...Psychopathology Specific Learning Disorders Table of contents Index Pages Introduction 3 Diagnostic criteria 4 Aetiology 11 Differential diagnosis 14 Comorbodity 16 Prevalence 16 Prevention and Treatment 17 Prognosis 18 Multicultural factors 19 Social factors 19 Conclusion 20 References 21 Stupid Slow Stubborn A tiny fragment of words used, labels for children and people with specific learning disorders. If only they understood Introduction The most basic definition of a specific learning disorder/disability according to Gould (2005) cited in Rörich (2008) is when a learner has an average to above average intelligence, with normal vision and hearing, and receives the same teaching experiences as other learners his age. He, however, underachieves. He is unable to keep up with his peers and generally cannot cope with the demands of the school (pp16). Margari (2013) defines SLD’s as that which are characterizations of academic functioning that are below the level that would be expected given their age, Intelligent Quotient and grade level in school, and interfere significantly with academic performances or daily life activities that require reading, writing or calculation skills. The gist of it, is that specific learning disorders are neurodevelopmental/cognitive disorders that Hulme and Snowling (2009,pp22) define as “typically characterized...
Words: 5077 - Pages: 21
...Chapter 1: Student Characteristics Understand Characteristics of Students with Disabilities Some students with disabilities pass through typical developmental milestones and express skills within an average range for their age group. Others show delayed growth at certain developmental milestones, and many students with disabilities experience challenges as they navigate through the school curriculum. It is critical that special education teachers know how to differentiate between typical individual differences among children without disabilities and differences that may indicate a disability that requires interventions and/or specialized designed instruction. In addition, special education teachers need to know the most common types of disabilities that students may experience and how those disabilities affect their ability to learn and their behavior in the classroom. Competency 1 thus focuses on the characteristics of typical and atypical human growth and development and the characteristics of students with various disabilities that special education teachers are likely to encounter. The test includes a wide range of multiple-choice questions that address Competency 1. * Questions on typical and atypical behaviors and abilities for children and adolescents at particular ages. * Questions on the types and characteristics of various disabilities. * Questions on the similarities and differences among students with and without disabilities. This competency encompasses...
Words: 37727 - Pages: 151
...Curriculum Guides for Academic Interventions Sheila Klemann Grand Canyon University Abstract Curriculum Guides for Academic Interventions The following is a curriculum guide intended for special educators to teach reading and writing skills to primary students with EBD. Reading and writing are closely related, mutually supportive linguistic activities. Therefore, developing beginning reading skills through writing activities is an effective approach. Writing requires careful scrutiny of the sound and sequence in order to write words correctly and it is this cognitive process that enables the child to become proficient in the phonetic analysis skills that are the foundation of the reading process. This guide will include principles of effective instruction and some teaching strategies used to address the needs of students with EBD. At times it will refer to principles governing behavior that impact the outcomes of instruction. It will include some instructional lessons for teaching primary reading and writing, the steps to achieve the objectives and assessment procedures to insure the efficacy of interventions. Since there hasn’t been many scientifically based studies of EBD specific to these subjects (Yell, Meadows, Drasgow, & Shriner, 2009), the guide will show how a task analysis can be used to design an effective lesson. Teaching children with EBD is compounded by the fact that their behavior problems are often caused by...
Words: 3060 - Pages: 13
...Terminology Research Project Stacey N. Lodge St. Thomas University Abstract Teaching children with learning disabilities requires extensive knowledge in terminology and multiple frameworks of classroom instruction and management. When implementing different frameworks, it is imperative to understand the role of each concept and how it can be used successfully to support students with learning disabilities. Differentiated Instruction can be provided through Response to Intervention (RTI), the Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and Technology in the Classroom, which are all well-known frameworks or strategies when discussing the teaching of students with disabilities. This paper will discuss each framework and its use within the classroom. Terminology Research Project Teaching students with learning disabilities presents difficulties for teachers utilizing traditional teaching strategies. “As every veteran teacher realizes, students with learning disabilities and other learning disorders may be less engaged in the learning task, unable to cope with multiple instructions, and poorly organized in their thinking and work habits when compared with students without disabilities.” (Bender, 2012, p.1) With this in mind, experts in the field have, over the course of time, developed several frameworks to support students with learning disabilities in the classroom. These frameworks of differentiated instruction, The Universal Design for Learning (UDL), Response to Intervention (RTI)...
