...virtual design is made in a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file using a 3D modeling program (for the creation of a totally new object) or with the use of a 3D scanner (to copy an existing object). A 3D scanner makes a 3D digital copy of an object. 3d scanners use different technologies to generate a 3d model such as time-of-flight, structured / modulated light, volumetric scanning and many more. Recently, many IT companies like Microsoft and Google enabled their hardware to perform 3d scanning, a great example is Microsoft’s Kinect. This is a clear sign that future hand-held devices like smartphones will have integrated 3d scanners. Digitizing real objects into 3d models will become as easy as taking a picture. Prices of 3d scanners range from very expensive professional industrial devices to 30 USD DIY devices anyone can make at home. Processes and technologies Not all 3D printers use the same technology. There are several ways to print and all those available are additive, differing mainly in the way layers are build to create the final object. Some methods use melting or softening material to produce the layers. Selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) are the most common technologies using this way of printing. Another method of printing is when we talk about curing a photo-reactive resin with a UV...
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...dimensional printing as technique of traditional machining that greatly relies on material removal through use of methods such as drilling and cutting which is part of the subtractive procedure. I) History of 3D printing technology The historical development and context of 3D printing technology Three dimensional printing has existed for over thirty years, long before it was popularized. From the 1980s this technology utilized the inclusion of a layer fused in powdered material with the combination of a laser as well as dispersion of plastic that was melted through a nozzle system and resin that was photo-cursed. Nonetheless, three dimensional printers remained expense ice and where characterized as being sluggish with inefficiencies as the industry redeveloped at a slow pace during that era (Lanzetta & Sachs, 2003). The rapid popularization and growth of three dimensional printing begun only after the start of the twenty first century as several obstacles were broken which reduce the varied barriers that made the technology accessible and available to potential customers and users alike. Today accessing or purchasing a three dimensional printer is easy in addition to being utilized for varying purposes. The widespread possibilities of the private utilization of this technology have created a...
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...Nannan GUO, Ming C. LEU Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs © Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been researched and developed for more than 20 years. Rather than removing materials, AM processes make three-dimensional parts directly from CAD models by adding materials layer by layer, offering the beneficial ability to build parts with geometric and material complexities that could not be produced by subtractive manufacturing processes. Through intensive research over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative AM processes, as well as numerous practical applications in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy and other fields. This paper reviews the main processes, materials and applications of the current AM technology and presents future research needs for this technology. Keywords additive manufacturing (AM), AM processes, AM materials, AM applications 1 Introduction The ASTM F42 Technical Committee defines additive manufacturing (AM) as the “process of joining materials to make objects from three-dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies” [1]. It is also known as additive fabrication, additive processes, direct digital manufacturing, rapid prototyping, rapid manufacturing, layer manufacturing and solid freeform...
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...AC 2012-3052: PREPARING TO USE RAPID PROTOTYPING: LESSONS LEARNED FROM DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING PROJECTS Dr. Hung-da Wan, University of Texas, San Antonio Hung-da Wan is an Assistant Professor of the Mechanical Engineering Department and the Director of Machine Shop of College of Engineering at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). He has been teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in the areas of computer integrated manufacturing systems, Six Sigma and lean methodologies, and manufacturing systems engineering. He also manages two rapid prototyping systems at UTSA. His current research interests include sustainability of manufacturing systems and web-based applications in manufacturing. Mr. Firasath Ahmed Syed, University of Texas, San Antonio Syed Firasath Ahmed is a master’s student in advanced manufacturing and enterprise engineering at the University of Texas, San Antonio. He is a Graduate Research Assistant and helps with 3D Printing needs that arise in the Mechanical Engineering Department. He has experience in working with two rapid prototyping machines present in the university namely ”dimension SST 1200es” and ”Z Printer ZP450.” He received his B.S. degree from Osmania University, India, in 2010. His research interests include rapid prototyping, manufacturing engineering, system simulation, and lean systems. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Preparing to Use Rapid Prototyping: Lessons Learned from Design and Manufacturing...
