...Vintage Fashions are a way of retaining individuality in the age of fast fashion-discuss In the age of fast fashion and mass production of garments vintage fashions have become increasingly popular as a way of escaping contemporary stereotypes and retaining individuality. However the acceptance of this ‘vintage look’ has made the fashion industry adopt it as a way of creating new collections therefore making it more accessible and less individualising than it originally was. The meaning behind vintage fashion has changed drastically in the last 50 years, formally being associated with poverty and the lower class, due to the fact that second hand clothing was very dirty and was often contaminated with diseases such as the plague. Even though this was the case second hand clothing was necessary for many people before the rise of ready to wear fashion, as emphasized by Caroline Evans (2007) “Second-hand dress has historically been associated with low economic status and class; long before there was a ready-to-wear industry, the second-hand trade clothed the poor, often in third-, fourth- and fifth-hand clothing”(2007:249). Clothes were very highly valued; they were passed down in wills and given as gifts, this was due to the fact that clothes were very expensive as all clothing was hand made. However in the 1960’s with the introduction of mass production when clothes were no longer as expensive they were also no longer one of a kind. After WW2, the age of make do and mend...
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...Chanel ------------------------------------------------- World War II In 1939, at the beginning of World War II, Chanel closed her shops, maintaining her apartment situated above the couture house at 31 rue Cambon. She claimed that it was not a time for fashion.[18] Three thousand female employees lost their jobs.[39] The advent of war had given Chanel the opportunity to retaliate against those workers who, lobbying for fair wages and work hours, had closed down her business operation during the general labor strike in France in 1936. In closing her couture house, Chanel made a definitive statement of her political views. Her violent loathing of Jews, inculcated by her convent years and sharpened by her association with society elites had solidified her beliefs. She shared with most of her circle the conviction that Jews were a Bolshevik threat to Europe.[39] During the German occupation Chanel resided at the Hotel Ritz, which was also noteworthy for being the preferred place of residence for upper echelon German military staff. Her romantic liaison with Hans Günther von Dincklage, a German officer who had been an operative in military intelligence since 1920,[40] facilitated her arrangement to reside at the Ritz.[41] World War II, specifically the Nazi seizure of all Jewish-owned property and business enterprises, provided Chanel with the opportunity to gain the full monetary fortune generated by "Parfums Chanel" and its most profitable product, Chanel No. 5. The directors...
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...Assignment Submission Instructions TERM: Spring 2014 MODULE: FC029 ASSIGNMENT TITLE: 3D Forms SUBMISSION DATE: Week 12 - to be confirmed by tutor Read all instructions very carefully 1. Your assignment needs to be submitted by yourself on the date given above, within the first fifteen minutes of the class starting. You should observe the word count stated on the assignment brief. A 10% margin is allowed above or below the limit. You will lose marks if this is not followed. Please follow your assignment brief for details of the appropriate layout, font size, spacing and so on. Submissions should be handed in with the following information clearly printed on your sketchbook and CD: Module code, tutor name, assessment title, student name and number and the date of submission. 5. You must submit one hard copy of your work at the same time as submitting your sketchbook.. A hard copy of your work consists of taking a photograph or scan of each page your sketchbook and your final work and then burning these files and images onto a CD, covering all 2D, 3D and film/video based work. You will need to sign a submission sheet in class to confirm submission of your work and that all the work is your own. There are serious penalties for submitting work which is not your own, please refer to Academic Misconduct in the Programme Handbook for further information about this. For early/late submission you should fill in a separate cover sheet (available from reception) which also confirms submission...
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...to: Goring wild bull/strong net/raging flood wave (Gilgamesh), offspring of silence/sky-bold of Nunurta/wisdom of nature/skillfull hunter (Enkindu), and mother of Gilgamesh/wish/wild cow (Ninsun). Wiseman (1975) observed that in Gilgamesh the chief difference between the epithets here and in the Homeric epics was that “they take a more immediate action based approach”. In the Homeric epics, there is a lot of interpretation and seemingly non-related epithets actually have great context with one another. In Gilgamesh however, the story is much more straightforward and the epithets have a direct correlation to the action that is going on in the immediate present of the story. Even though “the narrative of the story takes place in medias res, it is easy to see the context of these epithets as they occur” (Wiseman pg. 110). However there are hidden epithets that must be taken into archaeological context as well. For example, when Enkindu dies and also in the Gudea’s dream- there is the presence of a lapis lazuli tablet. While this is most defienetly sa symbol of divine destiny it is actually a moment to describe the hardship of Gilgamesh’s life: “The tablet to be read aloud commences with the statement that Gilgamesh went through many hardships. It then continues with nine lines of laudatory epithets reminiscent of a hymn. It describes how Gilgamesh surpassed all other rules and was the hero of Urik, the “butting bull”. He always leads the way but marches in the rearguard to...