Words: 1873 - Pages: 8
...Linking Assessment and Instruction for Students with Disabilities Final Exam Study Guide Information of each of these topics can be found in the notes, textbook, class handouts, and presentation handouts Introduction to Assessment and the Law – Chapter 1 Define and identify examples of formative and summative assessment * Formative assessment * On going evaluation * Less formal * Used to adjust and monitor progress * Summative assessment * Evaluation at the end of a unit/ year * More formal * Assess student competency with a unit Identify and apply the 6 principles of IDEA * Procedural Due Process * Zero Reject * To include all students * Nondiscriminatory * To determine whether a student has a disability * The nature of special education and related services * Appropriate Education * To provide benefit and progress toward outcomes by following the IDEA process * Least restrictive environment * To ensure IEP outcomes by ensuring access to general education curriculum, extracurricular, and other activities * Parent and Student Participation Identify the impact of ESEA/NCLB on schools * Accountablility fro results * School safety * Parental choice * Teacher quality * Scientific based methods of teaching evidence based practices * Local flexibility * Standards-based education * Current * performance ...
Words: 3010 - Pages: 13
...relationship with oneself, requisite for self discovery. To this end, the course emphasizes on building the conceptual foundations and acquiring psychological skills through classroom teaching/learning consisting of reflective as well as creative engagement in exercises, projects and hands on experiences. The teaching-learning of the programme would be organized through lectures, group discussions, experiential exercises, group projects, presentations, workshops and seminars. Students would be encouraged to connect to real life issues and participate in the programs and practices in the different social context. To this end practicum is incorporated as an important component in most of the papers with hands on training in the use of various research methods such as: laboratory experiments, field experiments, observation, testing, survey, interview, case study. The programme has three components i.e. Discipline 1(DC1), Discipline 2 (DC2) and Application courses (AC). While in DC 1 practicum is a key component, AC follows a modular pattern where hands on training will be provided for developing psychological skills and their applications. Every semester, teaching will be spread over 16 weeks, including 2 weeks for review. Teaching of DC 1 and...
Words: 8279 - Pages: 34
...systems do not recognize or support people with dyslexia. Following these meetings the Parliamentary Secretary requested the FaHCSIA convene a roundtable Forum to discuss these issues. This Dyslexia Stakeholder Forum was held at Parliament House Canberra on 16 June 2009. The Forum consisted of 24 people who were scientists in the areas of reading or learning disabilities, technologists, people with dyslexia, clinicians and practitioners, or representatives from DEEWR and FaHCSIA. It was decided that a representative Working Party of 8 Forum members should be formed, charged with the task of writing a report proposing a national agenda for action to assist people with dyslexia. The Working Party consulted widely and in particular benefited from comments on a draft report that were received from the following authorities (all of whom have expressed very strong support for the recommendations we have made): • AUSPELD (The Australian Federation of Specific Learning Difficulty Associations) • LDA (Learning Difficulties Australia) • ALDA (The Australian Learning Difficulty Association) • Speech Pathology Australia • The DDOLL (Developmental Disorders of Language and Literacy) network, which was established with funding...
Words: 4499 - Pages: 18
...Syntax Syntax refers to the set of rules “that pertain to the ways in which words can be combined to form sentences in a language.” Language impairment affecting syntax may cause a child to have difficulty understanding and using correct sentence structure elements when listening, speaking, reading, and/or writing (“Language In Brief,” n.d.). The article Impact of Prematurity on Language Skills at School Age discusses the following analyses, which were used to assess the children’s syntactical skills. Mean length of utterance in C-units (MLU-C) was estimated for all of the language samples taken. MLU-C is calculated by dividing the total number of morphemes by the total number of utterances, using all of a child’s whole intelligible utterances...
