...Chapter 2: QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS If the focus of your study is the examination of documents, than you should have access to such material which may include letters, memos, notes, diaries, photographs, audiotapes, videotapes, films, articles, books, manuscripts, e-mails, online discussions and so forth. In general documents are any preserved recording of a person’s thoughts, actions or creations (Potter, 1996). The examination of documents is especially important to historians who investigate patterns and trends from the past. Documents may be examined to investigate patterns and trends of the past as is commonly done by historians. If no humans remain alive to provide primary evidence, then documents are the in only source of data (Potter, 1996). Documents are also examined by researchers who are investigating subjects who are available. The examination of documents may also provide confirmatory evidence of the information obtained from interviews and observations. For example, Bodroghkozy (1985) examined 42 letters written to her from viewers on their reaction to the TV series “Dallas”. Imagine that you want to find out what goes on in the teachers’ lounge or staff room. You could interview those involved, or maybe even send out a questionnaire. Using the interview or the questionnaire, you would be getting what people thought about what was going on. Sometimes, the best way to gain a ‘rich picture’ of a setting such as the staff room, the school canteen...
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...Qualitative Data Analysis 1. Data reduction Data reduction is a term that applies to the business practice of accumulating, analyzing and ultimately transforming massive amounts of data into a series of summarized reports. The idea behind the data reduction process is to provide a complete though somewhat simplified format that can be utilized with relative ease in business settings. Several different approaches to the process may be used, with the selection of data reduction techniques and systems depending on the nature of the data and how those summary reports need to be structured in order to provide a full and comprehensive representation of that data. 2. Data Display Data display refers to computer output of data to a user, and assimilation of information from such outputs. Some kind of display output is needed for all information handling tasks. Data display is particularly critical in monitoring and control tasks. Data may be output on electronic displays, or hardcopy printouts, or other auxiliary displays and signaling devices including voice output, which may alert users to unusual conditions. 3. Reliability The ability of an apparatus, machine, or system to consistently perform its intended or required function or mission, on demand and without degradation or failure. 4. Validity Validity concerns the degree to which an account is accurate or truthful. In a broad sense, pertains to the relationship between an account and something external to it...
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...Examining Individual Experiences in Healthcare Services A Qualitative Analysis October 3, 2013 Introduction All individuals need or will need healthcare throughout their lifetime. The issue of care and how people feel about the way they are treated by physicians and staff members, as well as, the cost involved in treatment are vital aspects of patient rehabilitation. If an individual is not satisfied with the healthcare services provided, they will not continue with the treatment plan and therefore, go without managed care which can affect their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine common factors and experiences of adult students and to also compare the quality of healthcare among social class. Research Question This study seeks to answer the following research question: What factors affect the healthcare experiences of the adult learner? Literature Review One of the peer reviewed journal articles that I read relevant to this to this subject was titled Practice, Policy, & Perspectives; A Survey Evaluating Patients’ Satisfaction with the Social Work service provided at a Rehabilitation Centre from an Australian Social Work Journal published by Routledge in March 2012. It exemplified the need to develop relationships between patients and the administrators of healthcare services to achieve satisfaction of complete care. The study proclaimed that patient satisfaction is an important indicator in the quality of healthcare. Iliffe...
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...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts Rurik M. Frizzell RES/351 September 29th 2014 Professor Southard Using qualitative research design methods is most essential when dealing with business research. Understanding how numbers and data effect a business’ growth and production are essential in determining what is making or breaking a company’s vision. Profit is understandably the primary goal of any business; however, qualitative data is most essential when determining data on what products, programs, or ideas are attractive to a potential or current customer. Using qualitative analysis will help in making the right choices and provide quality overview for necessary adjustments. In 1982 Adobe Systems was engineered by two men by the names of John Warnock, and Charles Geschke. Using computers for illustration and artwork design was the primary goal of the founders of Adobe. The scientific ingenuity and hard work ushered in an era of design and computer generated programs. The impact was magnificent and is still going strong today, over 40 years later. One of the largest understandings of Adobe was unmet customer needs. Their belief was that even in an age of collecting data, no light can be shed on the gap of unmet customer needs. By determining what customers needed by using surveys, collecting email comments and letters, and by communicating with people and businesses, Adobe believed that it could continuously make adjustments to their programming to satisfy...
