...Materials 2014, 7, 5746-5760; doi:10.3390/ma7085746 OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials Article A Corrosion Sensor for Monitoring the Early-Stage Environmental Corrosion of A36 Carbon Steel Dong Chen 1,*, Max Yen 1, Paul Lin 1, Steve Groff 1, Richard Lampo 2, Michael McInerney 2 and Jeffrey Ryan 2 1 2 College of Engineering, Technology, and Computer Science, Indiana University-Purdue University, 2101 E Coliseum Blvd, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA; E-Mails: yens@ipfw.edu (M.Y.); lin@ipfw.edu (P.L.); groff.steve@gmail.com (S.G.) U.S. Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 9005, Champaign, IL 61826, USA; E-Mails: Richard.G.Lampo@usace.army.mil (R.L.); Michael.K.McInerney@usace.army.mil (M.M.); Jeffrey.P.Ryan@usace.army.mil (J.R.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: chend@ipfw.edu; Tel.: +1-260-481-6356; Fax: +1-260-481-6281. Received: 18 December 2013; in revised form: 1 August 2014 / Accepted: 4 August 2014 / Published: 8 August 2014 Abstract: An innovative prototype sensor containing A36 carbon steel as a capacitor was explored to monitor early-stage corrosion. The sensor detected the changes of the surface- rather than the bulk- property and morphology of A36 during corrosion. Thus it was more sensitive than the conventional electrical resistance corrosion sensors. After being soaked in an aerated 0.2 M NaCl solution, the sensor’s normalized electrical resistance...
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...characterized by the amide group –CONH-as recurring part of their polymer chain. The original nylon was first made in a laboratory in DuPont, USA in 1935 by Wallace Carothers. It was recognized as the first semicrsytalline polymer, the first engineering thermoplastic, and the first synthetic fiber .Amongst various variants of polyamide, polycaprolactam is particularly different in that it is made from only 1 kind of monomer- caprolactam which will be discussed in this paper in further detail from various aspects. Schalak while working on polyamides in IG Fabraen laboratory synthesized polycaprolactam through ring opening polymerization of caprolactom. He heated caprrolactam in a flask to about 250oC with about 5-10% water which hydrolyzed a few percent of the caprolactam to aminocaproic acid. The NH2 group of the aminocaproic acid acted as ring opening initiator for polycaprolactam followed by a polycondensation reaction of the NH2 and COOH group of the low molecular weight product of the ring opening polymerization reaction resulting in a high molecular weight product-Polycaprolactam. The key properties of polycaprolactam that have made them suitable for a variety of industrial applications are toughness, fatigue resistance, oil and abrasion resistance, high melting temperature, excellent fire resistance etc. The distinguishing feature that gives polycaprolactam these combinations of properties are the amide groups which are responsible for the strong hydrogen bonding between the...
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...In this project combination of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is used as electrolytic solution. 1. Caustic soda (NaOH) It is also known as sodium hydroxide, having caustic metallic base. It is hygroscopic readily absorb water as presented in air, so it should be stored in a container. Caustic soda is soluble in water with the liberation of heat along with also dissolves in ethanol and methanol, although it shows lower solubility in these solvents than potassium hydroxide. Molten sodium hydroxide is also a strong base, however high temperature is required to limits applications. Sodium hydroxide solution will leave a yellow stain on fabric in addition to paper. It is used in several industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the produce of pulp and paper, textile, drinking water, soaps plus detergents in addition to a drain cleaner. Unpolluted sodium hydroxide is a white solid obtainable in the form of pallets; flake granules furthermore as a 50% saturated solution. Properties of sodium hydroxide...
