...Public Transport vs. Private Transport Nowadays people from all over the world are suffering from the air pollution. One of the reasons of such situation is the constantly increasing car usage. Are we able to do something in order to encourage people not to use private cars or to use them less? To be honest, there are only several things we can do. Among them is propaganda of the risks caused by the private cars usage. We can provide people with the main benefits they can get by using public transport and make the transportation prices more affordable. First of all, advertisement is a very powerful “weapon”. Many people can remember the ad they saw several years ago. Advertisement has a very strong effect. It can impress people, influence their thoughts and even change them. Of course, it is impossible to encourage all people from all over the world to use public transport only. But still a certain number of people will definitely give up using cars and will give preferences to the public transport as time goes by. Moreover, we can also provide people with the benefits they can get from usage of public transport. For example, it is possible to provide those people who use public transport with the 20% discount when they need to buy something. Also, it is possible to implement special cards that will be some kinds of an opportunity to change bus to train for free. As a final point, let’s take a look at one more thing we can provide people with in order to encourage them to...
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...are deciding on whether to send their child to a public and private school. Both public and private schools provide education and opportunities for students, but it sometimes can be a difficult for parents to make a choice. This paper will compare and contrast five areas that should be considered will make a choice should as cost, curriculum, class size, teachers and transportation that relate to public and private schools. One of the differences between private and public schools is cost. Public schools are free to the parent. Public schools are funded by the state through tax money. (Great Schools Staff, n.d.). Private schools will charge tuition. Private schools do not receive tax money and are funded through the tuition money along with donations from alumni (Great Schools Staff, n.d.). Many families will choose public school because it does not cost, and another family will choose private school no matter how much the cost. Another difference between public and private schools is the curriculum. Public schools must follow the curriculum that is mandated by the state. The state has set outlines for each grade level. (Great Schools Staff, n.d.). Private schools can set their own curriculum. Furthermore, public schools have to take standardized testing and private schools determine their own testing. Some public schools are crowded with students. The mean class size for students is around 25-40 students. Private schools are normally much smaller, in which the...
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...than private schools, public education is by far the best; no child left behind or denied an education regardless of standards. There are many pros and cons in both public and private school that needed to be weighed. Student diversity, cost, class size, federal, state and local laws, different types of schools, transportation, and the teachers are all factors that can help aid in your decision. First we have the cost of attendance. Private schools the doubt or question you can ask yourself, “Are you getting what you paid for?” Private school is very expensive; they manage on a balanced budget. They do not take no funding from the government, they will accept nonpublic sources of support from religious organizations, endowments, grants and charitable donations, therefore they charge for every aspect of their school. The average cost for tuition is between $1,600 up to 8,000 a year, it all depends, what grade level and if school has religious affiliation. On the other hand, Public schools are not allowed to charge tuition, the cost to attend public school is free, when you get in high school you may get charged the price of your books. All public schools are funded by local, state and government taxes. On the other hand class size is a major difference. Private schools control their enrollment, and their class is much smaller which makes the student to teacher ratio is better at a private school. There are fewer electives and extra-curricular activities at a private. Public...
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...ORTIGAS & CO. LTD., VS COURT OF APPEALS G.R. No. 126102, December 4, 2000 Topic: POLICE POWER FACTS: * This petition seeks to reverse the decision of Court of Appeals, dated March 25, 1996, in CA – G.R. SP No. 39193, which nullified the write of the write of preliminary injunction issued by the Regional Trial Court of Pasig City, Bramch 261, in Civil Case No. 64931. * On August 25, 1976, petitioner Ortigas & Company sold to Emilia Hermoso, a parcel of land known as Lot 1, Block 21, Psd-66759, with an area of 1,508 square meters, located in Greenhills Subdivision IV, San Juan, Metro Manila, and covered by Transfer Certificate of Title No. 0737. The contract of sale provided that the lot: a. Be used exclusively for residential purposes only, and not more than one single-family residential building will be constructed thereon. b. The BUYER shall not erect any sign or billboard on the roof for advertising purposes. c. No single-family residential building shall be erected until the building plans, specification have been approved by the seller. d. Restrictions shall run with the land and shall be construed as real covenants until December 31, 2025 when they shall cease and terminate These and the other conditions were duly annotated on the certificate of title issued to Emilia. * In 1981, the Metropolitan Manila Commission (now Metropolitan Manila Development Authority) enacted MMC Ordinance No. 81-01, also known as the...
