...(2010) * Liveweight produced , sheep =140 tonnes * Liveweight produced per hectare allocated to sheep =281 kg/ hectare/ year * Pasture demand as % of pasture growth =55% * Pasture deficit, using freshly grown supply= 1000 tonnes / year * Pasture deficit, using supply with carryover = 353 tonnes / year Scope of Plan * Part 1: Manage pasture growth at Roseworthy * Part 2 : Manage reproduction of Merino ewes with Poll Dorset rams * Part 3: Lamb finishing strategy * Part 4: Manage wool quality of Merino ewes Abbreviations Merino ewe: ME Poll Doset ram:PDR Merino X Poll Dorset lamb: MxPDL Prediction calculations : * 900 Merino ewe (each around 50-60kg; average 55 kg liveweight)=55x900=49500 kg * 900 Poll Dorset ram (each around 60-70kg; average 65kg liveweight )=65x900=58500 kg * Predicted at least 900 lambs produced , each will be slaughtered at 21 weeks of age at 50kg= 900x50= 45000kg * Hectare of land needed per year : = 545 hectare of land /year Part 1. Management of pasture growth at Roseworthy Pasture management is important to produce food for ME , PDR and MxPDL. A high fertility pasture farming approach is chosen in order to meet the key target total sheep live weight 140tonnes (140,000kg). It is recommended that per hectare allocated for sheep is 281 kg/hectare/ year (Figure 1.2). Pasture from Roseworthy provides enough feed supply from April to November (Figure1.1), stocking rate could be increased...
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...time with my family. Out in the country of South Dakota I can be as loud as I want and as messy as I want without having to deal with people complaining about my yard and my company. Sun peaks out from behind the mountains as if it were reluctant to face the world today. The rooster crows to inform everyone that we have lived to see another beautiful day. From the wrap around porch of my house you could see the beams of light shining around the peaks of the mountains. Soon the entire ranch will be filled with light and warm rays from the sun. Woven basket in hand I head towards the chicken coup to retrieve the last of the fresh eggs for this week’s...
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...Environmental Studies The simple word “organic” has a lot of meaning behind it. Organic food is food that comes straight from the ground usually by farmed by a famer which takes close look at what he is growing. It also pertains to healthy animals that live their lives without being injected with anything. The farmer does not use any pesticides, chemical fertilizers or GMO’s. The food is 100% organic without any artificial growth aid. This means that al plants and animals that are on the farm are healthy and do not come into any contact with chemicals such as pesticides, hormones, or GMO’s. Organic is all about keeping plants and animals healthy but also the environment we live in healthy. There are many ways to have good soil without chemicals and some ways are composting your food. It is free and very affective. There are a lot of debates whether people should by organic or not. Some are that buying organic is more expenses because you as the consumer have to pay more for the famer that grows it. Another is if organic food has more nutrients and healthy then other foods. According to the Organic valley website, organic food is not only beneficial for people but it makes our animals, soil and planet a whole lot healthier. Organic food blocks away toxins that your body may pick up when you buy food that was processed in factories and grown with pesticides. From first hand experience I have tasted organic food and I have noticed that it is a lot more flavorful then non-organic...
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...hill to the pasture, the family digital camera in tow. It was June 2009, I was thirteen, just out of seventh grade, and Jenny II, my favorite cow, had finally had her calf. I saw her precious baby the day before, but I hadn’t brought along a camera to document the young bull and his soft, greyish white coat. I had been half praying it’d be a grey calf, not that it really matters. I’d have loved a black calf just as much. Most calves, like most babies, are creatures to ooh and ah over, and black calves, I have been told, sell the best. But grey calves have always been my favorite. I guess one thing is that there is something special about a baby looking like a miniature version of his mother. Another thing is the uniqueness. I love being able to look out at the pasture from a distance and know that little grey calf is Jenny II’s because aside from 197R, she is the only cow in our herd with any Charolais in her and could possibly produce such a calf. But really, I think my strong fondness of my two Jennys is probably the main reason I love grey calves. Jenny I was actually born in June as well exactly...
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...drifting toward the mantle to A dust-covered 20-gauge double-barrelled shotgun and a Faded John Cowan Print of a quail hunt on a shin oak Mountaintop of the Texas hill country, “by the early ’80s, The quail were gone.” “Well,” I interjected in a smug biologist’s refrain, “what Changed?” “Hell, I don’t know, but just before that time everybody Planted all the maize fields to coastal (Bermuda grass), and That damn KR bluestem came in from the highway when They redid it.” “I’ll bet that’s part of it,” added the old man. What ran through agronomist Nick Diaz’s mind on a Hot, dry Gulf Coast summer day in 1939, when he first laid Eyes on the maroon, glistening seed heads of Dichanthium annulatum growing in a King Ranch pasture, was prob - ably a lot different than what raced through mine on April 26, 2009. As the one who first noticed the accidentally introduced African grass, and the one who helped select, increase, and release what would come to be known as Kleberg bluestem, Mr. Diaz had high hopes for transform...