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...transfer it and so much other stuff just with the click of a mouse. Customizing your AutoCAD eliminates The tasks that you would have to do over and over.(Make AutoCAD work for you by using custom programming to automate many repetitive tasks). AutoCAD (reduces the purchase, deployment and support costs with one complete solution) That put into more words means that without AutoCAD you would have to go to use many applications to do what AutoCAD does. An example of an application that you would need others is Revit. Revit only works with 3D images but AutoCAD works with both 2D and 3D images. (The main benefits of using 3D CAD models and rapid prototyping technologies include: reducing time to market, generating bottom-line savings, Enhancing communication and collaboration Etc). Many different fields use Auto Cad for rapid prototyping including engineers because it can highlight there products strengths and weaknesses, estimate there costs and test them in the field. AutoCAD reduces coordination errors. If you have PDM you can store, transfer, import Etc more quickly to anywhere in the organization. Know all the teams it takes to make a new product works at the simultaneously instead...
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...SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT, MANIPAL IT SKILLS FOR MANAGERS REPORT ON 3D PRINTING Presented by: Group 6 (Section B): Gautham Shetty (141202095) Kruthika S.L. (141202096) Rikith Soans (141202097) Sughosh R. Iyengar (141202098) Brajesh Kumar Pandey (141202099) INDEX Content Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. History 4 3. The Evolution of 3D Printing 5 4. How the 3D Printing Works 6 5. General Principles of 3D Printing 7 6. Methods & Techniques 8 Selective Laser Sintering 8 Stereolithography 9 Fused Deposition Modelling 10 Laminated Object Manufacturing 11 7. Applications 12 8. Industrial & Personal Printing 13 9. The Cost of 3D Printers 14 10. Future 15 11. Effects of 3D Printing 16 12. Challenges 17 13. Conclusion 18 14. References 19 INTRODUCTION 3D printing is one of the emerging trends in the IT sector which has gained importance. Now a days, in the 21st century we can see that IT sectors plays a major role in development of all sectors. It has become the integral part of our life. IT has acted as a change agent in the present day scenario which has and will keep on bringing big changes in everyday life and 3D printers are one among the changes brought down from the IT sector...
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...MICRO-STEREOLITHOGRAPHY Authors : Ruchita Kulkarni, Kedar Malusare _____________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rapid prototyping Rapid Prototyping (RP) can be defined as a group of techniques used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a part or assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) data. What is commonly considered to be the first RP technique, Stereolithography, was developed by 3D Systems of Valencia, CA, USA. The company was founded in 1986, and since then, a number of different RP techniques have become available. Rapid Prototyping has also been referred to as solid free-form manufacturing; computer automated manufacturing, and layered manufacturing. RP has obvious use as a vehicle for visualization. In addition, RP models can be used for testing, such as when an airfoil shape is put into a wind tunnel. RP models can be used to create male models for tooling, such as silicone rubber molds and investment casts. In some cases, the RP part can be the final part, but typically the RP material is not strong or accurate enough. When the RP material is suitable, highly convoluted shapes (including parts nested within parts) can be produced because of the nature of RP. Fig 1. Rapid prototyping worldwide There is a multitude of experimental RP methodologies either in development or used by small groups of individuals. They are listed as given below. Stereolithography (SLA) Selective Laser...