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...Family c. Alone d. Other (Please Specify) 3.) What type of transportation do you use to go shopping? a. Private vehicle b. Public transportation (If answered private vehicle to number 3 please go to question number 4, if answered Public Transportation please go to question number 5.) 4.) How likely are you willing to carpool? a. Very likely b. Likely c. No change d. Less likely e. Not likely at all 5.) Do you shop at other outlets in the area? If yes please answer question number 6, if no go to question number 7. a. Yes b. No 6.) Please rank the shopping centers from best to worst – (with 1 representing the best) Paragon Outlets Hacienda Shopping Center Stoneridge Mall Livermore Plaza 7.) I will be stopping at Paragon outlets instead of the other malls in the area. a. Strongly agree b. Agree c. Somewhat agree d. Disagree e. Strongly disagree 8.) Why would you shop at the Outlet? a. Shopping b. Food c. Entertainment d. Other 9.) When will you be visiting the Outlet? a. Morning b. Lunchtime c. Afternoon d. Evening e. Weekend 10.) How many times do you visit a mall or shopping center in a month? a. 0-1 b. 2-5 c. 6-9 d. 10-14 e. 15+ 11.) Do you believe there is a benefit shopping at a mall vs. at local stores a. Yes b. No c. Don’t shop at local stores ...
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...City vs. Country Living Tired of waking up to gunshots or sirens at 3 A.M? Does the thought of crickets being the loudest noise around sound appealing? Big city living and country living both offer a place to lay down roots and make a house a home. It has always been a controversial decision when determining whether country living or city living is best, it is all based on what people’s perception of living is. But, both would require a particular type of person due to the dramatic differences each has. The difference between the city and country are; surroundings, entertainment, transportation, employment, and education. The city offers a variety of buildings of all different shapes, and sizes. The bright lights at night can be real pleasing to the eyes such as the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington or the Empire State Building in New York City, New York. People travel from all over the world to see these kinds of structures. Which leads us to the wonderful 5 mile an hour bumper-to-bumper traffic, and beautiful brownish/yellow tinted skies. There are houses as far as the eyes can see; they are so close that best friends can basically jump from rooftop to rooftop. Where as in the country, there might not be another house or car for miles. Trees or large open fields usually surround the houses; this may be the main reason for the fresh, crisp clean air. People can lie out at night and count the stars, since there are no distractions from buildings or bright lights. This...
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...opportunities in greener vehicles and alternative mobility. The shooting upward trend of price of fuel, pollution and purchasing power of the people the Indian automobile industry look to create a segment of consumer that has demand for the “GREEN VEHICLES” that are more fuel efficient, less CO2 emission and low operating cost or can run on alternate fuel. KEYWORDS: Green vehicles, Alternate fuel, Hybrid cars, Eco-friendly, CNG/LPG vehicles, E-mobility INTRODUCTION Demographically and economically, India’s automotive industry is well-positioned for growth, servicing both domestic demand and, increasingly, export opportunities. A predicted increase in India’s working-age population is likely to help stimulate the burgeoning market for private vehicles. Rising prosperity, easier access to finance and increasing affordability is expected to see four-wheelers gaining volumes, although two wheelers will remain the primary choice for the majority of purchasers, buoyed by greater appetite from rural areas, the youth market and women. Domestically, some consolidation or alliances might be expected, driven by the need for access to better technology, manufacturing facilities, service and distribution networks. The components sector is in a strong position to cash-in on India’s...
