...For this assessment I have been required to compare English with another language. I have decided to choose Mandarin as my language of choice. A major elements of languages will be compared in this essay. That being phonology. Phonology is defined as being “the study of the way speech sounds form patterns”.(Victoria Fromkin 2009). As (Hammond 1999) describes, every spoken language has a unique system whereby sounds are organised. This unique pattern of pattern can be termed phonology and varies widely in geographical and social differences. English is the most widely spoken language in the world with up to a total of up to 1.8 billion speakers in the world.(Lewis 2009) It is generally regarded as being the international language or lingua-franca of the world. English is the official language for Australia, New Zealand, England, America and Canada. It is also the joint or semi-official language for many other countries. Each of these countries English differs slightly in phonology and there even exists regional differences inside these countries but in this essay Australian English will be used as the standard. Australian English consists of 24 consonants and 20 vowels, 12 being monophthongs and 8 being diphthongs. Below are charts with the list of consonants and vowels. (http://elc.polyu.edu.hk/CILL/ipa.htm) All these sounds...
Words: 1581 - Pages: 7
...A Sketch of the Mandarin Language: Morphology and Syntax Introduction China has always been a land of many languages and dialects. The Mandarin language, however, emerged as the language of the ruling class during the latter part of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), and is now the most widely-spoken language in the world. In the 200 census, China had a population of 840 million people, and 70% of that population spoke mandarin as their mother tongue. (Lewis, 2012) The Mandarin language is part of the Sino-Tibetan language group. All Chinese languages tonal, which means that the way words are pronounced varies their meanings. The mandarin language itself only has 4 different tones, whereas the other Chinese languages can have up to 10 distinct tones. (Krysstal) To learn about the morphology and syntax structure of the mandarin language, our field project group had contacted our consultant, Amy Zhou. She is 21 years old and was born in Hong Kong, China. She had moved to San Francisco, California with her family when she was 10 years old and came to school here in Hawaii for college in 2010. She is fluent in both Mandarin and Cantonese. She is fluent in English as well, but prefers to speak in her native tongue. Morphology From the data we had gathered from our meetings with the consultant, our group concluded that the Mandarin language is a polysynthetic language and that the mandarin sentence structure is quite similar to the English language. The reason we came to...
Words: 1428 - Pages: 6
...Mandarins: What uses has this fruit? Mandarins are a real convenience food, great for school lunches, snacks and picnics. They are easier to peel than oranges and their segments separate easily. Just spit the pips out or remove before using segments in fruit salads, muffins, cheesecakes, ice cream, savoury salads or with meat. Mandarin (citrus reticulata) is native to China; the fruit of the Mandarin tree was a traditional gift offered to the Mandarins, hence the origin of its European name. The names Mandarin and Tangerine are both commonly used to describe the same essential oil; Mandarin is the common name used in Europe whereas Tangerine is the name used in America. However, although the same species with the same botanical name, botanically the actual fruit of the tree has very subtle differences in color, shape and size. Tangerines are generally cultivated in the U.S. whereas Mandarins are generally cultivated elsewhere. Mandarin has been used in ancient China for centuries; the Chinese believed that Mandarin strengthened both the digestive and liver functions. In France, Mandarin is used as a safe remedy for children in indigestion, hiccups and for problems of the elderly, such as digestive problems; Mandarin is considered to be a very gentle and safe essential oil, when used correctly. This saffron colored oil has a tangy and sweet aroma, and is used in cosmetics, skin care products, and in food products. This oil is often used in creams and body toning lotions to...
