...* Geographic factors of Bangladesh: The main geographic factors of Bangladesh are as follows – * Geographic location * Physiography * Climate * Forest * Rivers * Physiography of Bangladesh : The physiographic condition of a country influences the socio-economic and the political situation or development of a country. Physiography of Bangladesh also influences this country .A small portion of Bangladesh is high land. Major part of our country is plain land. Though there is no plateau in our country, there are a few traces in various regions of Bangladesh. * Physiography: On the basis of the land forms, the physiography of Bangladesh is divided into three parts. Such as- * Mountainous region of tertiary period. * Traces of Pleistocene period. * Alluvial floodplain. * Mountainous region of Bangladesh: Hills and mountainous land is the highest land of Bangladesh, It was raised during the tertiary age. It is situated in the Northeastern, Eastern and the Southeastern part of Bangladesh. The hills and the mountains in that period are considered as the same to the Himalaya and Arakan Yoma mountain, Because these were raised at the same period. According to the locational characteristics, these regions are classified into two groups. These are as follows- a) Northeastern Region and b) Southeastern Region. a) Northeastern region: The highlands in Sumangonj, Moulavibazar and the part of Netrokoana are under this...
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...Processing cement Mining and Quarrying The production of cement begins with the extraction of raw materials via mining and quarrying. Once a suitable large deposit has been found, the production of cement begins. Firstly the raw material, limestone, clay, iron ore, is blasted or drilled into depending on the depth of the deposit. The most central materials such as limestones will generally be mined on site and secondary materials will generally be mined on a nearby quarry. Whilst blasting any raw materials, site managers need to ensure that the best routine of blasting is practiced so that dust, vibration and noise pollution are kept to a minimum^(1). The blasted rocks will most often be of varying diameters and must be transported to a crushing plant. Crushing plants are set up close of the mining sites to reduce transportation costs and increase productivity and efficiency. Backhoe loading truck with blasted material ^(4) Crushing and Grinding The raw materials firstly go through a screening process which ensures only the required materials are crushed and no time and energy is wasted in processing waste constituents. Once the excessively large rocks are crushed into the desired size, the next step is...
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...Letter of Transmittal September 25, 2012 The Supervisor Roushan Ara Sultana Assistant Professor Faculty of Business Administration University of Science & Technology Chittagong (USTC) Subject: Submission of BBA Internship Report on “Analysis of the Cement Industries of Bangladesh in respect to Royal Cement Limited.” Dear Madam, It is indeed, a great pleasure for me to be able to submit my internship report on “Analysis of the Cement Industries of Bangladesh in respect to Royal Cement Limited” I expect this report to fulfill the requirements of my internship program (BBA) at Royal Cement Limited. I have given my best effort in preparing this report and top makes it a worthy one. In order to prepare this report I have gathered some practical knowledge about Royal Cement Limited, which will assist me to incorporate my professional life and will enrich my real of knowledge. My each aspect of the topic is tried to cover as required and as per direction. I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all the help that you extended throughout the writing of this report. I fervently hope that you will find this report worth reading. If you have any queries regarding this report, you are welcome to contact me. Sincerely Yours Pappu Kumar Banik Roll No: - 697, Reg. No: - 671 (BBA) 23rd Batch Faculty of Business Administration University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC) Page | 1 University of Science and Technology Chittagong Acknowledgements First of all,...
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...HISTOGRAMS OF ONE HUMAN & ONE NON-HUMAN RESOURCE Table of contents Topic Page number Human resource list 3 Non-human resource list 4 Duration and dependencies for one human resource and one equipment 6 Network diagram for one resource and one equipment 7 Gantt chart for Carpenter Activities 8 Human resource profile 9 Human resource profile leveling 10 Equipment resource profile 11 Equipment resource profile leveling 12 RESOURCES The following section comprises all the resources related to the project either directly or indirectly. They are further classified in tangible, intangible, human, or material resources. Table 1: Human Resource List No. | WBS | Task Name | Human Resource Names | 1 | 1 | Preconstruction Activities | Assistant Project Manager, Project Manager | 2 | 2 | Foundation | | 3 | 2.1 | Grading and site preparation | Surveyor, Project Manager, Assistant Project Manager | 4 | 2.2 | Excavation | Excavator, Assistant Project Manager, Site engineer | 5 | 2.3 | Steel erection and formwork | Assistant Project Manager, Site engineer, Concretor, Carpenter | 6 | 2.4 | Concreting | Concretor, Project Manager, Assistant Project Manager, Site engineer | 7 | 2.5 | Filling | Assistant Project Manager, Excavator, Site engineer | 8...
