...opportunities in greener vehicles and alternative mobility. The shooting upward trend of price of fuel, pollution and purchasing power of the people the Indian automobile industry look to create a segment of consumer that has demand for the “GREEN VEHICLES” that are more fuel efficient, less CO2 emission and low operating cost or can run on alternate fuel. KEYWORDS: Green vehicles, Alternate fuel, Hybrid cars, Eco-friendly, CNG/LPG vehicles, E-mobility INTRODUCTION Demographically and economically, India’s automotive industry is well-positioned for growth, servicing both domestic demand and, increasingly, export opportunities. A predicted increase in India’s working-age population is likely to help stimulate the burgeoning market for private vehicles. Rising prosperity, easier access to finance and increasing affordability is expected to see four-wheelers gaining volumes, although two wheelers will remain the primary choice for the majority of purchasers, buoyed by greater appetite from rural areas, the youth market and women. Domestically, some consolidation or alliances might be expected, driven by the need for access to better technology, manufacturing facilities, service and distribution networks. The components sector is in a strong position to cash-in on India’s...
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...impact of GST on Malaysian households; 3) estimate the total GST raised from households in perfect condition vs. practical circumstance; 4) estimate the expected inflation spike based on the Consumer Price Index; and 5) discuss the wider implications of implementing GST. Despite setting essential items like basic food, public transportation, education and healthcare as exempt or zero rated items, we show that GST is a regressive tax. Using 7% as the standard GST rate, the average household is expected to pay 2.93% of monthly income as GST (RM 104 per month in July 2013 values). Households will pay higher percentage of their income as GST if they are: middle and low income groups (with those earning around RM 2,500 per month paying 3.07%), engaged as technicians, clerical and services workers, farmers and fishermen, in single person household, in young households (less than 24 years old), Bumiputera-led households and households residing in Peninsular Malaysia. We find that it is not possible to make GST a progressive tax as long as we want to raise the same amount of revenue. We experimented with: 1) a multi-tiered GST system whereby certain items attract higher GST rate than the standard rate; and 2) imposing high GST rate on fewer items, whilst exempting or zero-rating all remaining items. The high GST rate can be levied on transport excluding public transportation...
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...SURVEY Executive Radar 2011 European Rail Industry WHY PRODUCE AN EXECUTIVE RADAR? As a top strategy consultancy in the rail sector, Roland Berger Strategy Consultants actively supports industry leaders in identifying challenges, uncovering solutions and driving decisive change in their organizations. We have identified a growing need for dialogue amongst senior railway executives regarding the key issues that drive the industry. Therefore, we launched an "Executive Radar" to support executivelevel thinking in the European railway industry. This survey was conducted between July and September 2011, involving more than 150 top industry executives and representing a broad range of segments and positions in the value chain. The survey captured prevailing trends on two hot topics: > How have liberalization and privatization already affected companies along the value chain and what will be the biggest challenges in the coming years? > Which instruments can increase your companies' profitability and strengthen the sustainability of your financial base? Here we present the conclusions and trust you will find them insightful in supporting your strategic thinking and decision making. We would welcome the opportunity to have a more detailed discussion directly with you on any of the issues presented. THE EUROPEAN RAIL PRACTICE MANAGEMENT TEAM Stéphane Albernhe (Paris) Christoph Beseler Didier Bréchemier Francesco Calvi Parisetti Alain d'Oultremont Roland Falb Boris Firsov...
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...Objective Chapter 1.0 1.1 1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Network Concepts (21 percent) Compare the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models: OSI model (Layer 1 – Physical, Layer 2 – Data link, Layer 3 – Network, Layer 4 – Transport, Layer 5 – Session, Layer 6 – Presentation, Layer 7 – Application); TCP/IP model (Network Interface Layer, Internet Layer, Transport Layer, Application Layer [Also described as: Link Layer, Internet Layer, Transport Layer, Application Layer]) Classify how applications, devices, and protocols relate to the OSI model layers: MAC address; IP address; EUI-64; Frames; Packets; Switch; Router; Multilayer switch; Hub; Encryption devices; Cable; NIC; Bridge Explain the purpose and properties of IP addressing: Classes of addresses (A, B, C and D, Public vs. Private); Classless (CIDR); IPv4 vs. IPv6 (formatting); MAC address format; Subnetting; Multicast vs. unicast vs. broadcast; APIPA Explain the purpose and properties of routing and switching: EIGRP; OSPF; RIP; Link state vs. distance vector vs. hybrid; Static vs. dynamic; Routing metrics (Hop counts, MTU, bandwidth, Costs, Latency); Next hop; Spanning-Tree Protocol; VLAN (802.1q); Port mirroring; Broadcast domain vs. collision domain; IGP vs. EGP; Routing tables; Convergence (steady state) Identify common TCP and UDP default ports: SMTP – 25; HTTP – 80; HTTPS – 443; FTP – 20, 21; TELNET – 23; IMAP – 143; RDP – 3389; SSH – 22; DNS – 53; DHCP – 67, 68 Explain the function of common networking...