Words: 1564 - Pages: 7
...Singapore, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, the United States, Canada, Indonesia, and other places with significant overseas Chinese communities Ethnicity Han Chinese Native speakers unknown (1.2 billion cited 1984–2001)[1] Language family Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Standard forms Putonghua (Standard Mandarin) Dialects Mandarin Jin Wu (incl. Shanghainese) Huizhou Gan Xiang Min (incl. Amoy, Teochew, Hoochew) Hakka Yue (incl. Cantonese, Taishanese) Ping Writing system Chinese characters, zhuyin fuhao, Latin, Arabic, Cyrillic, braille. Ancient use of 'Phags-pa script. Official status Official language in China Hong Kong Macau Taiwan Singapore Burma Wa State, Burma United Nations Recognised minority language in Canada Malaysia United States Regulated by China National Commission on Language and Script Work[2] Taiwan National Languages Committee Singapore Promote Mandarin Council Malaysia Chinese Language Standardisation Council Language codes ISO 639-1 zh ISO 639-2 chi (B) zho (T) ISO 639-3 zho – inclusive code Individual codes: cdo – Min Dong cjy – Jinyu cmn – Mandarin cpx – Pu Xian czh – Huizhou czo – Min Zhong gan – Gan hak – Hakka hsn – Xiang mnp – Min Bei nan – Min Nan wuu – Wu yue – Yue och – Old Chinese ltc – Late Middle Chinese lzh – Classical Chinese Glottolog sini1245 Linguasphere 79-AAA {{{mapalt}}} Map of the Sinophone world Legend: Countries identified Chinese...
Words: 716 - Pages: 3
...time set at 18:00 for some of the interviewees and 20:30 for one working interviewee so that it is convenient for him as he is working in the daytime. The interviewees were Josephine Tang, Matthew Chen, Michael Lee. Josephine Tang is my childhood friend whom has agreed to be one of my interviewees. Matthew Chen is my cousin from my mother’s side while Michael Lee is my mother’s co-worker. In-Depth Interview Question 1 Have you ever heard about the “IBON” machine? After asking all three interviewees on the first question, two out of three of them, Josephine and Matthew both have heard of the “IBON” machine before and out of the two, Josephine had even used it during her vacation to Taiwan and she excitedly responded on how brilliant the “IBON” machine was. Michael responded that he have never heard anything about the “IBON” machine prior to conducting this interview with him. Question 2 (Word Association) What comes to your mind that is related to “IBON” machine, when the following words show? “Holiday”, “Overseas”, “Convenient” Upon asking the second question, only one of the interviewee, Josephine was able to relate “IBON” along with “Holiday”, “Overseas”, and “Convenient” as she used the “IBON” machine to create a card by transferring a certain amount of cash into the “IBON” and in returns the “IBON” reloads the card with that amount of cash that was transferred. Josephine also stated that this was very convenient for overseas travelling as you don’t have to bring...
Words: 2005 - Pages: 9
...only Spanish exporters of mandarin oranges shipped a cargo of them in the defendants’ vessel in reliance on an oral promise by the shipowners’ agent, made on or about November 20, 1947, that the vessel would go straight to London. It is therefore was assumed by the shippers that vessel will arrive at London before 30 November 1947. After loading the plaintiffs’ cargo, the shipowners’ agent issued to the shippers a bill of lading containing the following terms among others: "Received for shipment in apparent good order and condition ... in and upon the steamship called the Ardennes or upon any other steamship substituted or following with liberty to call any port or ports for the purpose of receiving and delivering coals, cargo or passengers or for any other purpose whatsoever ... and bound for London the undernoted goods said to be three thousand cases of mandarin oranges, 90,000 kgs.… 2. The owners are to be at liberty to carry the said goods to their port of destination by the above or other steamer or steamers, ship or ships, or railway ... proceeding by any route and whether directly or indirectly to such port, and in doing so to carry the goods beyond their port of destination, and so tranship or land and store the goods either on shore or afloat and reship and forward the same at the owners’ expense but at merchant’s risk …". Instead of sailing direct to London, the vessel went first to Antwerp, where 374 cases of the plaintiffs’ mandarins were unloaded and left behind...
Words: 967 - Pages: 4
...favored by most of the students in PLP; The Making of PLP Official Website which has a vital role because it is the main source of information about our university ; Implementation of Public Address System which involve installation of speakers along the corridors and in each classroom that are used in announcing important events and for emergency purposes; Online Accounting Library for those students that is having difficulties in understanding the principles of accounting; Additional and updated accounting books in the library because accounting principles are dynamic specifically taxation which are being revised yearly. And last we also recommend additional language subject in learning mandarin for all the CBA students because there are many advantages once you have learned Chinese mandarin aside from being a multilingual person. Knowing...