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...ECON241 (Fall 2010) 8. 9. 2010 (Tutorial 1) Chapter 2 Market Forces: Demand and Supply Demand Law of demand: the price of a good rises and all other things remain constant, the quantity demanded of the good falls Individual demand curve and market demand curve Demand Shifters Change in demand VS Change in quantity demanded Shift of the demand curve VS Movement along the demand curve (1) Income Inferior good: demand is negatively related to changes in buyer’s income Normal good: demand is positively related to changes in buyers income Are these goods normal goods or inferior goods? Transportation services: public transportation, private car Movies: afternoon matinees, regular evening showings The distinction between normal and inferior goods and Business strategy The demand for inferior products during economic growth and recession The demand for inferior products for richer/poorer countries, developed/ developing countries Examples (2) Prices of related goods Substitutes: an increase in the price of one good causes an increase in the demand for the other goods Complements: an increase in the price of one good causes a fall in the demand for the other goods Examples: movies, popcorn, video rental? (3) Advertising and consumer tastes Informative advertising Persuasive advertising (4) Population Composition of the population and the demand for products (5) Consumer expectations Stockpiling (6) Other factors Example: durability of products ...
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...something and they have shipped it, but you haven’t still received it. It may have costs such as insuring it. Also the slower the product moves, the later you can get your rate of return on the investment * Decoupling stock: ________ Reasons for carrying inventory * To reduce the negative effects of uncertainty * Demand * Supply * Production * Transportation * To gain economies of scale * Purchasing * Production * Transportation 1. Uncertainty a. Uncertainty in demand i. Customer demand is usually unknown ii. Maintain target customer service levels iii. Stock-out cost (you lose sales) vs. inventory carrying costs (you’re able to meet customer demand, but then you have extra) b. Uncertainty in supply iv. Availability, prices may vary (raw material may not be available at all times, and their prices may vary. Thus, when prices go down, it is more beneficial to buy inventory) v. Maintain uninterrupted flow of raw material vi. Stock-out costs vs. inventory carrying costs c. Production vii. Process times, sequences may vary viii. Minimize idle...
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...of GST on Malaysian households; 3) estimate the total GST raised from households in perfect condition vs. practical circumstance; 4) estimate the expected inflation spike based on the Consumer Price Index; and 5) discuss the wider implications of implementing GST. Despite setting essential items like basic food, public transportation, education and healthcare as exempt or zero rated items, we show that GST is a regressive tax. Using 7% as the standard GST rate, the average household is expected to pay 2.93% of monthly income as GST (RM 104 per month in July 2013 values). Households will pay higher percentage of their income as GST if they are: middle and low income groups (with those earning around RM 2,500 per month paying 3.07%), engaged as technicians, clerical and services workers, farmers and fishermen, in single person household, in young households (less than 24 years old), Bumiputera-led households and households residing in Peninsular Malaysia. We find that it is not possible to make GST a progressive tax as long as we want to raise the same amount of revenue. We experimented with: 1) a multi-tiered GST system whereby certain items attract higher GST rate than the standard rate; and 2) imposing high GST rate on fewer items, whilst exempting or zero-rating all remaining items. The high GST rate can be levied on transport excluding public transportation...
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...Mapua Institute of Technology Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila School of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Applying Transportation Systems On San Pedro City, Laguna In Partial Requirements for SVM161 Submitted By: Andrada, Michael Sherwin Sillo, Jerome Submitted To: Prof. Elisier Fantillo Introduction History San Pedro became a town on January 18, 1725, when King Charles II of Spain decreed that the town formerly known as "Tabuko" be a separate town from "Kabullaw" (now known as the city of Cabuyao). By virtue of the last will of Philip V of Spain, Rodriguez de Figueroa or "Don Esteban", a group of Augustinian Fathers gained the ownership of the Tunasán Estate. Later on, San Pedro became an hacienda of Colegio de San José, a group of Jesuits friars who took over the property which now is known as "San Pedro Tunasán". "Tunasán" literally means "a place where there is Tunás" (Opuntia tuna), a medicinal plant abundant on shoreline area. During that period, agriculture, fishing, duck raising, fruit trees, sampaguita were the main source of income of its residents. This period was highlighted by the growing tenant/landlord dispute. The tenants of Hacienda San Pedro Tunasán fought for their birthrights over their ancestral lands. This struggle took almost 423 years of unsuccessful resistance to Colegio de San José, and in 1938, the government bought the homesites of the San Pedro Tunasán Hacienda from the Colegio for re-sale...
