...Public policy is embedded into the day-to-day lives of Canadian citizens. Although some may not be actively aware of the multitude of policies, they do determine every aspect of the Canadian society. There are policies that govern air, water, food, transportation, technology, taxes, health and immigration. But this is not an exclusive list of Canadian public polices. Two domains of public policy are domestic and foreign. Internal rules and regulations that govern within a nations border are known as domestic policies (Gale, 2008). Foreign polices are diametric in that they consist of international relations that take place outside a nation’s border (Elman, XXXX, p. X). When take together on a global scale, they can be described as global public policies. Globalization can be defined by “homogenized culture, a global economy, and a borderless world” (McBride, 2011, p. 10). To fully understand globalization one should consider all aspects such as, social, culture, technology, economic and political. Globalization has mainly impacted foreign policy, but it has also had an effect on domestic policies. Both policies are not only influenced by globalization, there are various other factors that contribute to the formation of public policies. Often times it can prove difficult to separate the effects that impact both forms of public policy because they are intertwined. Need thesis statement – what are you arguing or exploring in this paper. Also, should there be definitions in your intro...
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...contained in a known as public policy. In this vain, this essay is an attempt to define the term policy using examples from education. Furthermore, it will explain why it is necessary that each sphere of public life be enshrined in a public policy. The term Policy is not a precise term. Unfortunately, the term policy is something which takes different forms. There is push to designate policy as the ‘outputs’ of the political system, and in a lesser degree to define public policy as more or less like interdependent policies dealing with many different activities. Studies of public policy areas, on the centrally, have tended to focus on the evaluation of policy decisions in terms of specified values, that is, a rational rather than a political analysis. The magnitude of this problem can be recognized from the other definitions, which have been advanced by scholars in this field. To start with, Policy refers to those plans, positions and guidelines of government which influence decisions by government (e.g., policies in support of sustainable economic development or policies to enhance access to government services by persons with disabilities). In other words, policy is an action to achieve a goal (Bell & Stevenson, 2006). A policy establishes guidelines or direction for the City's actions with regard to one or more concerns, problems or opportunities. A policy can also be a general plan or approach to a specific need, problem or issue. This means that a policy is a general directive...
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...within the context of human services. The definition of problem within the context of human services has a few specific meanings such as any specific thing, matter, person, or situation that is difficult to deal with, solve or overcome and a source of perplexity, distress or vexation. According to our text it states an example of the defined word and its proper use, which can and will vary according to the circumstances of the problem. An example could be by identifying drug abuse by noting the use, intentional exposure to, or ingestion of any illegal chemical substances used in a nonmedical way, (Chambers and Wedel, 2005). This also can be defined in another way people are more prone to hearing and can identify better with, addiction; the problem would be better known as addiction instead of using. The definition of policy within the context of human services is a program of actions adopted by the individual, government agency or organization or is based on the specific set of principles, a specific course of action or a selected method chosen from alternatives as a guide to determine present and future decisions along with a plan which embraces the general goals of acceptable policies and procedures. The example of proper use of policy involving a drug addict leads most often to a situation needing or involving some figure of authority, a supervisor, or law enforcement. Breaking the law, a company’s zero tolerance policy, or any person or situation which is causing...
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...Power and Politics in Organizations: Public and Private Sector Comparisons Joseph LaPalombara Wolfers Professor of Political Science and Management School of Management Yale University A chapter for the “Process of Organizational Learning” section of the Handbook of Organizational Learning, ed. Meinolf Dierkes, A. Berthoin Antal, J. Child & I. Nonaka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming. DRAFT: Please do not cite without author’s permission. Power and Politics in Organizations: Public and Private Sector Comparisons Joseph LaPalombara Yale University Political Organizations and Their Milieu Organizational learning derives most of its knowledge from research on organizations in the private sector, particularly from the study of the firm. Its rich interdisciplinary quality is reflected in the range of social sciences that have contributed to the field’s robust development. The contribution from political science, however, has been minimal (reasons are suggested in the chapter on ‘politics’ by LaPalombara in this volume). The mutual failure of political scientists to pay more systematic attention to organizational learning and of organizational learning specialists to extend their inquiries into the public/political sphere is unfortunate in at least three senses. First, a general theory...