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...Case Analysis 5 Analysis: Summary of Chapters California Intercontinental University Introduction This case analysis explores chapters thirteen and fourteen for the particular week. Case analysis introduces the business research and scientific investigation chapters. This paper meets the Course Objectives/Learning Outcomes in the syllabus. Qualitative Data Analysis Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) is the range of processes and procedures whereby we move from the qualitative data that have been collected into some form of explanation, understanding or interpretation of the people and situations we are investigating. QDA is usually based on an interpretative philosophy. The idea is to examine the meaningful and symbolic content of qualitative data. For example, by analyzing interview data the researcher may be attempting to identify any or all of: • Someone's interpretation of the world, • Why they have that point of view, • How they came to that view, • What they have been doing, • How they conveyed their view of their situation, • How they identify or classify themselves and others in what they say, The process of QDA usually involves two things, writing and the identification of themes. Writing of some kind is found in almost all forms of QDA. In contrast, some approaches, such as discourse analysis or conversation analysis may not require the identification of themes. Nevertheless...
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...Homelessness should be a major concern in the United States; more than five hundred-thousand people are homeless in the United States, a quarter of them are children. Does substance abuse correlate to homelessness? There are many studies that would say that the drug or alcohol abuse constitutes a higher proportion of homelessness than the mentally and physically ill. This study provides qualitative analysis between drug users and whether it correlates to homelessness. This analysis also considers the public secrecy in disclosure of their drug addiction. By using literature reviews, I have a better understanding of the previous research that was done and what I could do differently that would be even more effective. I would first examine recent case histories of people...
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...The lack of original content, but the useful analysis is demonstrated in the study, “Hydration and Nutrition at the End of Life” through the examination of emotions and anxiety produced from assisted nutrition and hydration. Assisted Nutrition and hydration, also known as ANH, is a form of life-sustaining treatment for those chronically sick. The content of the study comes from the researchers reviewing and compiling information from previous studies to reach their results. The study concluded that ANH causes serious psychological distress in patients, but spouses insist on the patient maintaining their normal eating and liquid intake habits. It is shown that doctors who recommend ANH are less involved in the care of the patient, compared to...
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...After performing and analyzing Student A’s miscue analysis I learned she developing well for a third grader. Student A was able to read a fourth grade level text at the higher end of the instructional reading level which seems very impressive since she is in the beginning of her 3rd grade year. She was able to recognize words well and flew through the passage however this speed seemed to slow down her inferential understanding. Student A was able to recognize if certain word combinations sounded incorrect and fixed them accordingly, leading to a very strong reading comprehension. When asked right there questions she was able to recall details from the text. With instruction based around making inferences, Student A will learn how to answer...
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...“Qualitative research is a form of social inquiry that focuses on the way people interpret and make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live” (Holloway & Wheeler 2002). An ethnographic approach was necessary for this study because in order to understand the hierarchies and the implications it had on the environment, analysis through observation and interviews formed the best evidence. As Holloway and Wheeler argued, qualitative research is important in order to interpret people’s interactions and understand why they interact and experience things in the way they do. In this new research, climbers of all backgrounds were studied in the University of California Sandy Barbara Rock Gym on campus. This rock gym provides a place...
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...Price waterhouse cooper | Qualitative Analysis of Target and Wal-Mart | | | Sophia Feng | 12/2/2013 | | Contents Introduction 2 Background 2 Figure 1: Comparative Statistics 4 Figure 2: Wal-Mart’s Stock Price from Year to Date 4 Figure 3: Target’s Stock Price from Year to Date 5 Companies’ success stories 5 Comparative Advantages 6 Problems with internal control 6 Figure 4: Document about Hispanic Employees 8 Future Challenges 8 Conclusion 9 Work Cited 10 Introduction Every year the management of Price Waterhouse Cooper will choose from a list of ten successful companies to invest one-third of their company’s profit into the stock market. From these ten companies, a team of people will select two companies that are in the same industry that they believe would be worth investing in. From these two companies, Price Waterhouse will have a team of researchers to do an extensive research on the two companies’ qualitative aspects. This year Price Waterhouse would either invest their money in Target’s or Wal-Mart’s stocks. Both these two retail companies are very successful that still continues to grow each day because of their low and irresistible prices on their merchandises. Not only do they provide their consumers with these prices, but their offer a wide range of merchandises from garden supplies to toddlers’ clothing. The CEO of Price Waterhouse, Eliza Smith, have assigned the accounting department with the task of deciding which...
