the breadwinner. In this sense, impacts of chronic disease or disability would affect...
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...more constructive ways to deal with the problems or issues within your life. It can also be a supportive process when going through a difficult period or under increased stress, such as starting a new career or going through a divorce (Hawkins, 2010). Most psychotherapy tends to focus on problem solving and is goal-oriented. That means on the onset of treatment, you and your therapist decide up on which specific changes you would like to make in your life. These goals will often be broken down into smaller attainable objectives and put into a formal treatment plan (Hawkins, 2010). The purpose of this study was to explore public attitudes toward psychotherapy treatment and how they perceive importance of psychotherapy treatment, mental health issues are of ever growing importance in modern society. While there are numerous studies on the attitude of the general public toward psychiatry in general, little research has been done concerning the specific field of psychotherapy (Hawkins, 2010). 2. Literature review 2.1 History of mental illness in the Middle East 2.1.1 Pre-Islamic era: Ancient Egyptians believed that diseases were mainly because of evil spirits or wrath of gods. Their philosophy of the afterlife came from the idea that they were part of continuous cycle. Therefore, they believed in the physical continuation of the life after death. From this belief, they gave much attention of the psychology and personality thereafter. (Mohit, 2001) In ancient Mesopotamia...
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