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...* Your School or College Social constructivist perspective for understanding schizophrenia, mental health and illness Mentor: Student: *name *name Spring, 2013 Contents: 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 Social constructivist perspective of schizophrenia 4 3 CONCLUSION 7 REFERENCES 8 INTRODUCTION In this paper we analyze the concept according to which mental illness is as much a socially constructed disease as it is a physiological one and especially the example of schizophrenia, one of the oldest, most documented, and least understood of all the behaviors that fall under society’s category of mental illness. One of the most influential theoretical positions evident in the sociology of health and illness over the past 30 years has been social constructivism. A central assumption within this broad approach is that reality is not self-evident, stable and waiting to be discovered, but instead it is a product of human activity. In this broad sense all versions of social constructivism can be identified as a reaction against positivism and naive realism. There are multiple intellectual roots of a social constructionist approach to illness. Some of the basic building blocks are evident in the writings of early sociological thinkers (Durkheim, Mannheim, Thomas), but one of the most important intellectual foundations of the social construction of illness is social problems theory...
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...Week 8: The Politics of Popular Culture | | |Lesson Content | | | |[pic][pic]Lecture Notes 8 | | | |Chapter 10 Storey (2010) Lecture Notes | |This book has outlines the history of the relationship between cultural theory and popular culture. | |- The study of popular culture has changed over time as theories are developed within the context of historical and | |political conditions | |o There is no singular approach (or agreement) on what popular culture is, how it is to be understood, and how it is best | |studied | |o The theoretical approaches to the study of popular culture sometimes complement each other, and they sometimes contradict...
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...A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NIGERIAN BUDGET FROM 1999 – 2013 ONOWA SIMON +2348064034407 Simoncy2k@gmail.com ABSTRACT This study examines the Federal Government budget in Nigeria between 1999 and 2013. The analysis of this study showed that for more than a decade of democratic dispensation in Nigeria, there has been a consistent increase in the total recurrent expenditure of the Federal Government. This has led to budget deficits. Thus a key macroeconomic issue addressed in this study is the rationale underlying government fiscal deficit, the significance of the rational expectation hypothesis in Nigerian economy and the consequences and impact of this action on the economy. Data for this study were collected from CBN statistical bulletin and gazette of the Federal Ministry of Finance. The study employed a descriptive analysis. Government has been allocation more fund to recurrent expenditure over the period under study. Using key fiscal indicators the study recommended that for overall sustained economic growth and development; federal government should increase substantially allocation to capital projects in rural Nigeria to trigger economic growth and development. Introduction A Budget is focused on the Government’s drive to achieve its developmental goals as entrenched in its Vision. It is also anchored on the commitment of the Government to improve the socio-economic status its people by strategically implementing plans and programmes to boost economic activity...
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...Ancient Egypt and the Spread of Tattoos Several female Egyptian mummies dating from the Eleventh Dynasty (2100 B.C.) show evidence of being tattooed for ritualistic purposes or for therapeutic purposes during pregnancy. Most likely influenced by ancient tattoo practices in Nubia, the women’s tattoos (or mentenu) were blackish blue and were likely applied with a pricking instrument with one or more fish bones set into a wooden handle. The most famous tattooed mummy is the beautiful Amunet, a priestess of the goddess of Hathor at Thebes, who was tattooed with several lines and dots in geometric patterns. A second female mummy, who appears to be a dancer, also exhibits similar patterns as well as a cicatrix pattern over the low pubic region. Several figurines from the Middle Kingdom known as the “Brides of Death” also display similar geometric patterns (Jones 2000). Though Egyptian tattoos have been found on only female mummies, designs which seem to represent tattoos are seen on both men and women in Egyptian art, suggesting tattoos were not restricted to women. While tattooing sprung up independently around the globe, the significant Egyptian influence also helped spread the practice. Ancient Greece and Rome: Tattoos as Marks of Ownership and Criminality The Greeks learned tattooing from the Persians who, as Herodotus informs us, would tattoo slaves, prisoners of war, and even Hellespont with the name or mark of Xerxes. While tattoos sometimes served as a way to transmit secret...
