...Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Research Name University Affiliation Course Tutor Date Quantitative research is a logically observed examination of observable phenomena through the mathematical and statistical approach. The quantitative research goal is to formulate and employ mathematical theories, hypotheses and mathematical models relating to the phenomena. Quantitative research central process is measurement as it offers the essential linkage involving relationships. The research has data that is in numerical terms like percentages and statistics. The researcher evaluates the data with the aid of statistics hoping the number will yield an impartial outcome that can be used in generalizing a huge population (Patten, 2009). Quantitative research is applicable in the studies interested in establishing the impact of a hand-washing curriculum on grade school children. It applies to such example because quantitative research tests theory, its cause and the effect of the theory correlation. Quantitative research is an outstanding approach to finalizing outcomes and attesting an assumption. The method is standard across numerous scientific field and discipline because its structure has not changed. The approach leads to a comprehensive solution that can be discussed and published subsequent to a statistical examination of results. The design experiments filter out exterior factors when appropriately structured leading to acquiring...
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...errors in peoples recalling was not found even though the same kinds of errors remained. Validity: Methodological issues * Did not ask participants to be as accurate as possible * Didn’t care much about the environment in which the experiment was conducted Define qualitative and quantitative research, then compare and contrast them, strengths and limitations of qualitative research Quantitative: Explaining a phenomenon by collecting quantitative (numerical) data that are analysed using mathematically based methods such as statistics. Qualitative: Instead of testing, measuring, and experimenting, qualitative research aims at understanding the subject of study …the process of understanding a social or human phenomenon, based on methodological research traditions. Researchers aim at generating a complex, holistic view, at analysing and describing the standpoint of the subjects within a natural context. Quantitative; using numbers Qualitative; descriptions Strengths of Qualitative Research * Issues can be examined in detail and in depth. * Interviews are not restricted to specific questions and can be guided/redirected by the researcher in real time. * The research framework and direction can be quickly revised as new information emerges. * The data based on human experience that...
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...CHAPTER 1: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: ITS NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS THE NATURE OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Educational Research: 1. is empirical 2. takes a variety of forms 3. should be valid 4. should be reliable 5. should be systematic Empirical - knowledge derived from research is based on data collected by the researcher The Systematic Process of Research 1. Identify the problem (and relevant related knowledge) 2. Review the information (via literature search) 3. Collect data (in an organized and controlled manner) 4. Analyze data (in a manner appropriate to the problem) 5. Draw conclusions (make generalizations based on results of analysis) The Validity of Educational Research Quantitative Research: Internal Validity - the extent to which research results can be accurately interpreted. External Validity - the extent to which research results can be generalized to populations and conditions. Internal validity is generally prerequisite to external validity. Qualitative Research: Truth Value/ Credibility - accurate representation of information from the researcher’s perspective and substantiating evidence) Comparability - the extent to which the characteristics of the research are described so that other researchers may use the results to extend knowledge. Translatability - the extent to which adequate theoretical constructs and research procedures are used so that other researchers can understand the results. !...
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...search things out. " Qualitative research focuses on deeper issues and asked the questions of how, when and why people do things. Quantitative research behaves in a quantified since and assigns numerical values to responses and measure statics. With this said Proverbs, the bible verse, supports that research methods can be Godly. I interpret that verse as meaning that it is important to know and confirm in your mind that you know something, but it is better to research the topic in a biblical since rather thas a secular or worldly since. the glory of kings is researching and becomeing stronger on a topic. Pshycologists often study peoples behavior in how and why they do things. These psycologists can us Qualitative research to learn how to tell why people do the things they do. Statement 2 Romans 12:2 says,"Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God's will is--his good, pleasing and perfect will. In Quantitative research people study others behavior based on statics and numbers. Research methods can be ungodly because like the verse discribed, we are not suppost to conform to the patterns on this worl we live in. With quantitative reseach it is easy to follow the crowd and look at the statoics of what everyone else is going. The staticas give the answers to Peoples behaivio and that in my opinion is ungodly. What the majority does is not proper research on behavior.W e are too...
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...Section III. Choice of Research Method: Quantitative, Qualitative or Mixed? The selection of data analysis techniques to deal with research questions or hypotheses and the techniques chosen for the data collection is informed and guided by what we call the research method. Hence, research method is a procedure, and also the analytical techniques to be chosen and the methods to be chosen will also be dictated by the choices of the methodologies made and by the theoretical framework (Sumner and Tribe, 2008). Research methods for knowledge claim and strategies is of three types: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. In quantitative method, a positivist claims is used as a tool for the researcher to investigate primarily for knowledge....
