...new and captivating technologies to curb the success of varying competing mediums. At this present moment in new media history we find ourselves amongst a reemergence of 3-D technology in commercial cinema. It is possible that since we are seeing a rise in popularity of on-demand services and streaming forms of media entertainment available to consumers, that Hollywood is once again employing unique technical gimmicks to increase theater attendance. Yet, with such 3-D breakthroughs as Henry Selick’s Coraline (2009), it seems that certain artists in Hollywood have instead begun to embrace 3-D beyond just a technical gimmick and harness its true cinematic potential. If one thing is for sure, the 3-D technology used today compared that of the 1950s is vastly different in terms of its technological development; thanks innovative 3-D projection company RealD. It is the goal of this essay to examine how RealD’s 3-D projection technology helps create a particular meaning within Coraline that standard 2-D technology does not. By carefully crafting its use of 3-D, Coraline uses one technology to critique the use of...
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...encouraged it by introducing her to different types of literature. Her parents were otherwise strict and Brooks was not allowed to play with the other children in her neighborhood. She spent the majority of her free time reading and writing in her room. Brooks, for this reason was incredibly shy even as an adult and lacked social skills, making few friends at school. Brooks attended several schools, including an all-white high school, (Hyde Park High School) before transferring to an all-black high school (Wendell Phillips). She eventually was transferred again to an integrated school (Englewood High School). In 1936 she graduated from Wilson Junior College. Her different schools gave her a view of the racial dynamic which she used in her writing. Her early works appeared in the Chicago Defender, a newspaper primarily for the black citizens of Chicago. In 1939 Brooks married Henry Blakely. The couple had two children, Henry Jr. and Nora. In 1945 Brooks published her first book, A Street in Bronze Ville and in 1949 she published Annie Allen, a book of loosely connected poetry about growing up African American in Chicago. She received the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1950, becoming the first African American to receive such a prestigious award in poetry. Her first novel, Maud Martha, was published in 1953 and in 1963 Brooks took a teaching job at Chicago's Columbia College. In 1967 Brooks met the new black revolution at the Fisk University Writers Conference in Nashville, which she...
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...Thus they may overlap with the fantasy, supernatural, and thriller genres.[1] Horror films often deal with the viewer's nightmares, hidden fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown. Plots within the horror genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event, or personage, commonly of supernatural origin, into the everyday world. Prevalent elements include ghosts, aliens, vampires, werewolves, curses, satanism, demons, gore, torture, vicious animals, monsters, zombies, cannibals, and serial killers. Conversely, movies about the supernatural are not necessarily always horrific.[2] Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 1890s–1920s 1.2 1930s–1940s 1.3 1950s–1960s 1.4 1970s–1980s 1.5 1990s 1.6 2000s 2 Sub-genres 3 Influences 3.1 Influences on society 3.2 Influences internationally 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links [edit]History [edit]1890s–1920s See also: List of horror films of the 1890s, List of horror films of the 1900s, List of horror films of the 1910s, and List of horror films of the 1920s Lon Chaney, Sr. in The Phantom of the Opera The first depictions of supernatural events appear in several of the silent shorts created by the film pioneer Georges Méliès in the late 1890s, the best known being Le Manoir du diable, which is sometimes credited as being the first horror film.[3] Another of his horror projects was 1898's La Caverne maudite (aka, The Cave of the Unholy One, literally "the accursed cave").[3] Japan made early forays...
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...Article A Novel Approach: The Sociology of Literature, Children’s Books, and Social Inequality Amy E. Singer, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Sociology Knox College, USA © 2011 Singer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract This article discusses the complexity of literary analysis and the implications of using fiction as a source of sociological data. This project infuses literary analysis with sociological imagination. Using a random sample of children’s novels published between 1930 and 1980, this article describes both a methodological approach to the analysis of children’s books and the subsequent development of two analytical categories of novels. The first category captures books whose narratives describe and support unequal social arrangements; the second category captures those whose narratives work instead to identify inequality and disrupt it. Building on Griswold’s methodological approach to literary fiction, this project examines how children’s novels describe, challenge, or even subvert systems of inequality. Through a sociological reading of three sampled texts – Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing, A Wrinkle in Time, and Hitty: Her First Hundred Years – readers learn how these analytical categories work and how the sociology...