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...ECON 320- test 3 material Chapter 13 To start a bank, one needs permission in the form of a bank charter. What is a unit bank? Banks without branches; banking carried on by individual banks without branches or corporate relationships with other banks. Developed because agricultural society had no need for multiple banks. Federal government left banking to individual states and issued their own money. Didn’t want a strong central government or strong central bank. What is dual banking system? A system where state banks and national banks are regulated at different levels. National banks are chartered and regulated under federal law and standards, and supervised by a federal agency. What are bank holding companies? Created because of banks reaction to branching restrictions. These are corporations that own a group of other firms. Can be thought of as a parent firm for a group of subsidiaries. Initially these were created as a way to provide nonbank financial services in more than one state. IN 1956, act passed to allow these companies to provide various nonbank financial services. A bank holding company can purchase a controlling interest in a foreign bank. Simply a bank that holds controlling interest in other banks but are not necessarily involved in the banks activities. What is a financial holding company? Created by an act in 1999, it allowed a commercial bank, investment bank, and insurance company to merge and form this type of holding company which many bank holding...
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...Marijuana is one of the world’s oldest plants to come to wide practice of production, sale, and consumption originally used for medical purposes. This generated rapidly growing industries based around the variety of uses for the easily grown plant species. Hemp has been used for a variety of everyday purposes in Americas past including paper, clothing, food, and fuel; the economic potential for this plant type surpasses many plants which are considered staple crops today. Marijuana is America’s number one cash crop surpassing corn and other items. Its decriminalization would open new tax revenues and slash old tax budgets as funds are re appropriated to satisfy a hungry criminal justice system. There have been many non-violent convictions in the justice system that costs the country potentially hundreds of billions of dollars every year and have since the start of the war on drugs during the Reagan era. These convictions could be avoided if the government let each American decide if the production and consumption of marijuana violated their moral and ethical values as individual liberties. As Americans, we are given, at birth, unalienable rights to life, liberty, and the freedom to pursue happiness through whatever means beyond any clear and eminent harm. The combined benefits that would be experienced from legalization are obvious, evident, and too important to remain illegal; the decriminalization of marijuana is more a matter of time due to the variety and abundance of positive...
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...The study of International Human Resource Management (IHRM) has focused mainly on the policies, practices and strategies of Human Resource practitioners in individual multinational firms. The goal of this special issue is to move beyond this narrow focus at the enterprise level and situate HRM within wider economic, organizational, political and institutional contexts. HRM differs across countries but to date the comparative literature has tended to focus on cultural issues. Research that systematically analyzes socio-economic, institutional and societal contexts and their impact on HRM remains underdeveloped and there is a significant opportunity for work which draws on theory from adjacent fields - e.g. the varieties of capitalism literature, theories of cross-national organization and research in comparative political studies and economic geography all offer potentially useful frameworks. Companies are socially embedded on different levels; local economies, regional districts, national institutions, international networks and transnational regulation are all aspects of the social, organizational and economic structures in which companies are situated. Despite the all-pervasive talk of globalization, the seasoned international business traveller will be acutely aware of differences in the ‘way of doing things’from country to country and from region to region. Such differences are seldom more apparent than in the field of organization and management. Not only will...