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...Major Project Report on Design and Control of an Electromechanical Actuator for Variable Valve Timing for Partial fulfilment to award of Bachelor of Technology in Automobile Engineering Submitted by Aditya Jindal (2K10/AE/25) Pankaj Kandpal (2k10/AE/40) Mohit Yadav (2K10/AE/37) Rahul Khurana (2K10/AE/48) Under the supervision of Dr. R.C. Singh DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY DELHI-110042 2014 Major Project Report on Design and Control of an Electromechanical Actuator for Variable Valve Timing for Partial fulfilment to award of Bachelor of Technology in Automobile Engineering Submitted by Aditya Jindal (2K10/AE/25) Pankaj Kandpal (2k10/AE/40) Mohit Yadav (2K10/AE/37) Rahul Khurana(2K10/AE/48) Under the supervision of Dr. R.C. Singh DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY DELHI-110042 2014 DECLARATION We hereby declare that the major project report entitled “Design and Control of an Electromechanical Actuator for Variable Valve Timing” submitted to Delhi Technological University is a record of original work done by us under the guidance of Dr. R.C. Singh, Department of Mechanical Engineering. It is further declared that this project work has not been submitted for the award of any other degree or diploma. Aditya Jindal (2K10/AE/25) Mohit Yadav (2K10/AE/37) Pankaj Kandpal (2K10/AE/40) Rahul Khurana (2K10/AE/48) ...
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...® To the best of our knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate. However, neither Celanese Acetate LLC nor any of its divisions or affiliates can accept liability of any kind for the accuracy or completeness thereof. Final determination of the suitability of any information or material for the use contemplated, or its manner of use, and whether the suggested use infringes any patents is the sole responsibility of the user. ©2001. Copyright Celanese Acetate LLC. All Rights Reserved. Information about this book can be obtained from your Celanese Acetate sales or technical service representative or by contacting: 1-800-222-5543 Celanese Acetate Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 phone: 212-251-8050 fax: 212-251-8037 or Celanese Acetate 2300 Archdale Drive Charlotte, NC 28210 phone: 704-554-3843 fax: 704-554-3851 © 2001, Celanese Acetate LLC Foreword ______________________________________________________ This Complete Textile Glossary is intended to be a convenient reference for textile terminology. Although it covers all types of textile terms broadly, its special emphasis is on manufactured fibers - what they are, how they are made, and how they are used. The first two editions of this dictionary were published under the title Man-Made Fiber and Textile Dictionary by the former Celanese Corporation to provide a source for employees. A third edition of the dictionary, with expanded listings and illustrations, was offered in response to numerous...
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.............................. 1 2.2 Employment ............................................................................................................................................ 2 2.3 Administration ....................................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Changes Introduced in GATE 2013 that will continue to remain in force for GATE 2014 .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 4.1 Eligibility for GATE 2014 ................................................................................................................... 4 4.2 GATE Papers ............................................................................................................................................ 5 4.3 Zone-Wise List of Cities in which GATE 2014 will be Held ................................................... 6 4.4 Zone-Wise List of Cities for 3rd Choice .......................................................................................... 7 4.4 State-wise Examination Cities .......................................................................................................... 7 4.4 How to Apply .............................................................................................................................................
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...Course code: 15MA101 | Engineering Mathematics | L | T | P | C | | | 3 | 1 | - | 4 | Course Objectives | To train the students in basic mathematics essential for modeling and solving engineering problems. | Course Outcomes | 1. An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering. 2. An ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems | Differential Calculus: Review: Functions and graphs, Limits and Continuity, Differentiation, Maxima and minima of a function, Rolle’s Theorem, Mean Value Theorem. Indeterminate forms and L'Hopital's rule, Infinite sequences and series, Power series, Taylor's and Maclaurin's series, Convergence of Taylor's series, Error Estimates, Polar coordinates and Polar equations. Functions of two or more real variables, Partial derivatives of second and higher order, Euler’s theorem on homogenous function, Total derivatives, Differentiation of composite and implicit functions, Change of variable, Jacobians, Maxima and minima of functions of two or more variable, Lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers. Integral Calculus: Estimating with finite sums and limits of finite sums, Definite integral, The fundamental theorem of calculus, Trigonometric substitutions, Integration by reduction formula for powers of some trigonometric functions, Improper integrals, Beta and Gamma integrals. Double integrals, Triple...