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...SCHEMES OF WORK – COMMERCE (GRADE TEN) SCHEMES OF WORK – COMMERCE (GRADE TEN) WEEKLY SCHEDULE(3 periods a week) | TOPICS AND CONTENT | LEARNING OBJECTIVES- Students will be able to: | TEACHINGSTRATEGIES | SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES | RESOURCES | ASSESSMENT | 1. Introduction to Commerce | | | | | | 1 | A) Organizational Structure of Commerce | 1. Define the terms within the organizational structure. 2. Draw up and complete the organizational structure of commerce. | Graphic OrganizerMnemonic Strategies | Question and AnswerIllustrationsBingo | Wall ChartsMini chart print outs Commerce Textbooks: (Listing of texts attached) | Quizzes:-Chart completion-DefinitionsBingo Games | | B) Needs and Wants | 3. Distinguish between needs and wants. 4. Discuss the role played by producers in the satisfaction of consumer needs and wants | SPAR ( Spontaneous Argumentation)Graphic Organizer | DiscussionsQuestion and Answer | Commerce TextbooksPowerPoint PresentationInternetLaptop | Assignment-categorizing needs and wants. | 1 | C) Economic Systems | 5. Identify and explain types of economic systems | Graphic Organizer | Questions and Answers | Chart PrintoutsCommerce Textbooks | Quiz | 1 | D) Direct and Indirect Production | 6. Distinguish between direct and indirect production 7. List and explain the commercial occupations. | Graphic OrganizerCooperative learningMnemonic Strategies | Role playDiscussionsGraphic Organizer | Commerce Textbooks | Assignment-categorizing...
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...Interchange In most major cities the amount of congestion on the roads is increasing. Some of this is due to commercial vehicles, but by far the majority is due to private cars.There are several ways of controlling the number of vehicles using certain areas. These include prohibition ofcars in pedestrian areas, restricted entry, limits onparking, traffic calming schemes, and so on. A relatively new approach has road-user charging, where cars pay afee to use a particular length of road, with the fee possibly changing with prevailing traffic conditions. Generally, the most effective approach to reducing traific congestion is to improve public transport. These services must be attractive to people who judge them by a range of factors, such as the comfort of seating, amount of crowding, handling of luggage, availability offood, toilets, safety, facilities in waiting areas. availabilityof escalators and lifts, and so on. However, the dominant considerations are cost, time and reliability. Buses are often the most flexible form of public transport, with the time for a journey consisting of four parts : • joining time, which is the time needed to get to a bus stop • waiting time, until the bus arrives • journey time, to acnrallg do the travelling • leaving time, to get from the bus to the final destination. Transport policies can reduce these times by acombination of frequent services, well-planned routes, and bus priority schemes. Then convenient journeys andsubsidised...
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...Capitalism. · Capitalism vs Socialism. · Capitalism vs Communism. · Types Of Capitalism. · Advantages Of Capitalism. · Disadvantages Of Capitalism. · Criticism On Capitalism. CAPITALISM An economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. It is easy to forget that capitalism was coined not so long ago, in the mid-19th century, when the Industrial Revolution was in full swing, and individual entrepreneurs were creating new industries and amassing wealth. Terms for the other two major competing economic systems of the past two centuries— socialism and communism—were also coined around the same time. Also, about the same time it became common to designate all such coinages as “isms”: terms formed by adding the suffix -ism to a root word in order to expand its meaning to encompass a related system, theory, or practice. Thus from a fairly old word, capital, the relatively newer word, capitalism, was formed to describe the then emerging economies of the West. On the surface, the meaning of capitalism seems straightforward, referring to an economic system in which private individuals, rather than governments, own property and businesses. But beneath the surface, strong currents of opinion and theory swirl about the term. Capitalism vs Socialism Capitalism...