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...Zoe Wanamaker and Claire Bloom. This fall the Times has repeatedly remarked on the “deluge” of Greek tragedy in the 1998-99 theater season: the National Theater of Greece’s Medea, Joanne Akalaitis’ The Iphigeneia Cycle (a double bill that combines Euripides’ two Iphigeneia plays), a revival of Andrei Serban’s famous Fragments of a Greek Trilogy, and a four-and-a-half-hour adaptation of the Oedipus Rex were announced at the start of the season. Off-off Broadway versions will inevitably follow. The Brooklyn Academy of Music even hosted a dance/theatre piece based on the Eleusinian Mysteries. 1 The Classic Stage Company, an off-Broadway theater group devoted to performance and adaptation of Western classics, currently receives more scripts that re-work Greek tragedy than any other category of drama. 2 From a global perspective, New York is simply reflecting a trend set by important modern playwrights and directors worldwide. Greek drama now occupies a regular place in the London theater season. In the past twenty years, acclaimed productions have been mounted not only in Europe but also in Japan, India, and Africa. Translations are even beginning to proliferate in China, occasionally with unexpected results. A recent Chinese translator of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex referred to all the Greek gods generically as Apollo, since he could count on his audience’s ability to recognize this name from the United States space program. 3 The Greek theater festival at Delphi has played host to many...
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...V March 1989 WID, WAD, GAD: TRENDS IN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Eva M. Rathgeber* International Development Research Centre Ottawa * The views expressed here are those of the author and This paper was do not necessarily reflect those of IDRC. originally presented at the meetings of the Canadian Institute for the Advancement of Women held in Quebec City, November 1988. 2 During the past few years, the term "women in development" has become common currency both inside and outside academic settings. But while "women in development" or "WID", is understood integration of women into global processes the of to mean economic, political and social growth and change, there often is confusion about the meaning of two more recent acronyms, This paper will begin with assumptions embedded look at the in an "WID," "WAD" and "dAD". examination of meanings and "WAD" and "GAD" and then will extent to which differing views of the relationship between gender and development have influenced research, policymaking and international agency thinking since the mid1960s. it is suggested that each term has been associated with a varying set of assumptions and has led to the formulation of different strategies for the participation of women in development strategies. ORIGINS 1. women in Development The term "women in development" came into use in the early 1970s, after the publication of Ester Boserup's Economic Development (1970). Boserup was Women's Role in...
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...V March 1989 WID, WAD, GAD: TRENDS IN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Eva M. Rathgeber* International Development Research Centre Ottawa * The views expressed here are those of the author and This paper was do not necessarily reflect those of IDRC. originally presented at the meetings of the Canadian Institute for the Advancement of Women held in Quebec City, November 1988. 2 During the past few years, the term "women in development" has become common currency both inside and outside academic settings. But while "women in development" or "WID", is understood to mean the integration of women into global processes of economic, political and social growth and change, there often is confusion about the meaning of two more recent acronyms, "WAD" and "dAD". This paper will begin with in an examination of meanings and "WAD" and "GAD" and assumptions embedded look at the "WID," then will extent to which differing views of the relationship between gender and development have influenced research, policymaking and international agency thinking since the mid1960s. it is suggested that each term has been associated with a varying set of assumptions and has led to the formulation of different strategies for the development strategies. participation of women in ORIGINS 1. women in Development The term "women in development" came into use in the early Women's Role in 1970s, after the publication of Ester Boserup's Economic Development (1970). Boserup was the...
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...Page 1 – ASIA PACIFIC 2012 Copyright © ESOMAR 2012 “SO MANY DIFFERENT SUNS” HOW SUCCESSFUL BRANDS HIT THE CONFLUX OF AFFORDABILITY AND ASPIRATION Shobha Prasad • Sangeeta Gupta INTRODUCTION All of us are familiar with the current industry focus on emerging markets. It is also no surprise that the larger consuming population in these markets lies not at the top end, but towards the middle and lower ends of the income pyramid. This is also where marketers struggle the most – how should the offer be constructed to ensure it is affordable yet desirable? The proposed Theory of Multiple Aspiration & Poverty Lines (MAPL) represented a new and stratified approach to understanding affluence, poverty and aspiration. This has many implications on brand positioning and portfolio strategies for creation of winning brands or “suns”. Objective The objective of this paper was to take this thinking forward through an exploration as follows: Broadly, what are the implications of the Multiple Aspiration & Poverty Lines (MAPL) theory for brand positioning, communication and portfolio management? What drives brand success in the Indian context? What strategies have these brands used to achieve success- to what degree are these brands wedded to symbols of aspiration /belongingness in each social class? How did the brands that were not so successful in the Indian market falter on making the right connections on these dimensions? Approach We identified product categories through which...
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