Words: 4859 - Pages: 20
...relaxing at home watching television when I suddenly heard someone calling my name “Seik Yee, help me! Help me please!” I turn my face to the person who calling me, I was so astonishment! I saw my friend Jack. “Jack! Are you okay? What happened to you?” I asked. He stared at me blankly and started speaking in Mandarin! His Mandarin was very good as my Malay, which was zilch. I spoke some Mandarin. “Wo hen xin ku, jiu wo” he kept on repeating. “Fang wo zou, Fang wo zou” he said. This translated to “I’m suffering, please help me. Let me go. Let me go.” We usually conversed in English and his behaviour was strange and I was confused and worried. Jack’s face was drenched in perspiration and he was getting increasingly agitated. I was sure that he wasn’t having a heart attack though. I had seen the movie ‘The Exorcist’ before and his demeanour reminded me of one possessed, just like the movie. Suddenly, someone rushed to my side and a crowd had gathered. Jack’s eyes were expressionless and he didn’t recognise me although it was impossible for him not to notice me. He continued talking aloud but now I couldn’t understand what he was saying at all. It seemed to be heavily-accented Mandarin and Chinese dialect of some sort I couldn’t identify. The person who rushed to my side just now suggested he had suffered a heart stroke and a few people helped move him into shaded area. He was almost delirious by then. Suddenly, a group of monks nearby came over to see what the commotion was about. The...
Words: 530 - Pages: 3
...leader and may find leaders dominating. The fact that a leader is not always required proves that leadership is just an asset and is not essential. Managers and leaders have differences in perspectives, thus the way they see things. Managers think incrementally, whilst leaders think radically. "Managers do things right, while leaders do the right thing.". This means that managers do things by the book and follow company policy, while leaders follow their own intuition, which may in turn be of more benefit to the company. A leader is more emotional than a manager. "Men are governed by their emotions rather than their intelligence". This quotation illustrates why teams choose to follow leaders. "Leaders stand out by being different. They question assumption and are suspicious of tradition. They seek out the truth...
Words: 773 - Pages: 4
...language is a nice-to-have rather than a must-have asset”. What he is pointing out here is that, the population is deceived to think that to know another language is not a must-have, but a nice-to-know thing, which is a real problem. In text 3 we see Susan Purcell explain what she thinks of foreign languages being taught in English schools. She points out that in EU, it’s mandatory to learn English, but what about Britain, which foreign language should they put their focus on. In Britain their constantly told that they’re hopeless with foreign languages, but actually they’re not, which Susan Purcell states on page 5 line 77-83. “Nineteen European union languages in total are taught somewhere in England and Wales, and that does not include Mandarin, Japanese, Arabic, Russian or Urdu, which are not EU languages but which are taught in many British Schools.” She says that despite the stereotype put on Britain, it’s absolutely not like that. Britain offers multiple foreign languages, even several that are not from countries within EU. In the first text we see Will Hutton explicitly explain that foreign languages are a crucial variable in the future, and more specifically, the future economy for the UK, and generally a must-have for the upcoming...
Words: 513 - Pages: 3
...Cultures Tutorial activity 1: Ongoing Semester Case Study – Businessville Hotel. The Beijing Businessville Hotel has recruited a large number of Chinese staff for all its departments. Staff come from all over China which means that they come from many different regional backgrounds and speak different languages. While most speak East Mandarin, others speak Jin, West Mandarin, Xinan, Hokkien, Hakka, Cantonese and Jianghuai. Other staff speak Thai, Filipino, Japanese, English and Arabic. Consider the following questions as a focus of class discussion. Prepare your ideas before class. 1. What training would you suggest to develop staff language skills? • Provide staff with language skills seminars 2. How would you suggest dealing with guests who speak unknown languages? • Use technology and gestures and try to understand what they say with use of technology eg, use a language translator to understand. Tutorial activity 3: Facilitation Case Study. Consider the case study ‘Elizabeth visits GPC’s French Subsidiary’ on page 160-161 of your textbook and prepare discussion points for the four questions at the end. 1. First and foremost, Elizabeth Moreno will need to research the French culture a little more. It is important for Elizabeth to not do anything that may disrespect or belittle any of the management staff as her kinesic behavior can put her in this position. As per this case, French managers are suspicious of most technical...