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...Power and Politics in Organizations: Public and Private Sector Comparisons Joseph LaPalombara Wolfers Professor of Political Science and Management School of Management Yale University A chapter for the “Process of Organizational Learning” section of the Handbook of Organizational Learning, ed. Meinolf Dierkes, A. Berthoin Antal, J. Child & I. Nonaka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming. DRAFT: Please do not cite without author’s permission. Power and Politics in Organizations: Public and Private Sector Comparisons Joseph LaPalombara Yale University Political Organizations and Their Milieu Organizational learning derives most of its knowledge from research on organizations in the private sector, particularly from the study of the firm. Its rich interdisciplinary quality is reflected in the range of social sciences that have contributed to the field’s robust development. The contribution from political science, however, has been minimal (reasons are suggested in the chapter on ‘politics’ by LaPalombara in this volume). The mutual failure of political scientists to pay more systematic attention to organizational learning and of organizational learning specialists to extend their inquiries into the public/political sphere is unfortunate in at least three senses. First, a general theory of organizational learning is unlikely to emerge unless and until what is claimed to be...
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...Our Values and Policies 2 P&G Our Values and Policies 1 P&G Our Values and Policies Table of Contents Introduction 2 Letter from the CEO 3 Hierarchy of Company Ethics Principles 4 Our Purpose 5 Our Values 6 Our Principles 7 Our Policies A. Respect of Government and the Law 1. Compliance With Legal Requirements 2. Accuracy of Company Books and Records • Books and Records • Disclosure Controls • Internal Controls 3. Securities Trading 4. Antitrust Policy and Compliance Guidelines 5. Lobbying 6. Political Contributions and Related Policies 7. Transacting International Business 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 B. Respect in the Workplace 1. Behavior in the Workplace 2. Child Labor and Worker Exploitation 3. Wage and Hour Practices 4. Safety, Health and Environmental • Employee Safety • Environmental Quality 5. HIV/AIDS 6. Conflict of Interest • Business, Financial and Personal Relationships • Gifts, Entertainment and Gratuities • Improper Use of Company Assets 7. Employee Privacy 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 C. Respect in the Marketplace 1. Product Safety 2. Bribery and Improper Business Dealings • Commercial Bribery • Improper Payments to Government Officials • Money Laundering and Product Diversion Avoidance 3. Fair Dealing and Fair Competition • Treating Suppliers Appropriately • Treating Customers Appropriately • The Government as a Customer • Treating...
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...effectively to environmental issues? Is public policy a more useful concept to understand how the commons is managed in our society? Why or why not? Markets are not able to respond effectively to environmental issues because they cannot determine the value of the environment and its elements. It is not a part of the exchange or transaction and market systems were not designed to factor in environmental costs. Public policy is definitely a useful concept in understanding how the commons are managed in our society. It allows citizens to effectively understand the many different rules and regulations that exist in order to protect as well as conserve the environment. It places value upon what markets cannot determine. 2. Which definition of public policy makes the most sense to you personally? What essential elements are there to your definition? How does public policy differ from business policy? Personally, the definition of public policy that makes the most sense is that “…public policy is a specific course of action taken collectively by society or by a legitimate representative of society addressing a specific problem of public concern that reflects the interests of society or particular segments of society.” The essential element to this definition that rings most true to me is the last portion; that public policy is a representation of the interests of society as either a partial or a whole. Public policy differs from business policy in that it is essentially a representation...