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...caves and first set establishment villages. It also shows us the contribution of science, mathematics, and industry to our built environment. Invisible infrastructure contributes to the quality of people’s life. 1.0 The Concept and definition of Infrastructure Projects Infrastructure refers to economic services from utilities such as electricity, gas, telecommunications and water. Transport works such as roads, bridges, urban transit systems, seaports and airports which are central in promoting economic activities in the country. Good infrastructure helps by providing economic services efficiently, promoting economic competitiveness and supports high productivity. Poor infrastructure on the other hand impedes economic growth and can be seriously detrimental to the efficient use of scarce resources. The role of infrastructure in the economy, the essential nature of its services, the size of individual projects, and its important social dimensions call for a governmental role in planning and promoting, and ensuring independent regulations that provide a level playing field for both public and private sector enterprises. When projects are operational, the role of...
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...Survival In and Out of the Road The Case of Transport Industry in Metro Manila Philippines Candy Lim Chiu, MBA, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Hiromi Shioji, D. Econ, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ABSTRACT The Public Utility Jeepney (PUJ) industry’s days are numbered despite the fact that it is an epitome of Philippine ingenuity on hybrid vehicle, cheap transportation, means of livelihood and employment generator that spans more than 50 years as the King of the Road. Its detour in the Philippine economy continue to be challenge by factors such as indirect government support, environmental issues, social demands, economic crisis, transport competition and entrance of substitution of Asian Utility Vehicle (AUV) that collide from all direction living the industry in jeopardy. This paper examines the similarities, differences and trends of transport business and industry in the Philippines concentrating to two major rival mode namely PUJ and AUV where it present diverse lessons to be shared for future studies of transportation business and industry around the globe. Ultimately, it aims to make recommendation on measures of ensuring a level of playing field between the players with the existence of substantial economic potential, industry improvement and concrete policy instrument. INTRODUCTION From downtown city of Metro Manila famously overcrowded public utility vehicles (PUV) headed by the legendary Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ) and the contemporary...
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...Based Pricing in Transport Key Implementation Issues from the Economic Perspective Erik Verhoef, Free University Amsterdam Paper prepared for IMPRINT 1. Introduction Marginal cost pricing in transport is a ‘hot’ topic, in at least two senses. First, as is well known, over the last decade(s), sophisticated pricing policies in transport have evolved from a primarily academic, theoretical construct, to a realistic and seriously considered option for many areas – urban and non-urban – around the world. This is due to (at least) two simultaneous, interacting developments, viz. the steady growth in transport related problems such as congestion and emissions on the one hand, and the development of technologies enabling automated charging on the other. So, marginal cost pricing in transport is ‘hot’ in the sense that many governments, at different spatial levels, seriously explore the possibilities for implementing some form of pricing policies aimed at the containment of transport-induced externalities. At the same time, such proposals are rarely met by great public enthusiasm, making it a ‘hot’ topic from the political viewpoint in that policy makers might easily burn their hands when proposing to drastic pricing reforms in transport. A very common result is that proposals for pricing schemes often end up in the proverbial wastebasket long before a first penny was to be actually charged. Apparently, the implementation of marginal cost based pricing in transport is not as straightforward...
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...Understanding Virtual Private Networks Understanding Virtual Private Networks In today’s fast paced world, it is not uncommon for people to access sensitive digital data from a network other than the network where the sensitive data is natively stored and maintained. Whether it is employees trying to access corporate data from outside of the office, or customers accessing data from a company’s database, the need to access data from outside of the data’s native network has become a requirement in today’s society. Although there is more than one way to access remote data, the most common technology used is a VPN (Virtual Private Network). A virtual private network is a way to establish a private network connection over a public network (Resource 1). A virtual private network takes advantage of the internet as a backbone for private network connections between remote locations. Although the internet is a common denominator between the two remote network connection solutions, each solution has its differences and both provide different benefits. The two most common options for connecting remote locations, is by way of a VPN or a leased connection. When it comes to regulatory issues surrounding VPN’s, most of the issues that relate to VPN’s are meant to apply towards the internet in general. The cool thing about VPN’s is they provide a secure connection by using an infrastructure that is already in place, so there are not many regulatory issues that independently...