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...faster By Stratasys Inc. What is 3D printing? The terms “3D printing” and “additive manufacturing” refer to processes that automatically build objects layer by layer from computer data. The technology is already well-used in many sectors including transportation, health care, military and education. Uses include building concept models, functional prototypes, factory tooling (such as molds and robot-arm ends), and even finished goods (such as aircraft internal components). The aerospace and medical industries in particular have developed advanced applications for 3D printing. 3D printing is sometimes referred to as “rapid prototyping,” but this term does not encompass all current uses for the technology. Materials used in 3D printing include resins, plastics and, in some cases, metal. 3D PRINTER Since 3D printing’s inception, system reliability and model quality have increased, resulting in diverse applications. At the same time, prices have gone down to the point where some systems are affordable even for small businesses. In a 2011 report, Wohlers Associates predicted that worldwide annual sales of additive manufacturing systems will reach 15,000 units by 2015 — more than double the 2010 rate. Lower-priced professional systems will drive most of this growth.1 In FDM Technology™, printer software on the user’s Windows network or workstation accepts computer-aided design (CAD) data in major 3D file formats, including .stl, .wrl, .ply and .sfx files. Some products also accept...
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...long-term impact of 3D printing. But the technology is coming, and it is likely to disrupt every field it touches. ” —The Economist, in a February 10, 2011 leader[18] A model (left) was digitally acquired by using a 3D scanner, the scanned data processed using MeshLab, and the resulting 3D model used by a rapid prototyping machine to create a resin replica (right) An example of 3D printed limited edition jewellery. This necklace is made of glassfiber-filled dyed nylon. It has rotating linkages that were produced in the same manufacturing step as the other parts. Photography: Atelier Ted Noten. Additive manufacturing's earliest applications have been on the toolroom end of the manufacturing spectrum. For example, rapid prototyping was one of the earliest additive variants, and its mission was to reduce the lead time and cost of developing prototypes of new parts and devices, which was earlier only done with subtractive toolroom methods (typically slowly and expensively).[19] However, as the years go by and technology continually advances and disseminates into the business world, additive methods are moving ever further into the production end of manufacturing—sometimes even in ways that the pioneers of the techniques didn't foresee.[19] Parts that formerly were the sole province of subtractive methods can now in some cases be made more profitably via additive ones. Standard applications include design visualization, prototyping/CAD, metal casting,...
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... marketing and launching new products. In this competition we finally have found the most innovative new consumer products, 3D printer. Introduction This product report will suggest l what the 3D printer is l the advantages of 3D printer l what characteristics of product correspond to our requirements Findings 1. The concept of 3D printer 3D printer is unlike of the common printers. On a 3D printer the object is printed by three dimension. A 3D model is built up layer by layer. Therefore the whole process is called rapid prototyping, or 3D printing. Nowadays, 3D printer is mainly used in business enterprises and concepts which demand time-saving. These include medicine, architecture but also the entertainment industry such as game and film industry. Even artists use a 3D printer for their creations in a comparatively short time in a solid shape to print. 2. The strengths of 3D printer l Accessibility : in the past, the knowledge & technology was accessible just for engineers & designers, today 3D printing techniques and printers are available to anyone. l Printing at Home : today anyone can buy 3D printer or 3-D designs in affordable price and enjoy large accessibility to many different kinds of materials. The advantage of printing at home is a key factor in the future 3D printing trends. l Product Better Quality : 3D product’s perfection can be achieved within hours. 3D programs can refine designs and prototypes over and over until the product gets to perfection...
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...There are two major ways in which the costs for manufacturing using the additive manufacturing can be examined: • Comparison with traditional technologies: This examination determines in what way is additive manufacturing is cost-effective as compared to the traditional machining technologies. • Identifying use of resources: This examination aims at identifying the amount of resource used at various steps of the manufacturing processes and hence determines whether a more judicious use of resources is possible or not. In this way it is judged in what ways an steps the cost can be reduced. As discussed by Young (1991)[1], the costs of production can be categorized in two...