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...Personal Perception Paper Amanda Jones CJA/385 Nick Watt July 7, 2016 Personal Perception Paper When it comes to criminal justice policies, there is a moral and ethical obligation involved in the policy making process. When it comes to policy making, there are various levels this takes place on, and affects all walks of society in trying to prevent and reduce the amount of crime that takes place. It is the responsibility of policy makers to make smart and sound choices as well as ethical ones all the while, analyzing the issues that need the most addressing. In this paper we will discuss the different perceptions that take place in the policy making process. The policy making process consists of the proposal of specific criteria for the prevention and reduction of crime in today’s society. When beliefs, ideologies and interests meet, policy making can take places and a political power can be assigned. This process takes places in steps. Policy analysis is when there is an evaluation of the different implications of each policy and the individual policies alone. In the criminal justice field, policy making requires specific areas to be covered such as legislative drafting, legislative enactment, agenda setting, public hearings, legislative implementation and legislative reauthorization. While in our reading, the definitions are similar, they state that policy making is an unbiased process and while in theory this could be true, it is not in practice. There is often a lot of skepticism...
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...Presentation by ajay shitole Personnel Policies Agenda q q q q q Definition Types of policies Characteristics of policies Advantages Procedure for developing personnel policies Definition q Written statements of an organization’s goals and objectives concerning matters that effect the people in the organization q q It is a plan of action A statement of the intentions of the management to a general course of action Features of a policy q q A policy is a general guide to action; it does not state the detailed process by which it has to be implemented. This is the role of procedures A policy then may i)be specific or general in its instituition ii)deal with one or many, aspect of a problem iii)place limits within which action is to be taken iv)specify the steps in making decision Types of policies q IMPLIED POLICY expressed verbally have usually developed over time and follow a precendent It is the policy neither written nor q EXPRESSED POLICY these are specified verbally or in writing. Types of policies q Policies are often classified by subject such as sales, production, purchasing, human resources or finance, and they may be referred to as general or departmental policy, depending on the scope of activities to which they apply. Characteristics of personnel policies q q q q q q Specific Consistency Permanency Flexible With Purpose Recognize individual differences Characteristics_ cont q q q Be formulated with regards for the interest of all parties...
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...SUBJECT: Philosophy and Science of Public Administration Topic: Philosophy of Public Administration Public administration is vitally concerned with the efficiency and economy. By spending least resources, the administration becomes result-oriented and Productive. Alongside this efficiency approach, there has been growing Concern about what may broadly be Called ‘morality’ or ‘ethics in Public administration. Government has to serve the common good without making any distinction between Man and man. Efficiency in government thus has a moral tone. Against this background the broad theory of public interest has emerged to provide general framework for the functioning of public administration. There are several reasons for the Concern of for public interest. The members of the bureaucracy constitute Power elite. They are likely to take decision in self interest or under pressure from powerful interest groups. Further, the bureaucracy is a mindless machine that turns out decisions mechanically. The rule-bound administration may look very neat and tidy, but it may not be able serve the wide Cause of public interest and according to Herbert Simon administrative decisions are often based on the grounds other than those of efficiency and economy. Social and psychological factors greatly influence the way the decision see taken by the decision-makers. Thus the importance of a sense of public interest as a wider ethical Commitment in Public administration assumes significance in this...
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...PAD 500 WEEK 3 DQ CUSTOM ORDER To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/pad-500-week-3-dq-custom-order/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM PAD 500 WEEK 3 DQ CUSTOM ORDER Evaluate the importance of each major steps in policy analysis as it relates to political choice. Next, debate if one would conside any of these steps more important than another. Procvide a rationale to support your answer. There are five steps that most Policy Analysts attempt to follow and these are: • Definition of the problem • Setting objectives and criteria • Developing alternatives • Analyzing various policies • Ranking and choosing Under the Definition of Problem Policy analysts need to decide which of the problems facilng public organisations are most pressing. There are several questions that need answers, the analyst must seek a clear statement of the problem, information of the nature and range of solutions. These questions include but not limited to: who is affected? Why has the problem surfaced? How does this problem relate to similar problems? E.g. building homes for the disabled: The analyst should be informed about the time or money and the limitations. He/she can talk to those who did similar jobs. Setting Objective and Criteria In setting the objective and criteria, the analyst should be able to say what the project is worth for the agency to achieve result A instead of B, e.g. routing a highway, the factors...