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...the Noli me tángere in the original Spanish, but it lives on in translation, a second life or afterlife, as Walter Benjamin puts it. During the American period, the first English translation, An Eagle Flight, based on the first French translation in 1899, was published in 1900. The second English translation, entitled Friars and Filipinos, appeared in 1902, and it was made by Frank Ernest Gannett, then secretary to Jacob Schurman, chair of the First Philippine Commission. Politics intruded in the translations; the omissions and additions recreated a novel suited to the American reader who wanted to gain information about the new colony. only after the institution of the public school system were Filipinos expected to read the novel in its English translation. Keywords: José rizal • translation • afterlife • paratext • rizal law PHILIPPINE STUDIES 59, No. 4 (2011) 495–527 © Ateneo de Manila University J osé Rizal’s novel,...
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...twentieth-century novelist's interests. Elizabeth Taylor (1912-1975), the author the novels The Soul of Kindness and Blaming, is a refined stylist whose swift flashes of dialogue and reflection and deft sketches of the wider background give vitality to her portrayals of well-to-do family life in commuter land. Some of her later novels are In a Summer Season (1961), and The Wedding Group (1968.) Elizabeth Taylor has humour and compassion as well as disciplined artistry, and has logically been compared with Jane Austen. So has Barbara Pym (1913-1980) who tasted fame, sadly enough, only at the end of her life (her real name was Mary Crampton). Another restrained and perceptive artist, she is a master of J f ingenuous and candid dialogue and reflection which are resonant with comic overtones. Critics I called her "modern Jane Austin. Excellent Women (1952) and A Glass of Blessings (1958) were reprinted in the late 1970s when Philip Larkin and David Cecil drew attention to the quality of her neglected work. Later novels, The Sweet Dove Died (1978) and Quartet in Autumn (1978), are no less engaging in their blend of pathos and comedy. One might well put beside these two English writers the Irish writer Mary Lavin (1912-1996), whose short stories focus on the ups and downs of family life with quiet pathos and humour. Her novels, The House in Clewes Street (1945) and Mary O'Grady (1950), are family histories presented with psychological sensitivity and a delicious vein...
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...suggested as a way to inspire students take action in the community and to stand up to injustice and brutality in hopes of creating a better world and a better human race. Using popular literature to pique student interest, this article explores how to incorporate the books in the Hunger Games series into the ELA classroom to support literacy and critical goals. Class on Fire: Using the Hunger Games Trilogy to Encourage Social Action Introduction The Hunger Games trilogy by Suzanne Collins, comprising The Hunger Games (2008), Catching Fire (2009), and Mockingjay (2010), is a pop culture sensation. With more than 26 million books sold and box office receipts grossing $68.3 million on the opening day of the film adaptation of the first novel, this postapocalyptic, dystopian series clearly appeals to a wide audience that is not limited to a specific age, group or gender. The Hunger Games,...
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...Fiction, Between Inner Life and Collective Memory. A Methodological Reflection. François-Xavier Lavenne, Virginie Renard, François Tollet1 Introduction In the writing of their fictional works, novelists often have to reflect on the functioning of memory, for memory lies at the heart both of inner life and of human experience in general. It is indeed in the works of writers such as Marcel Proust or Jorge Luis Borges that the best exemplifications of the subjective experience of memory are to be found. However, from a strictly mnemonic point of view, literature provides more than a means of reflecting on memory: it is also the site of the rebirth and construction of individual and collective memories, which can then serve as a foundation for the writing of fictional works. Creative writing has a meiotic function and is as such a powerful tool capable of rescuing memories from oblivion and bringing them back to life, thus reconciling the past with the present. The present article seeks to bring to bear new perspectives on the relationship between a novelist’s personal memories, collective memory, and the fictional narratives partially inspired by these two types of memory. In the first section we briefly examine the distinction traditionally made between individual memory and collective memory, which we then try to reconcile so as to arrive at an approach to the mnemonic phenomenon that best fits the needs of literary scholars. In the second section we challenge the conventional...