Words: 1297 - Pages: 6
...manic-depressive illness, Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder which causes a person to have unusual shifts in mood, energy, thought, and behavior, and can seriously affect one’s ability to function. More than 2 million American adults are diagnosed with BPD and the disorder typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood, but many people are first diagnosed with it in childhood and may exhibit symptoms as early as infancy (Spearing, 2001; Bardick and Bernes, 2005). It is estimated that approximately 90% of individuals with Bipolar Disorder experience its onset before age 20 (Hoofnagle, 2002). Pediatric-onset Bipolar Disorder (PBPD) is one of the most severe psychiatric illnesses that can affect children’s ability to succeed in all aspects of their lives, including in school. This paper aims at examining PBPD, its symptoms and causes, the neuropsychological deficits it presents in relation to comorbid conditions, how it affects student learning, educational impairments it causes, its educational implications for teachers and counselors, and its treatment and outcomes. The primary purpose of this paper is to educate educational service providers about PBPD so they can be more aware of how to recognize it in order to provide referral for intervention when needed, help in the process of providing early intervention, and accommodate for the disorder in the classroom. Most people go through normal ups and downs in life. Bipolar Disorder symptoms are much more powerful than...
Words: 3249 - Pages: 13
...Weschlers test of intelligence for children The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), developed by David Wechsler, is an individually administered intelligence testfor children between the ages of 6 and 16 inclusive that can be completed without reading or writing. The WISC takes 65–80 minutes to administer and generates an IQ score which represents a child's general cognitive ability. ------------------------------------------------- History The original WISC (Wechsler, 1949) was an adaption of several of the subtests which made up the Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1939) but also featured several subtests designed specifically for it. The subtests were organized into Verbal and Performance scales, and provided scores for Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ). A revised edition was published in 1974 as the WISC-R (Wechsler, 1974), featuring the same subtests however the age range was changed from 5-15 to 6-16. The third edition was published in 1991 (WISC-III; Wechsler, 1991) and brought with it a new subtest as a measure of processing speed. In addition to the traditional VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ scores, four new index scores were introduced to represent more narrow domains of cognitive function: the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), the Perceptual Organization Index (POI), the Freedom from Distractibility Index (FDI), and the Processing Speed Index (PSI). The current version, the WISC-IV, was produced in 2003 followed by the...
Words: 2769 - Pages: 12
...1 ESSAY WRITING SKILLS © Graham Davey WHAT DO I NEED TO DO TO WRITE A GOOD ESSAY? 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1 3.2 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5. WHAT TO DO BEFORE YOU START ANYTHING Am I familiar with the Assessment Guidelines? Am I certain that I know the Submission Deadline? How much does the mark for my essay contribute to the final mark for this course/module? Do I know what the word limit for this essay is? How many credits do I get for completing this particular course/module successfully? HOW TO PREPARE BEFORE PLANNING & WRITING THE ESSAY What essay titles can I choose from? What references do I need to read? At what level am I writing the essay? What internet resources should I access and use? Can I use my lecture notes as a source of information for my essay? PLANNING YOUR ESSAY How much should I read and when should I begin writing? How can I get the most benefit from my reading? WRITING YOUR ESSAY How should I structure my essay? Am I sure I’m answering the question? How do I write a scholarly essay? How should I present my reference list or bibliography? How should I format my essay? How can I avoid plagiarism? THINGS TO REMMEBER AFTER YOU’VE FINISHED WRITING YOUR ESSAY Essays are arguably the most widely used form of assessment for psychology students. They allow an examiner to assess a student’s factual knowledge, as well as their ability to create logical arguments and critically...