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...Electrical Installations K K Sharma Lingaya’s University, Faridabad, Email: krishan_ksharma@yahoo.com Abstract: “Electrical Safety is not an option — it is absolutely necessary for workers and employers alike”. Safety in the workplace is job number one for employer and employee alike. It is especially important for those who install and service electrical systems. Nothing can replace a worker or loved one that has died or suffered the irreparable consequences of an electrical accident. No matter how much an employer tries to safeguard its workers or how much safety training is provided; the ultimate responsibility lies with the worker. The human factor is part of every accident or injury. The purpose of this paper is to identify electrical safety hazards and present ways to minimize or avoid their consequences. It is a guide for improving electrical safety and contains information about governmental regulations, industry-accepted standards and work practices. It presents ways to meet the standards and reduce the hazards. I. Introduction Electricity is very useful and has become essential in modern life. Electric power is used in houses, farms, factories, public places, and commercial establishment and practically in every working place for lighting, operating appliances and machines, heating, cooling, chemical process and transport etc. Electricity is a very good servant but a very dangerous master. Proper precautions will render its...
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...185 EQUILIBRIUM 185 UNIT 7 EQUILIBRIUM After studying this unit you will be able to • identify dynamic nature of equilibrium involved in physical and chemical processes; • state the law of equilibrium; • explain characteristics of equilibria involved in physical and chemical processes; • write expressions for equilibrium constants; • establish a relationship between Kp and K c ; • explain various factors that affect the equilibrium state of a reaction; • classify substances as acids or bases according to Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis concepts; • classify acids and bases as weak or strong in terms of their ionization constants; • explain the dependence of degree of ionization on concentration of the electrolyte and that of the common ion; • describe pH scale for representing hydrogen ion concentration; • explain ionisation of water and its duel role as acid and base; • describe ionic product (Kw ) and pKw for water; • appreciate use of buffer solutions; • calculate solubility product constant. Chemical equilibria are important in numerous biological and environmental processes. For example, equilibria involving O2 molecules and the protein hemoglobin play a crucial role in the transport and delivery of O2 from our lungs to our muscles. Similar equilibria involving CO molecules and hemoglobin account for the toxicity of CO. When a liquid evaporates in a closed container, molecules with relatively higher kinetic energy escape the liquid surface into the vapour...
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...photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Chelsea House An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 For Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, please contact the Publisher ISBN 0-8160-6167-X Chelsea House books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at 212/967-8800 or 800/322-8755. You can find Chelsea House on the World Wide Web at http://www.chelseahouse.com Printed in China CP Diagram 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 This book is printed on acid-free paper. *Physics Prelims (1-7).qxd 12/11/08 1:00 PM Page 3 Introduction Physics is one of eight volumes in the Science Visual Resources set. It contains five sections, a comprehensive glossary, a Web site guide, and an index. Physics is a learning tool for students and teachers. Full-color diagrams, graphs, charts, and maps on every page illustrate the essential elements of the subject, while parallel text provides key definitions and step-by-step...
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...Date of Sale Seal of Bank / Institution with Address Initial of authorized sale clerk CONTENTS Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Appendix I. II. III. IV . V . VI. VII. VIII. IX. List of Institutions participated in CCB(AIEEE) -2010-Counseling .......................................................... 007 Nomenclature of Disciplines in Degree Engineering & Technology/ Architecture/Town Planning (Approved by AICTE) ............................................................................... 009 Syllabus .................................................................................................................................................... 010 Addresses of selling centers from where Application Forms can be procured against Cash Payment only ....................................................................................................... 019 Instructions for completing and sending the Application Form By Post ................................................. 024 List of Cities where All India Engineering/Architecture Entrance Examination will be conducted ................................................................................................................. 027 List of cities where on line examination will be conducted ...................................................................... 029 A. Procedure to be followed in conduct of AIEEE ...............................................................................
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...Illustration Editor Eugene Aiello This book was set in 10/12 Times Roman by University Graphics and printed and bound by Hamilton. The cover was printed by Phoenix. This book is printed on acid-free paper, oo Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ@WILEY.COM. To order books or for customer service, call 1 (800)-CALL-WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: Bard, Allen J. Electrochemical methods : fundamentals and applications / Allen J. Bard, Larry R. Faulkner.— 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-471-04372-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Electrochemistry. I. Faulkner, Larry R., 1944- II. Title. QD553.B37 2000 541.3'7_dc21 00-038210 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE In the twenty...