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...| |2014 | | | | | |Submitted to: | | |TAKRIMA SAYEDA | | |Lecturer | | | | | |University Of Dhaka | | | | | | | | |Course: THM 325 | |[BANGLADESH RAILWAYS – THE LIFE LINE OF THE COUNTRY] | | | | | |Prepared By: GROUP – ‘Knockout Knights’ | | | Group name : `Knockout Knights` Course code : THM - 325 Member’ |Name ...
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...Unit 2 Assignment – Data Encryption Security & Lab 3.10D and Lab 3.10E Oren Shedo Kaplan University Abstract Computer key encryption is becoming popular day by day because of hackers within the online world. Hackers are cracking into peoples systems left and right for their own personal gain and gaining information that can be used for identity theft. Identity theft is one of the biggest cybercrimes out there today. There are numerous security protocols and techniques out there to secure your computer though from hackers and curious people out there in the Internet. Security protocols such as secure socket layer and transport layer security are the most popular now for securing ecommerce websites. Secure socket layer is even popular for securing peoples email system as well as sender policy framework for filtering spam mail and not cluttering your inbox with junk. Another topic that is popular these days is what type of security key should we put on our networks. This report will go through why a WPA2 type security key is vital to a network for security. Part 1 - Lab 3.10D – Using the Windows Encrypting File System (EFS) 1. 2 to 6. 7. When a networked user tried to access the encrypted test3 folder, they were given an access denied error. 9. 11. When transferring test1.txt into the test3 folder, it turned into an encrypted file. 12. 13-14. for #13, the test5.txt stayed encrypted within the test folder. 16. Operation of exporting certificate was...
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...Finance and Private Public Partnership in financing logistics infrastructure. Introduction Finance scholars acknowledge a clear-cut distinction between corporate finance and project finance. The two techniques are considered as basically different approaches to the problem of raising debt to fund capital investments. In corporate finance lenders assess the creditworthy of a whole company, evaluating the going concern, the full range of projects in place, and the cautional value of all the assets. The amount to lend and the risk-spread are decided on a global evaluation of the firm’s economic and financial situation. In project finance, the goal is the implementation of a specific project. Lenders typically finance a special purpose vehicle for the development and construction of a particular project, looking to cashflows and project’s assets as sources of payment for their loans, rather than to the credit ratings of the project sponsors. Historically project finance was widely used in financing transport and logistics infrastructure, like railways or channels. More recently, in the past decades, there has been a new wave of global interest: large amounts of debt have been raised to finance projects like motorways, distriparks, maritime ports, intermodal logistic platforms. These infrastructures are built, owned and operated by special purpose vehicles (SPV), organized for that single project and financed mainly by debt. In many cases, SPVs are not wholly owned by private investors...
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...Sudhir-FPM/04 Vinay Prabhu-59 Vishal Shitut-60 Kerala Transport Company ------------------------------------------------- Contents 1) Introduction of company 1.1 Industry Introduction 1.2 Infrastructure 1.3 Present Situation and competition 2) Description of Operating System 2.1 Input-Output Transformation 2.2 Stakeholder Analysis 2.3.1 Stakeholder Map 2.3.2 Specific Stakeholders and stakes 2.3.3 Power Vs Stakeholder Matrix 2.3 Processes Involved in Transportation 2.4 Service Blue-print 2.5 Behaviour over Time diagrams 3) Analysis of Operating System 3.1 Observations made after talking to various employees 3.2 Cause and Effect Analysis(Fishbone Diagram) 4) Improving the Operating System 4.1 Modelling the system(causal loop diagrams) 4.2 Competitive Benchmarking 4.2.1 Performance Measures 4.2.2 Comparison 4.2.3 Process Enablers needed 1. ------------------------------------------------- Introduction The company (operating system) we have chosen is Kerala Transport Company(KTC).It is a part of the KTC Group which also owns Matrubhumi Newspaper, Hotels, Auto-mobile Dealerships etc. The company was formed in 1958 and is head-quartered at Calicut. It is a family owned business. 1.1 INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION KTC is a part of huge and growing surface transport industry. The surface Transport industry consists of various national level players...
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