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...Question: identify public policy problem and propose a policy to address it Introduction Definition: According Wikipedia Public policy as government action is generally the principled guide to action taken by the administrative or executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs. Other scholars define it as a system of "courses of action, regulatory measures, laws, and funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives." Public policy is commonly embodied "in constitutions, legislative acts, and judicial decisions." Unemployment as a public policy problem In Kenya one of the public policy problems is unemployment. Unemployment in Kenya is where persons, who are able to work, are actually seeking jobs, but are unable to find work. According to the Ministry of Youth and Sports, there are nearly 2.5 million unemployed youth, and barely 125,000 are absorbed annually into formal employment. Some have referred to the problem as a ‘ticking time bomb’ saying the number of unemployed youth could rise to 14 million over the next seven years the causes of unemployment in Kenya rage from Government corruption to poverty, to lack of proper infrastructure but I think the cause of the high unemployment is Our Education system. Our education system is very academic. Our children go to school on Saturdays as young as standard 2, a standard 7 pupil wakes up...
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...ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations Distr. GENERAL E/ESCWA/SDPD/2007/7 11 December 2007 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL POLICIES ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES United Nations New York, 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of firm names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations. References have, wherever possible, been verified. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. 07-0488 Preface This study has been prepared by the secretariat of the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) as part of its regular programme of work for the 2006-2007 biennium. The study draws upon work that ESCWA is implementing within the framework of harnessing technology and enterprise development for the improved productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises, with a view to...
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...1-3, According to James H. Svara: “The politics-administration dichotomy model is used for marking off boundaries of public administration. It is used to assert the normative relationship between elected officials and administrators in this democratic society. Public administrators do not make the law, but they implement laws that are made. Let me be clear about the definition of the concept. A city council does not get involved in administration A city manager has no involvement in shaping policies The manager occupies the role of a neutral expert who efficiently and effectively carries out the policies of the council. (Presumably, administrators do not exercise discretion, for to do so open the door to interpreting policy and choosing how and to what it will be applied.)” Wilson’s essay vacillates between the two poles of thought regarding the separability of administration from politics, thereby providing generations of later scholars with ample foot-note ammunition for both sides of the argument. Wilson appeared confused on the matter although the civil service reformers did not. They wished partisan politics out of certain aspects of the public personnel system. The disadvantage to this is government can implement laws without votes. An example, the government bailing out big businesses when they dwindle their funds and are going bankrupt. It is US policy to bailout the biggest American companies responsible for transportation-airliners, petrol companies, etc-from failure...
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...and Objectives are part of the six fundamental policy elements that are essential to the development of all social policies. Goals work together but have different functions in this process. Somethings to consider with them are: if the goals and objectives are long term, short term, manifest, latent, and how to analyze the goals and objectives. When considering Unites States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), their goals and objectives you could begin to analyze what their mission is, as this should help to see what the purpose is of the program. They offer several assistance programs related to housing and other related needs; one of their grants is the homeless assistance, which offers help to individuals whom are homeless or a risk of becoming homeless, which can include emergency shelter, food, counseling, and even job training. There are four steps that can help to locating the organizations goals and objectives: locate the enabling legislation, locate legislative history, locate staff and committee studies and reports, and check other official sources or handbooks. (Chambers, 2005) Not all goals and objectives are long term, some are short term; this will vary with each social program. The length of time for specific goals and objectives could be determined by the funding of the program or by the social problem itself. There are also different types of goals, like manifest and latent. The definition of manifest is to make evident by showing, a manifest...
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