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...rationale for qualitative research Qualitative strategies Types of qualitative methods 1 Qualitative sampling Quality control Week 3 2 Inductive view of relationship between theory and research o theories and concepts emerge from the data Emphasis on words/text rather than numbers Systematic exploration of social phenomenon Description and analysis of social situations A “holistic” understanding Flexible and iterative research method Exploring a problem Identifying perceptions of a problem Identifying relevant interventions Investigating feasibility, acceptability & appropriateness of solutions Developing suitable information, education & communication Complementing quantitative data by helping to interpret it Designing more valid survey instruments 3 4 Qualitative techniques not based on numbers Accrual of large amounts of information about a few cases (people, organisations, facilities, programmes, locations) Data used: when the focus of the research is on meaning and feelings (although these can also be studied quantitatively) when working inductively when the researcher accepts that the concepts, terms and issues must be defined by the subjects and not by the researcher in advance when interaction between members of a group is of interest. Research problem Concept Concept Concept 5 Inductively developed theory 6 1 4/02/2015 “Qualitative researchers...
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...International Security and Conflict Research Methods Assignment In the field of political and international relations studies, there are two broad types of research methods, which include and combine various research methods, based on its designs and core principles, and they are quantitative and qualitative research methods. Also, there is the third one, called experimental research method, which does not fit into qualitative and quantitative methods, but rather constitutes separate research design, although it might be based on qualitative and quantitative methods’ tools and theories. Quantitative research methods include many particular techniques and in general could be described as methods, which works with numbers and applies statistical analysis by using various mathematical operations with formulas and computer software. The usage of surveys and various types of databases are examples of quantitative methods. Scientists conduct surveys either in person, or through telephones, mail or internet to collect data concerning people’s opinion and attitudes about particular events in politics and international relations (Box-Steffensmeier, 2008, p. 9-10). Then, gathered information could be analyzed through the coding of data into numbers and application of tools of statistical analysis on them. Surveys allowed scientists to form databases from the collected data that made it possible to share databases with other scientists, especially with the emergence of internet, test...
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... we have to go through reasoning and research. Qualitative research in a complex analysis and is characterized by mathematical calculations but no experimentally. Quantitative research however is carried out experimentally and relies and builds on mathematical techniques such as quality, frequency and amount etc. Qualitative analysis provides more details and is more focused and deep process. Qualitative analysis put emphasis on how and what meaning is given to a certain situation. Qualitative approach is subjective and has understanding nature. In this type of research, the researcher has to engage more with the subject under consideration. This type of research is also referred to as interpretative research, understanding and gathering information and interpreting it with respect to daily life. Quantitative research method involves the mathematical parameters such as height, weight and other parameters which have numerical value. The emphasis of this type of research is on the comparison between different variable of the system. So it depends on mathematical techniques and procedures such as mean, median, frequency and other statistical procedures. According to Kotler et al “Marketing research is a process that identifies and defines marketing opportunities and problems, monitors and evaluates marketing actions and performance, and communicates the findings and implications to managements.” This means that marketing research is the collection, evaluation and recording...
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...There are three main types of research methodology: qualitative, quantitative and the mixed method approach. Qualitative research is collecting, interpreting and analysing data based on observing what people do or say. On the other hand, qualitative research refers to the meanings, definitions, metaphors, characteristics and description of things (Thomas, 2003). While, mixed research uses both qualitative and quantitative methods and blends the resulting data in certain ways (Jick, 1979). The design for this research is the use of a descriptive and interpretive focus group analyses through a mix method approach. The focus and purpose of the research is to analyze the usage of renewable energies throughout the Caribbean as an alternative energy...
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...Chapter 1 Summary Creswell (2013), in his book Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design begins the first chapter with an introduction to qualitative research and the purpose for writing the text. He states his primary purpose for writing the book is “to examine five different approaches to qualitative inquiry – narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case studies – and put them side-by-side so that we can see their differences” (p. 2). As a result, the text differs from other books on qualitative research, which normally begin with a single approach to qualitative inquiry. Creswell’s (2013) rationale for this is so reader can have a greater understanding of each of the approaches, how they apply to the research process, and the differences and similarities between each approach. This particular edition is the third edition of the text. As a result, Creswell (2013) made a number of changes from previous editions. For instance, the information on philosophical assumptions has been reworked in chapter two, and ethical dilemmas are in various phases of research are addressed in chapter three. Additionally, chapter four has a section added addressing the area of “defining characteristics” while chapter five had some changes in illustrations used (p. 3). Portions of the book were simplified, and the matter of technological advances in research have also been addressed. Lastly, thought provoking exercises where added at the end of each chapter, and references...