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...Qualitative Research Critical Analysis Paper Introduction This paper is an academic critique of a qualitative research paper written by Bridgitte Cypress (2014) entitled “The emergency department: Experiences of patients, families, and their nurses.” In this research, the subjects were investigated with regards towards lived experiences to gain insights on how each key elements correlate in the Emergency Department. This academic critique will highlight its strengths and gaps by operating an analytic approach based on the research process in which it exemplifies the parts and qualities of a qualitative research Research Design There is a commitment in maintaining the social context/emic perspective in this study to capture and reflect worldviews...
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...In recent years there has been a growth of research on undocumented immigrants in the United States; however these studies do not captures beyond public policy and economic perspectives. Few studies have focused on the representation of undocumented immigrants on contemporary literature and their personal narratives. Through a qualitative comparative analysis, this research will study Reyna Grande’s The Distance Between Us: A Memoir and her first novel Across a Hundred Mountains. Reyna Grande at the age of nine illegally crossed the border and became an undocumented child immigrant. Leaving her native country during her mid-childhood influenced her identity construction in the U.S. More significantly, as a writer her immigration experience...
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...Written Analysis and Communication (WAC) Assignment-4 ArcellorMittal in India : Sustainable Partnership Model Submitted To: Submitted By: Prof. Manaswini Acharya 15PGDM069 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ArcellorMittal came to India with mission to expand but in a sustainable way. In order to improve its visibility in India it partnered with Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) and Centre for Environmental Education(CEE) to launch one of the largest projects of social responsibility of teaching environment education to school children. The project was highly penetrative but lacked qualitative and quantitative testing. With only three months left for completion, the company faces the issue of deciding the way forward with the project taking the budget, brand image, stakeholders and outcomes into consideration. After a detailed analysis, it is recommended to Mr. Ritesh Sinha, The head of CR, to extend the project timeline by two more years and bring about qualitative improvements in the project to better its effectiveness. Table of Contents Serial No. Contents Page No. 1 Situation Analysis 1 2 Problem Statement 2 3 Options 2 4 Criteria for evaluation 3 5 Evaluations of options 3 6 Recommendations 4 7 Action Plan 4 8 Contingency Plan 5 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS The world’s largest steel and mining company, ArcellorMittal...
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...The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies Hung-Lan Wu & Deborah L. Volker Accepted for publication 24 July 2009 Correspondence to D.L. Volker: e-mail: dvolker@mail.nur.utexas.edu Hung-Lan Wu PhD RN Nursing Instructor Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan Deborah L. Volker PhD RN AOCN Associate Professor The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, Texas, USA W U H . L . & V O L K E R D . L . ( 2 0 0 9 ) The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Journal of Advanced Nursing 65(12), 2719–2732. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05157.x Abstract Title. The use of theory in qualitative approaches to research: application in end-of-life studies. Aim. This paper is a report of an analysis of the use of theory in qualitative approaches to research as exemplified in qualitative end-of-life studies. Background. Nurses researchers turn to theory to conceptualize research problems and guide investigations. However, researchers using qualitative approaches do not consistently articulate how theory has been applied, and no clear consensus exists regarding the appropriate application of theory in qualitative studies. A review of qualitative, end-of-life studies is used to illustrate application of theory to study design and findings. Data sources. A review of theoretical literature was carried out, focusing on definitions and use of theory in qualitative end-of-life studies...
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...Samantha Roberts Student Number: Word count: 1,289 There has been an ongoing paradigm debate between quantitative and qualitative research amongst social scientists for a number of years. Qualitative Research is a particularly new concept developed to obtain and analyse data however many researchers are yet to take a liking to this concept (Bryman, 1984). Qualitative research refers to studies that are conducted in natural settings and include participant observation, focus groups and in-depth interviews. (Whitley & Crawford, 2005). These techniques provide a strong insight into how participants view events and experiences to obtain a deeper meaning into the area being studied (Willig, 2001). Quantitative research focuses on the Scientific Method which is based on a series of steps that are followed systematically to acquire data such as experiments that are then analysed and presented into numerical form. This essay will examine both research paradigms while also determining the epistemological underpinnings that determines the methods used to collect and analyse data. Qualitative researchers are mainly concerned with the social world and the influence of events and experiences that has on an individual’s perspective of the world. These researchers are not concerned with answering a specific question, more so to develop a rich understanding of a certain topic mainly through the methods of in-depth interviews, participant observation and focus groups. In-depth interviews...
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