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...Management Information Systems and Concepts CASE ANALYSIS Cemex: Incorporating IT into a Cement Company’s Strategy Founded in 1906, Cemex is one of Mexico’s few truly multinational companies. It is the largest cement company in the Americas and one of the three largest cement companies in the world, with revenues of $3.7 billion and close to 51 million metric tons of production. Cemex and its subsidiaries engage in the production, distribution, marketing, and sale of cement, ready-mix concrete, and related materials. Its strategy includes focusing on cement and concrete products, diversifying globally to cushion against volatility in local markets, developing efficient production and distribution processes, using IT to increase flexibility, improve customer satisfaction, and reduce bureaucracy and excess staffing, and providing training and education for employees. Its state-of-the-art Tepeaca facility supplies one fifth of the Mexican market and may be the lowest-cost cement producer in the world, with operating costs of $25 per ton, roughly $10 lower than the industry average, and emissions far lower than legal requirements. In 1992 Cemex purchased Spain’s two largest cement companies, reviewed their operations thoroughly, invested in facilities, and reduced the workforce dramatically, such as by consolidating 19 offices into one. With continued diversification in the 1990s, Cemex has operations in 22 countries. It is also Latin America’s...
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...Strengthening Concrete with Keratin Fibers from Chicken Feathers Austin Allen Kennesaw Mountain High School Table of Contents Research Problem 3 Chapter II: Literature Review 4 Keratin Fibers 4 Concrete 4 Compressive Strength 5 Tensile Strength 5 Chicken Feathers 5 Structure 6 Glossary 6 Chapter III: Methodology 6 Analysis Plan 7 Validity 7 Assumptions 7 Scope and Limitations 8 Chapter IV: Analysis 8 Chapter V: Conclusions and Recommendations 9 References 10 Strengthening Concrete with Keratin Fibers from Chicken Feathers Chicken feathers are primarily used for making feather meal for farm animals; however, chicken feathers are also used in the production of plastics, fishing flies, biodegradable pots and plastics, bio-diesel fuel, hurricane-resistant roofing, and the stuffing in pillows (Fan, 2008). Applying these uses of chicken feathers to concrete could increase the strength and life of the structure built; for example, an office building could potentially last years longer if the concrete used to construct it (contained more strength) to hold up the structure. Furthermore, the wear and tear of the strength of the building would be approximately the same; however, the capacity to support the structure would be greater due to an increased initial strength (Fan, 2008). Worrell, Price, Martin, Hendricks, and Meida (2001) reported that approximately five percent of the global carbon dioxide emissions come from the pouring of Portland...
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...100 years of Strength. Performance. Passion. Corporate Sustainable Development Report 2011 20 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 37 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 54 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 71 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 88 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Holcim’s original cement plant in Holderbank in the Swiss canton of Aargau. 100 The new Ste. Genevieve plant of Holcim US in Missouri. Contents Introduction Performance against targets Chairman’s statement CEO interview Vision and strategy Q “Delivering value to your stakeholders is part of your mission. How do you achieve results while operating with sustainability and integrity? Are incentives for sustainable practices integrated into performance compensation plans?” SD challenges Sustainable solutions and construction Q “What is Holcim’s contribution to improve efficiencies in the building materials industry?” Energy and climate Q “Holcim appears to be ahead of its competitors with regards to its level of carbon emissions. How does Holcim plan to further reduce its CO2 footprint, while providing the construction materials for the schools, hospitals, homes and infrastructure the world needs?” Biodiversity and water Q “Reducing energy use will in turn reduce CO2 emissions and water consumption. How can Holcim ensure that the overall synergies between energy, climate, biodiversity and water are taken into consideration?”...