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...Management Group 1 Topic 2: International Business Research Peter Chege HD 333-1080/2015 Peninah Nyutu HD 333-1088/2015 Submitted to Dr. Oloko October 2015 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH What is international Business? * Is a business where transactions occur across the borders What is research? * Research - is a process of inquiring. It is a systematic search for information. It also means carrying out a diligent enquiry or critical examination of a given phenomena * Research remains the most efficient and reliable source of knowledge. What is International business research? * International business research has been described as the objective, systematic, testable process for obtaining knowledge about our world. * International market research is a particular discipline of Market research that focuses on marketing across the borders. It is mainly concerned with consumer goods, resources or services within a business value, which is commercially utilized and further processed. * International market research covers cross-country issues. * International business has existed as a distinct field and a unique discipline. * Research in international business shows a clear dichotomy between focus on activities that cross open national boundaries and activities that are aimed at surmounting the barriers imposed by Governments. Why conduct international business research? (a) Concept of learning organization * As the...
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...Since time immemorial, research has been part of human life. There have been several research methods that have been used in conducting different research projects. Due, to different aims and objectives various researchers pick on different research methods in doing research. This essay seeks to look at two major research methods namely quantitative research and qualitative research method. The purpose of this essay is to analyze four main differences between quantitative and qualitative research. Amongst the key points to be examined in this essay include the difference in the data format, difference in their analytical objectives and flexibility in their study design. To fully understand, the foregoing essay there is need to define the term Research. Leedy and Ormrod (2001), define research as the process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data in order to understand a phenomenon. Allaga and Gunderson (2000), defines Quantitative Research as explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analyzed using mathematically based (in particular statistics). Creswell (2002), posits that Quantitative research uses mathematical models as methodology of data analysis, he further asserts that if there are no numbers involved, then it’s not quantitative. Qualitative research is an unfolding model that occurs in the natural setting that enables the researcher to a level of detail from high involvement in the actual experiences, Creswell (2003). Bryman (2008) asserts...
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...and life sciences, a case study (or case report) is a descriptive, exploratory or explanatory analysis of a person, group or event. An explanatory case study is used to explore causation in order to find underlying principles.[1][2] Case studies may be prospective (in which criteria are established and cases fitting the criteria are included as they become available) or retrospective (in which criteria are established for selecting cases from historical records for inclusion in the study). Thomas[3] offers the following definition of case study: "Case studies are analyses of persons, events, decisions, periods, projects, policies, institutions, or other systems that are studied holistically by one or more methods. The case that is the subject of the inquiry will be an instance of a class of phenomena that provides an analytical frame — an object — within which the study is conducted and which the case illuminates and explicates." Another suggestion is that case study should be defined as a research strategy, an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context. Case study research can mean single and multiple case studies, can include quantitative evidence, relies on multiple sources of evidence, and benefits from the prior development of theoretical propositions. Case studies should not be confused with qualitative research and they can be based on any mix of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Single-subject research provides the statistical...
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...West Reflections Week Four Learning Team E The objectives for week four reflections are: Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative methods of research. Explain commonly used qualitative research designs and quantitative research designs. Select the appropriate type of research design in a given business situation. Team member Mandy discussed that qualitative research is a systematic subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning. This includes focus groups, in-depth interviews, and reviews of documents for types of themes. This most commonly used in Health Care. Quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process for obtaining the precise measurement of something. This includes surveys, structural interviews and observation, reviews of records or documents for numeric information. This is commonly used in Education research. If a clothing company sells blue jeans and they want to measure the impact of the company by changing the product from blue jeans to black jeans, this would be a causal research design. Further discussion within the subject by team member Joann consisted of the importance to understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods of research. In qualitative method of research is designed to know more about the subject’s feelings. This would be a type of research that could be used in determining how to motivate employees and increase production because it focus on information, such...
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...|RESEARCH PROPOSAL | |On | |CLOUD COMPUTING AND SECUTITY | |Submitted | |for Ph.D. Approval | | | | | |By Mr. MBANZABUGABO Jean Baptiste(BE,MSSE,MCA) | TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT..................................................................................................3 1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................4 1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY.................................................................................................. 5 2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES .......................................................................5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................................................6 3. METHODOLOGY...
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