Words: 609 - Pages: 3
...For a long time, the question that whether language might mould the way of human thought or not was considered at a scientific angle. through a lot of experiments and researches which was done by the professional experts came from many aspects such as : philosophy , psychology , anthropology , linguist... and a lot of essential information was collected from all over the world included: China, Greece, Aboriginal Australia, Russia... In the end, the experts has found out some reliable evidences to answer this ancient question is whether people who speak different languages do indeed think differently or not and that even fundamentally change how we see the world. First of all, the research of Mrs. Boroditsky figured out that the simple observation that languages differ from one another. For example: “Wilson read the book of Robert Allen”, in English, in order to understand and speak in a right way the speaker has to concentrate on the verb “read”, therefore, in this case the speakers must pronounce something like “red” to emphasize this action happened in the past. In Russian people would have to alter the verb to indicate tense and gender. So if the subject was Blair who did the reading, the verb would be used somehow different from the verb which had the subject was Louis. In Russian the speakers also have to include in the verb information about completion. If Louis read only part of the book, then the verb should be used will have a different form than if Louis had diligently...
Words: 762 - Pages: 4
...Racial Harmony in Singapore Name: Lerong Ke Due Date: 12/02/11 Instructor's Name: Trang Cao Course Code: SSEASN R5A "I think the Muslims socially do not cause any trouble, but they are distinct and separate." This quote, found in the latest publication Hard Truths to Keep Singapore Going, by ex-Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew sent shock waves throughout the society. Lee called for Muslims to be less strict on Islamic observances, which enraged the Muslims, who feel that they have already compromised on many grounds, an example being the illegality of the practice of polygamy in Singapore’s constitution, a practice allowed in Islamic Law[1] Singapore's society is primarily made up of four different races: Chinese (74% of the population), Malays (13% of the population), Indians (9.2% of the population), and Eurasian (3.8% of the population)[2], and as acknowledged by Githu Muigai, UN Special Rapporteur on Contemporary Forms of Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance during his visit to Singapore from 21st to 28th April 2010[3], has always been thought to be in a unique social state of racial harmony, Ever since the 1964 Sino-Malay riots and the 1969 racial riots, Singapore has not seen any significant violence between the various ethnic groups. However, while it might look as though Singaporeans live in harmony, inherent differences exist and a certain degree of racial discrimination remains prevalent. Despite the...
Words: 2824 - Pages: 12
...RESEARCH PLAN: The question addressed in my research paper is whether the syntactic structure of the first language (L1) influences the syntactic structure of the second language (L2) acquired. I claim that L2’s syntactic structure is constructed depends on L1’s syntactic structure. I will support my claim by looking at three dissertations where the writers believe that L1’s syntactic structure has effects on L2’s syntactic structure. The first dissertation is about four experiments done with three groups of people with three different first languages (Japanese, Mandarin, Korean), and concludes that the syntactic structure is shared between L1 and L2 even though the word orders are different for languages (Kim, 2010). The second dissertation is focusing on the syntactic persistency between English and Korean, and concludes that there are syntactic priming effects between these two languages (Park, 2007). The third one is an investigation into the patterns and errors in English writing where English is the second language (Kosterina, 2007). I will use these three sources to argue and conclude that L2’s syntactic structure is dependent on L1’s syntactic structure. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY: Kim, Sunfa. (2010). Syntactic representations of English in second language learners: An investigation of the process of English sentence production by bilingual speakers using a within-language (L2) structural priming paradigm. (State University of New York at Buffalo). ProQuest Dissertations...
Words: 512 - Pages: 3
...the matrix divides the business units or products into four categories, including: Stars: The business units or products that have the best market shares and generate the most cash are considered stars. However, because of their high growth rate, stars also consume large amounts cash. This generally results in the same amount of money coming in that is going out. Stars can eventually become cash cows if they sustain their success until a time that the market growth rate declines. Cash cows: Cash cows are the leader in the marketplace and generate more cash than they consume. These are business units or products that have a high market share, but a low growth prospects. According to NetMBA, cash cows provide the cash required to turn question marks into market leaders, to cover the administrative costs of the company, to fund research and development, to service the corporate debt, and to pay dividends to shareholders. Dogs: Business units or products that are dogs are those have both a low market share and low growth rate. They don't earn a lot of cash, nor do they consume a lot. Most likely these aspects of a business are making little, if any money. Dogs are generally considered cash traps...
Words: 1124 - Pages: 5