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...Sivalik hills and the summers in Lahul and Spiti. The Gujjar cattle herders of Kumaon and Garhwal spend their summers in the ‘bugyals’ and their winters in the ‘bhabar’. The Bhotias, Sherpas and Kinnauri follow the cyclic movement which helps them to adjust to seasonal changes and make best use of pastures. On the plateaus, plains and deserts — The Dhangars of Maharashtra : The Dhangars stay in the central plateau of Maharashtra during the monsoon. This is a semi-arid region. By October they begin their movement towards Konkan. Here their cattle help to manure the fields and hence they are welcomed by the Konkani peasant. As soon as the monsoon sets in, they retreat back to the semi-arid land of Maharashtra. The Gollas who herd cattle and the Kurumas and Kurubas who reared sheep and goat are from Karnataka and Andhra. They live near the woods and in the dry periods they move to the coastal tracts. The Banjaras of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra move to different places in search of good pastures. The Raikas of Rajasthan combine cultivation with pastoralism. When their grazing grounds become dry they move to new and greener pastures. Pastoral...
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...Even if they use up the resource of land, water, and food, the animals that they farm or take care of with those resources will give the herdsmen the payout that they put in, if not more. So the way that the herdsmen take from the environment is the same way the herdsmen gives back to it and mankind. This ensures that even if we as mankind use up a certain natural resource, that we can use the product of that resource to hopefully reestablish what we took. If Hardins was to hear this counter argument to his claims, he probably would say what if the resource that gets used up is irreplaceable. When not all resources have the same value or use, there isn’t a way to justify using one resource to create another. If we use up all of the worlds water to manufacture something useless like cell phones, there is obviously no trade value. Now obviously this situation is unlikely but it gets the point across that not all resources have the same value when put to practical survival...
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...Lori Fowler Community Environmental Issue University of Phoenix January 18, 2015 There is a lot of Environmental issues that surround us daily. After going to the website and put in your zip code nothing in my area would come up. I tried to go to the nearest bigger city and there would be no information that pulled up either, so I decided to write on an Environmental issue that is close to home. Living in west Texas in a small town makes for no reports for our area. I chose to do my report on the water issue that we are facing on a daily basis. The whole state of Texas is under an extreme drought. West Texas has extreme heat and the water in this area is always an issue. There is a severe drought in all areas of Texas. The drought and lack of water is a big environmental issue. With the lack of rain then that means that our water source is slowly dwindling down. There has to rain to fill up lakes, rivers or reservoirs. There was a time this year that our town was down to only 24 months of water supply. When this happens then the people of that town are under water restrictions and you had to abide by those restrictions or you would be fined. I do not see how anyone that knew what the town was facing would not abide by the restrictions that were put in place. Citizens were restricted from watering their yards. People were asked to conserve water where they could. In Texas municipal demand for water is greater than any other uses combined. Most counties in the state...
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...How to Raise Meat Chickens ©2009 Scott Kelland Page 1 of 56 More New Terra Farm Books How to Raise Meat Chickens ©2009 Scott Kelland Table of Contents Introduction: Chickens on your small farm.....................................................................................4 Chickens fit this model................................................................................................................5 Chicken Raising Do' s and Don'ts....................................................................................................8 Getting Started...............................................................................................................................10 Planning – How many birds should you start with?..................................................................11 Chicken Raising Production Schedule...........................................................................................13 Planning subsequent batches.....................................................................................................14 Marketing – How will you sell your meat birds?...........................................................................15 Management – Where to raise your birds......................................................................................18 Production – Sources and supplies.................................................................................................20 Find a source for your...
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...So, here’s the thing. I have been sitting at the kitchen table trying to write the final exam essay for days. Literally. It is a few days before and I am still scratching my head and I just now realized why. You see, I have not written a “paper” in thirty years! That’s not an excuse, it is just a really, really, long time. Sure, I have written presentations, ad campaigns and marketing materials for clients, etc. but I have not written and actual term paper since circa 1986. I could easily put together a complex science fair project proving that more expensive golf balls really do go further, or read the lines of Judas for the upcoming eighth grade play, quote “To Kill a Mockingbird”, I could knock any spelling test out of the ballpark but choose one of your essay questions and use no other sources other than my brain and the Bible, that’s a tall order. But here goes, my first shot at re-entering the world of academia. I suppose with age does come wisdom, or at least the yearning for more. I have discovered that the second time around I am really here to learn, to think, to have conversations about the material studied. It is not just to reach an end goal of credit hours and graduation. Having said that, I wanted to know more about Joel even though you didn’t ask for it or particularly want it. Some of the additional facts I have learned will creep into this paper and I apologize but it just feels as if my understanding of the passage may not be complete without them...