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...The Issue of the Urban Heat Island For the first time in 2008 the human population was split evenly between urban and non-urban areas (Population Reference Bureau). Now, three years later, with greater than 50 percent of people live in urban areas, a large proportion of the human population is at risk of danger from urban climate stress. Urban areas drastically alter the natural landscape of the environments they replace and along with that, feed back loops that maintain local climate and ecosystems. The common identifiers of urban and suburban areas such as large buildings, blacktop surfaces, and roof tops not only directly affect the surfaces they replaced and the ecosystems the land supported, but also the stable climate that the land supported. Natural surfaces such as meadows and forests help to maintain local climates by performing multiple environmental services. When replaced by ubiquitous urban surfaces such as vast blacktop parking lots and roads the local evapotranspiration and albedo are reduced and heat-trapping environments are created (Buyantuyev and Jianguo, 2010). The high concentration of impervious low albedo surfaces in urban areas means that heat is more concentrated in those areas compared to their surrounding natural land. This phenomenon occurs in many urban settings and is known as the Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Since the Chinese government began its reform process in 1978, Shanghai, China has been constantly expanding and urbanizing...
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...In Synaxis Ready Mix, the entire organization is divided into functional departments as shown in the above chart, to deal with the problems of business at various levels. Functional authority remains confined to functional guidance to different departments. This helps in maintain quality and uniformity of performance of different functions throughout the enterprise. Features * The entire organizational activities are divided into specifications such as Sales, Production, IT, Finance & Administration, etc as shown in above chart. * Complex form of administrative organization * Three authorities exist- Line, Staff and Function * Each functional area is put under the charge of functional specialists and he has got the authority to give all decisions regarding whenever the function is performed throughout the enterprise. * Better division of labour takes place which results in specialization of function and its consequent benefit. * Management control is simplified as the mental functions are separated from manual functions. Checks and balances keep the authority within certain limits. Specialists may be asked to judge the performance of various sections. * Greater efficiency is achieved because of every function performing a limited number of functions. * Specialization compiled with standardization facilitates maximum production and economical costs. * Expert knowledge of functional manager facilitates better control and supervision. ...
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...companies, which operate in various industry sectors through subsidiaries, joint ventures, etc. These are Hindalco, Grasim, Aditya Birla Nuvo, and UltraTech Cement. The Groups cement business was earlier under both Grasim industries and UltraTech cement. The two entities are now merged into UltraTech cement to form India s largest cement company. UltraTech cement was originally the cement business of L&T which was acquired by Aditya Birla Group in 2004. UltraTech Cement Limited is among the world’s top 10 cement companies. The company has an annual capacity of 48.8 million tonnes, and manufactures and markets ordinary portland cement, portland blast furnace slag cement and portland pozzalana cement. It also manufactures ready mix concrete. The company has eleven integrated plants, one white cement plant, twelve grinding units and five terminals — four in India and one in Sri Lanka. UltraTech Cement is the country’s largest exporter of cement clinker. The export markets span countries around the Indian Ocean, Africa, Europe and the Middle East. The company's subsidiaries are Dakshin Cements Limited, Harish Cements Limited, UltraTech Ceylinco (P) Limited and UltraTech Cement Middle East Investments Limited. POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT The price of cement is primarily controlled by the coal rates, power tariffs, railway tariffs, freight, royalty and on limestone. Interestingly, government controls all of these prices. Government...
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...Dote ond Time: lnslilute of Susloinqble Developmenl qnd Archileclure Assignmenl Cover Sheet This form rs fo be offoched to lhe front of all ossignmenfs, projecls, homework ond ony ofher ossessmenf ploced in lhe ossignmenf box. AII oreos below should be compleled lo ensure proficient processlng e.g. full nome of lecturer, your sludenl ID number, nqmel suby'ecf & subjecf code efc. lf ony of fhese oreos ore nol comoleled (with lhe exceplion of on individuol's name - see below) vour ossionmeni will nol be @P,RN'?R''Y processed. xFor individual assignments, Student name can be omitted if desired. However, group assignments must show all student ID numbers and names. SUBJECT: 5 L,i J) ] tlTqTl UxmsiKrrt"nlr\ l'J G Brti-tiltr.JSS DATE: SEMESTER: LECTURER: 5t.ll .l r Hal- J DECLARATION: "l hereby declore thot I hove reod ond understood the University Regulotions cheoting ond thot the work submitted by me/us does not breoch these regulo I \ )l s- ) L) & -L NAME: Naur: NAME: S8 tgt t , /G ^l,rsat'rrl t 'TGNATURE: srD: StGNerunr: SID: SrGN,crunr: SID: Naue: SIGNATURE: SID: NAME: SrGNerunr: NAME: SIGNATIJRE: Assignments will be collected everydoy of 4p.m. Any ossignmenfs submdfed offer fhe qllolled iime, rrespecfive of dqfe qnd lime sfomp, will be re-dofed qnd re-timed fo fhe following doy. Sfudenfs should ensure fhe Assessmenf Regulofions in ihe Bond Universily Hondbook reloling lo Plogiorism...