Words: 13887 - Pages: 56
...Behavior Portfolio for Autism Student Name Institution Behavior Portfolio for Autism Student Case Study of an Autism Girl Positive Behavior Support Plan Positive behavior plan are strategies formulated to deal with problematic behaviors exhibited by ASD individuals to reduce the occurrence of the problem and teach new skills to those individuals (Matson, Tureck, Turygin, Beighley, & Rieske, 2012). It is a rigorous plan that involves all members around the individuals on how best to deal with individuals with ASD and to ease their co-existence, which may sometimes be stressful. Members surrounding the individual receive full details of the problems to enable them have an in-depth understanding of what triggers the problem and therefore know how to prevent it. It also provides information on how to respond to those problems and the importance of teaching and reinforcing new skills. According to Neitzel Positive Behavior Support is used currently as a mode tool to reduce interfering behaviors of individuals with ASD and has been noted to be effective in reducing interfering behavior (Neitzel, 2010). The individual’s environment is to be modified to allow ease of transition and application of new skill to reduce any interfering behavior exhibited by the individual. Characteristic of the Individual Trisha is a nine-year-old girl living with her parents and three siblings in their country house in the outskirt of the city. Their home is large and each of the children...
Words: 3906 - Pages: 16
...Professor Hopkins Fall 2013 Introduction For our final paper I chose to research trisomy 21 or as it is known clinically, Down syndrome (DS). The primary reason I chose this low incidence disability is because I will make the transition from a regular education teacher to a special education teacher in the spring and I am already familiar with other low incidence disabilities. I realize that with my new role in a self-contained classroom it is important for me to understand the term Down syndrome and then see how the definition and behavioral traits impact the student, the teacher and the other students in an educational setting. This research paper will provide clinical and anecdotal information on DS with real-life observation of a student with Down syndrome. History of Disorder According to the National Down Syndrome Society (2013), during the early nineteenth century, John Langdon Down, an English physician, published an accurate description of a person with Down syndrome. It was this scholarly wok, published in 1866, that earned Down the recognition as the “father” of the syndrome. Although other people had previously recognized the characteristics of the syndrome, it was Down who described the condition as a distinct and separate entity. The United States Department of Health and Human Services Center for Disease Control and Prevention defines Down syndrome as, “a genetic disorder that includes a combination of birth defects, including some degree of mental...
Words: 10383 - Pages: 42
...accuracy what key qualities separate the best of the best from simply being good at what you do. Len Sperry, MD, PhD, ABPP and Jon Carlson PsyD, EdD, ABPP. and their subject matter are of great interest to me. The subtitle captures the heart of the book’s content and the quintessence of what I want to learn more about, Effecting Change from the First through the Last Session and Beyond. I felt very inadequate as I began practicum concurrent with starting the MAPC program in August, 2013 (still do). Adding the privilege of doing practicum in a real clinic right from the start with real clients resulted in a high motivation to learn quickly in order to be effective and helpful. One of my supervisors at that clinic, in her first formal assessment of me wrote in response to the category/rating: uses theories appropriately: Rating 4 (out of 5) “but unknowingly” (Fountain, 2013. p.4). My interest in acquiring tools, techniques, and knowledge of the counseling process was and remains very high. This book is a means toward that end....
Words: 2082 - Pages: 9
...Case Studies Johnnathan Johnson EDU 620 September 30, 2012 Michael Horn Throughout this six week course, Meeting Individual Needs with Technology, we have researched the spectrums of Assistive Technology available for the individual and the classroom, and researched the different types of disabilities and how the Assistive Technology can aid students in navigating life and succeeding as individuals. Case Study #1 Emily is a five-year-old female student who is visually impaired. Emily has low vision and has some independence. She is able to see letters and numbers with amplification. In the past, Emily has been enrolled in a Head Start class with typical peers. Emily experienced great success in her preschool classroom. She had access to assistive technology that assisted her in participating in most activities within the class. Emily will be starting kindergarten in the fall. She will be in a general education class with typical peers. Emily’s parents, and her IEP team, expect her to be fully included in most activities. Please describe assistive technologies that will allow Emily to have access to grade level content and to participate with her peers in the classroom. For Emily’s case, with her weak vision she would be considered to have a sensory disability, or visual impairment which would affect her academics, and keep her from the average experience of a typical student in a day of the average life. Fortunately, for both visual and auditory sensory...
Words: 4291 - Pages: 18