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...UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B. TECH DEGREE COURSE 2008 SCHEME ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING I to VIII SEMESTER SCHEME AND SYLLABUS BOARD OF STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF KERALA B.Tech Degree Course – 2008 Scheme REGULATIONS 1. Conditions for Admission Candidates for admission to the B.Tech degree course shall be required to have passed the Higher Secondary Examination, Kerala or 12th Standard V.H.S.E., C.B.S.E., I.S.C. or any examination accepted by the university as equivalent thereto obtaining not less than 50% in Mathematics and 50% in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry/ Bio- technology/ Computer Science/ Biology put together, or a diploma in Engineering awarded by the Board of Technical Education, Kerala or an examination recognized as equivalent thereto after undergoing an institutional course of at least three years securing a minimum of 50 % marks in the final diploma examination subject to the usual concessions allowed for backward classes and other communities as specified from time to time. 2. Duration of the course i) The course for the B.Tech Degree shall extend over a period of four academic years comprising of eight semesters. The first and second semester shall be combined and each semester from third semester onwards shall cover the groups of subjects as given in the curriculum and scheme of examination ii) Each semester shall ordinarily comprise of not less than 400 working periods each of 60 minutes...
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...CODE : 8 IIT - JEE 2015 (Advanced) (2) Vidyalankar : IIT JEE 2015 Advanced : Question Paper & Solution PART I : PHYSICS Section 1 (Maximum Marks : 32) This section contains EIGHT questions. The answer to each question is a SINGLE DIGIT INTEGER ranging from 0 to 9, both inclusive. For each question, darken the bubble corresponding to the correct integer in the ORS. Marking scheme : +4 If the bubble corresponding to the answer is darkened 0 In all other cases 1. The energy of a system as a function of time t is given as E(t) = A 2 exp(t), where = 0.2 s1. The measurement of A has an error of 1.25%. If the error in the measurement of time is 1.50%, the percentage error in the value of E(t) at t = 5 s is 1. [4] E(t) = A2 exp (t) (E) = 2A (A) exp (t) + A2 exp ( t) (E) = 2A exp ( t) A + A2 exp (t) (t) (E) = 2A exp (t) A + A2 exp (t) tt (E) A 2 (t)20.01250.20.0155 E A (E) = 0.0250 + 0.015 = 0.040 % error = 4% (E) 2. The densities of two solid spheres A and B of the same radii R vary with radial distance r 5 r r as A(r) = k and B(r) = k , respectively, where k is a constant. The moments R R of inertia of the individual spheres about axes passing through their centres are IA and IB, I n respectively. If B = , the value of n is IA 10 2. [6] x x R V = 4 x2 x (m) = 4(x) x2 . x I = 2 2 (m)x 2 4(x) x 4 x 3 3 R I x (x)dx 4 0...
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...Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering EMM 5977 Independent Study Lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Nor Mariah Adam Name Lai Jee Inn Matrik No. GS 42146 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT Review on How to Improve the Efficiency of the Rechargeable Batteries-Lithium Batteries Lai Jee Inn GS42146 ABSTRACT Batteries are playing important role in our life especially in this high technology era. Laptop, mobile phone, camera and otherwise are using battery to make it to function. In order to improve the efficiency the batteries, several methods are discussed in this paper. INTRODUCTION In this advanced technology era, batteries have been commonly used by the consumers. We use them in different fields like cars, mobile phone, laptop and other else. (Hiroki Kitamura, 2012).Batteries is divided into two main groups which are primary and secondary batteries. (Clean Up Australia, 2009) Primary batteries are the batteries that normally use in dairy life such as remote control, clock but for this kind of batteries is a non rechargeable battery which means that we only can use it for one time and will be throw away after used. This kind of batteries is actually converting the chemical energy to electrical energy and they are normally known as the alkaline batteries. Secondary batteries are batteries that can be rechargeable and recycle after it cannot be recharge. This batteries mostly use for our mobile phone, laptop and other. Although...
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