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...Discovery Phase of business development, and is looking to start mainly with an online presence, then expanding to a brick and mortar. The company is looking to introduce the technology of 3D printing to a market where the technology has been restricted to machine shops and prototyping companies. This will give the public the opportunity to customize, design, and create physical objects from their imagination, with little to no drawing or technical knowledge, at an affordable price. The company will offer a variety of products, for simple customization, including cell phone cases, key chains, and other novelty type items, allowing the customer to add their name or images to the product. Umake’s target market is separated into 3 categories: 1. Hobbyists With the introduction of 3D printing, hobbyists have flocked to the technology to reproduce lost or difficult items needed for their projects. Everything from car enthusiasts to scrap booking, customization is key. 2. Prototyping Inventors, companies, and entrepreneurs, need to produce a product for proof of concept. 3. Students Children ages 10 – 17 are the fastest growing market, other than companies, for cell phones and accessories. This market has the need to customize everything from backpacks to cell phone cases. While 3D printing technology is over twenty years old, it is a new concept to the average consumer, and the need for a company of this type within the local market is still unknown, for this reason...
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...3D Printing Technology To anyone who hasn’t seen it demonstrated, 3-D printing sounds space-age, like the meals that turn up in the Jetson’s oven at the touch of a keypad. The technology is quite straightforward and is a small evolutionary step from spraying toner on paper to putting down layers of something more substantial (such as plastic resin) until the layers add up to an object. And yet, by enabling a machine to produce objects of any shape, on the spot and as needed, 3-D printing really is leading in a new era. (Barnatt, 2013) The use of 3D printing is quickly becoming a very affordable option for producing physical objects. The term ‘‘3D printing’’ covers a number of closely related technologies, all of which produce a 3-dimensional physical object from a computer model by building it up in successive layers. These technologies were developed primarily for use in rapid prototyping for industrial design; they allow a designer to convert a computer model of a prototype into a physical object quickly in comparison to most previously available technologies. (Massis, 2013) The 3D printers use standard inkjet printing technology to create parts layer-by-layer by depositing a liquid binder onto thin layers of powder. Instead of feeding paper under the print heads like a 2D printer, a 3D printer moves the print heads over a bed of powder upon which it prints the cross-sectional data sent from the 3D printer software. The 3d printing system requires...
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...Emerging Technology Report of 3D Printer: By Ali Sugule 11/22/13 3D printer, otherwise known as additive manufacturing is a machine that can turn a blueprint into a physical object. 3D printer is a process for making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model, typically by laying down many successive thin layers of a material. For example if you feed it a wrench, it produces a physical, working wrench or if you scan a coffee mug with a 3D scanner, send the file to the printer, and produce thousands of identical mugs. 3D printing can be used to create objects. At its most basic, 3D printing would allow you to design bookends that look like your face, or even custom action figures. 3D printing could be used to make simple machines like bicycles and skateboards. More elaborately, when combined with on-demand circuit board printing, 3D printing could be used to make simple household electronics like a custom remote control for your TV that is molded to fit your hand, with all of the buttons exactly where you want them. 3D printers use a variety of very different types of additive manufacturing technologies, but they all share one core thing in common: they create a three dimensional object by building it layer by successive layer, until the entire object is complete. Each of these printed layers is a thinly-sliced, horizontal cross-section of the eventual object. Current state-of-the-art applications: 3D printing is capable of mixing many materials, it is now able...
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...ABSTRACT 3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is created by laying down successive layers of material. It is also known as rapid prototyping, is a mechanized method whereby 3D objects are quickly made on a reasonably sized machine connected to a computer containing blueprints for the object. The 3D printing concept of custom manufacturing is exciting to nearly everyone. This revolutionary method for creating 3D models with the use of inkjet technology saves time and cost by eliminating the need to design; print and glue together separate model parts. Now, you can create a complete model in a single process using 3D printing. The basic principles include materials cartridges, flexibility of output, and translation of code into a visible pattern. 3D Printers are machines that produce physical 3D models from digital data by printing layer by layer. It can make physical models of objects either designed with a CAD program or scanned with a 3D Scanner. It is used in a variety of industries including jewellery, footwear, industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction, automotive, aerospace, dental and medical industries, education and consumer products. INTRODUCTION: Stereo lithographic 3D printers (known as SLAs or stereo lithography apparatus) position a perforated platform just below the surface of a vat of liquid photo curable polymer. A UV laser...
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