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...Portland CEMENT Portland cement is composed of a combination of limestone and either shale, clay, sand, or iron. These materials are ground and blended together and heated in a kiln from 2600o F to3000o F. This causes the materials to fuse together to create clinker. Cooled clinker is then ground with gypsum (CaSO4*2H20). The addition of gypsum controls the aluminate chemistry and the setting time of cement concrete. Portland cement reacts with water to form a paste that binds the aggregate particles together to form concrete. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of grade 53 is used in the project. The cement...
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...CFD Analysis of two pass Double Pipe Heat Exchanger with Fe3O4/water Nano fluid Dissertation submitted In partial fulfilment of requirement For the award of degree of Master of Technology in Thermal Engineering by Ponnada Prasanthkumar 13131D2102 Under the Guidance of Sri B. Ajit Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS) (Affiliated to J.N.T. University, Kakinada) VISHAKHAPATNAM - 530048 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project titled CFD Analysis of Double Pipe two pass Heat Exchanger with Fe3O4/water Nano fluid is a bonafide record of the work done by Ponnada Prasanthkumar (13131D2102) In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Technology in Thermal Engineering of the Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering (Autonomous) affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada during the year 2015. PROJECT SUPERVISOR EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT Sri. B. Ajit Assistant Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, GVPCOE (A) Dr. P. Bhramara Associate Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, JNTU Hyderabad Dr. B. Govinda Rao Professor &Head of Department Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, GVPCOE (A) Project Viva - voce held on _____________. External Examiner Acknowledgements This project symbolizes the theoretical and practical application...
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...Jean-Jacque Gelbart, The next breakthrough in the fields of structural engineering and architecture was the discovery of concrete, opus caemeticium, in 25 BCE. Builders who used pozzolana, a volcanic sand found near Naples, realized that their mortar was much stronger, more durable, and was able to set underwater (Ambler, n.d.). At first they used the concrete to fill walls, packing it in around fillers and facing the walls with non-structural bricks (Shaeffer, 1992). The progression of innovation led from the true arch to vaults, barrel vaults were structurally a series of vaults lined-up. Groin vaults are an intersection of barrel vaults joining at ninety degree angles. The structural and aesthetic improvements brought on by experimentation culminated in the creation of one of the most fascinating structures of all time. Roman architectural focus turned towards the interior and the achievement of the dome with the vast space it...
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... Relationship between Kmax and σf Kannan et al. [23] had examined the applicability of a modified two-parameter fracture criterion MTPFC which introduced by Christopher et al. [24, 25] while assessing the fracture strength of structure components. They utilized a relation between the stress intensity factor (Kmax) and the corresponding stress at failure (σf) as (2) where σf is the hoop stress at the failure pressure of the flawed pipe. σu is the hoop stress at the failure pressure of the unflawed pipe. KF, m and p are fracture parameters. The failure stress, σf of a pipe decreases with increasing crack size. If σf is less than the yield strength (σys) of the material, then there exists a linear relationship between σf and Kmax. For small sizes of cracks where σf is more than σys and less than σu, the relationship between σf and Kmax is expected to be non-linear. The idea of expressing Kmax as a function of σf in Eq. 2 is mainly for estimation of failure strength of a cracked body whether it contains through-thickness or part-through cracks which are small or large in size. In the absence of cracks, σf is equal to σu and Kmax= 0. The exponential form of the third term in Eq. 2 represents the nonlinear variation of Kmax with σf, when σf is more than σys. The fracture parameter can be determine from the test data of cracked configurations. KF has the units of the fracture toughness...
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