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...Candy Lim Chiu, MBA, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Hiromi Shioji, D. Econ, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ABSTRACT The Public Utility Jeepney (PUJ) industry’s days are numbered despite the fact that it is an epitome of Philippine ingenuity on hybrid vehicle, cheap transportation, means of livelihood and employment generator that spans more than 50 years as the King of the Road. Its detour in the Philippine economy continue to be challenge by factors such as indirect government support, environmental issues, social demands, economic crisis, transport competition and entrance of substitution of Asian Utility Vehicle (AUV) that collide from all direction living the industry in jeopardy. This paper examines the similarities, differences and trends of transport business and industry in the Philippines concentrating to two major rival mode namely PUJ and AUV where it present diverse lessons to be shared for future studies of transportation business and industry around the globe. Ultimately, it aims to make recommendation on measures of ensuring a level of playing field between the players with the existence of substantial economic potential, industry improvement and concrete policy instrument. INTRODUCTION From downtown city of Metro Manila famously overcrowded public utility vehicles (PUV) headed by the legendary Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ) and the contemporary Asian Utility Vehicles (AUV) riding the waves of the city commuter and connecting businesses...
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...telecommunications and water. Transport works such as roads, bridges, urban transit systems, seaports and airports which are central in promoting economic activities in the country. Good infrastructure helps by providing economic services efficiently, promoting economic competitiveness and supports high productivity. Poor infrastructure on the other hand impedes economic growth and can be seriously detrimental to the efficient use of scarce resources. The role of infrastructure in the economy, the essential nature of its services, the size of individual projects, and its important social dimensions call for a governmental role in planning and promoting, and ensuring independent regulations that provide a level playing field for both public and private sector enterprises. When projects are operational, the role of...
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...Abstract The Republic of Turkey is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by eight countries and five main seas. Istabul is the largest city in Turkey, and Turkey’s capital is Ankara. About 48% of the population lives in the cities or towns. The rest lives in rural areas. Most of people in Turkey are Muslim, which are followers of Islami. Also, in this paper, the culture of Turkish, the life in Turkey such as health care system, transportation, and education system are also mentioned. The Turkey republican parliamentary democracy and the economy are discussed later in the paper. The last part is business etiquette talking about some important customs that business foreigner should know. Background Turkey, also known as the Republic of Turkey, is a land-bridge linking Europe and Asia. The history of Turkey encompasses, first, the history of Anatolia before the coming of the Turks and of the civilizations – Hittite, Thracian, Hellenistic, and Byzantine – of which Turkish nation is the heir by assimilation. Second, it includes the history of Turkish people including Seljuks, who brought Islam and Turkish language into Anatolia. Third, it is the history of the Ottoman Empire, a cosmopolitan – Islamic state that developed a small Turkish amirate in Anatolia. Finally, Turkey was established in 1923, after the fall of Ottoman Empire, under “Father Turk”. It is immediately started on a course of modernization in all walks of life (Turkey...
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...They begin to discuss southern black women perspective on racism and their experiences during the modern civil rights movement. These women protested, participated in sit in and help change the inequality in the Deep South. The book is divided up in chapter specific to the states that racism affected in the south. The books discuss women experiences they faced during the civil rights movement in different states. The modern civil rights movement according to the authors is specified as the period of time in the U.S from 1954-1974. Jim Crow laws were intact, schools were segregated. Public accommodations and voter’s registrations In the first few paragraphs discuss the scholarship on the civil rights movement. Paragraph one we are introduced to Irene Morgan and Barbara Johns both women talked about their experiences and how they led up to the freedom rides. We also are introduced to the Brown vs. Board of education, sought to end segregation in an institutional setting and spearheaded the movement to end segregation. The inequality of education was a major issue during the modern civil rights era. These women wanted equality for their children and their resistance generated social reform. Yvonne Davis Frear’s essay “African American women in Texas Civil Rights Movement highlights the contributions of African American women in Texas such as Lula B. White, Juanita Craft, Christia Adair, Barbara Jordan and other women. The essay strengthened the theme of the book their contributions...
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