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...Prepared for: Dr. David Conner (Department of CARRS) Dr. Dale Rozeboom (Animal Science) Prepared by: Victoria Campbell-Arvai Department of CARRS, Michigan State University August 17, 2009 Literature Review: A Comparison of Dairy Production Systems SUMMARY This literature review focused on studies comparing the effects of dairy production systems (pasture-based, conventional/confinement1, and mixed) on (i) environmental issues, (ii) social issues, (iii) economic issues, (iv) human health issues, and (v) animal welfare issues. The review was based on peer-reviewed research papers identified by experts at MSU, as well as (where specifically suggested) non peer-reviewed university and government reports. Additional studies were identified from the reference section of recommended papers, as well as via their citation index (primarily Google Scholar). A synopsis of each section is available below, as well as at the end of each section. There is a great deal of research –much of it based in the United States- on the environmental effects of all types of dairy farming, including intensive/confinement, mixed, pasture-based, and management-intensive rotational grazing (MIRG) operations. The vast majority of studies identified for this review focused on the fate and management of excess nitrogen and phosphorous, their effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Many environmental mitigation efforts were suggested, including...
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...The horse has to be cleaned and brushed from it’s head to it’s hooves. Different tools and techniques have to be used to properly care for different areas on the animal's body. In order to groom a horse, first the horse must be caught from pasture. A pasture is a grassy fenced in area where the horse will spend a majority of its time. To catch the horse a halter and lead rope are needed. A halter is normally made of nylon, but however sometimes it’s made...
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...deforestation. When the trees of the forest are cut down or burned, the animal and plant life that inhabitant the area are also destroyed and could very well lead to extinction. These areas are cleared of trees in which are used for lumber for furniture, building supplies or to make other items. We all use items on a daily basis that are produced from the deforestation of the tropical forest such as coffee, paper, beef, and other items. Grassification is another cause of the destruction of the Amazon Rainforest it is the conversion of the tropical forest into pasture land for raising livestock such as cows. Cattle in the certain areas are considered a great asset since they can be sold quickly for cash if needed. Pollution, mining, and farming have all also helped to cause the destruction of the Amazon rainforest. Large companies purchase……. Ecotourism is an increasingly popular form of tourism in which tourists seek out wild and scenic areas such as rainforests. Tourism is a large revenue market that could be a way to save the rainforest. Without the rainforest, ecotourism would most...
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...pwc.com.au The Australian Dairy Industry The Basics The Australian Dairy Industry From family farm to international markets Key points œ Australia is a small producer of milk but is the worldfs third largest dairy exporter as 50% of production is exported. œ The Australiafs dairy industry is Australiafs third largest rural industry, ranking behind wheat and beef, and has a gross value of $4 billion. œ Australia produces a range of dairy products including milk, milk powder, yoghurt, butter and cheese. œ The Australian dairy industry is concentrated in the south-east of Australia, Victoria is the largest production state, however other states have significant dairy industries. œ Victorian production is typically seasonal and enters the export market which makes it prone to volatile global prices. Other dairy production areas (i.e. much of NSW) supply the domestic market which requires year-round production. œ The dairy industry is heavily reliant upon water availability; the industry is currently facing uncertainty over water policy. œ Since deregulation in 2001, the industry has undergone rationalisation. This has left a core of efficient producers that are able to compete against international competitors who are heavily subsidised. Contents Key points i 1 History of the industry 1 2 What and where 2 2.1 Map of production 2 2.2 What is produced where 2 3 Challenges and advantages 3 4 Major markets 4 5 Milk and its products 5 5.1 Fresh...
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...Brenda Greer 05/11/2011 Biology Concepts John Distefano The Texas horned lizard, known by most people as a horny toad has been on the Texas endangered species list since 1967. The Texas horned lizard has a spiky body, which gives them their name horned lizard or horny toad. The horny toad can be found in Texas, Georgia, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, the Carolinas, and Mexico. The Texas horny toad is the largest and most widely distributed of the 14 species of horned lizards in the western United States and Mexico. These unique looking creatures have a flat body and are fierce looking. The head of a horny toad has numerous horns; the two central head spines are much longer than the other horns. Most of the Texas horned lizards have a light line that extends from its head down the middle of its back. The Texas horned lizard is the only species that has dark brown stripes that radiate down from their eyes across the top of their head. The horny toad can be found in aired regions as well as semiarid habitats that have at least some loose soil for burrowing. They are usually found in sandy soil with a limited amount of vegetation. They can also be found in areas with gravely soil as well. The Texas horned toad hibernates from September or October to around late April or May. While the horny toad hibernates they slow their metabolism down so they can go for long periods of time with no food or water. Their mating usually occurs soon after hibernation. After the female...
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