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...Lord of the Flies is a 1963 British film directed by Peter Brook based on the 1954 novel by William Golding. Both the book and movie of Lord of the Flies represent popular culture in the fact that the book started out being popularized by the working class and would later become a best seller and even move into the category of high culture by becoming required reading in many schools across the world as well as wining the Nobel Prize. The Lord of the Flies and book and movie demonstrate many of the traits that are often reproduced in various form media and often imitated in other works of film, television, and reading. Lord of the Flies was remade into another film in 1990 but the 1963 film is considered to be closer to the book and is the one that is used by this paper. The 1963 Lord of the Flies film is a black and white British film that is presented in the form of a third person narrative in which the audience is a outside party looking in on the cast of the film. The film is about a group of young pre-teen to teenage boys who crash land on an island somewhere is the specific ocean as a result of their plane being shoot down. In the background of the movie there is some type of war but the film never mentioned which war is taking place. With the film being based on a book from the 1950s and the film taking place in the 1960 it can be assumed that the war in question is either World War II or perhaps a future war. In the film the overall theme is that violence and hate...
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...of products in their hands therefore, William & Yang (1999) concluded that “todays workers must adapt quickly as they switch from performing one specialized task to perform another equally specialized task”(p.375). (2) Especially in the private sector companies, in order to be more competitive innovation is required in terms of processes, products, services and practices. Janzen (2000) suggested that “after the age of efficiency in the 1950s and 1960s, quality in 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, we now live in the age of innovation” (p.3). Literature Review: creativity: Creativity is one of the most important factors in success of an organization by improving the operational efficiencies of the work processes (Herbig and Jacobs, 1996). According to Oldham and Cummings (1996) employees perform creatively in organizations when they suggest “products, ideas, or procedures that satisfy two conditions (1) they are novel or original and (2) they are potentially relevant for, or useful to, an organization” (p.607). Kao (1991) defined creativity as ‘‘a human process leading to a result which is novel (new), useful (solves an existing problem or satisfies an existing need), and understandable (can be...
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...TERM PAPER COMPARATIVE POLITICS By PRAKASH BHANDARI {SAU/IR (M)/2015/O8} Submitted to: Prof. Siddharth Mallavarapu Date of submission: 02/11/2015 Word Count: 3520 approx. (excluding bibliography) Table of contents S.No. | Title | Page no. | I. | AbstractIntroduction | 3 3 | 1. | Satyajit Ray: The Master Storyteller: | 4 | 2. | Maqbool Fida Husain | 6 | 3. | Arundhati Roy: | 8 | III. | Conclusion | 10 | Abstract: Basically, before the 20th century, the study of the politics was shaped by history, ethics, philosophy, and law, but from the late 19th century onwards, scientific approach to study politics gradually emerged. Comparative politics, in my view, do not study and analyze big issues of politics only. It also provides us the stage to study and analyze the political, social and economic situation of a particular society or state from the lens of art, literature, cinema, dramas, etc. Not only that, art and literature are the mirror of the society, so to understand particular society and political system, studying and analyzing art, literature is important. Being a student of comparative politics, here I have a good opportunity to study and compare three distinct images of a particular society. In this term paper, I am going to study three distinct pillars of Indian art and literature, which represent three different images and ideas. Satyajit Ray, MF Husain, and Arundhati Roy are an Indian film director, painter, and writer respectively...
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...VS Naipaul BBC.jpg Born Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul[nb 1] 17 August 1932 (age 81) Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago Occupation Novelist, travel writer, essayist Nationality Trinidadian, British Genres Novel, Essay Notable work(s) A House for Mr. Biswas In a Free State A Bend in the River The Enigma of Arrival Notable award(s) Booker Prize 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature 2001 Spouse(s) Patricia Ann Hale Naipaul (1955–96) Nadira Naipaul Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul (/ˈnaɪpɔːl/ or /naɪˈpɔːl/; b. 17 August 1932), is a Trinidad-born Nobel Prize-winning British writer known for the comic early novels of Trinidad, the later, bleaker, novels of the wider world, and the vigilant chronicles of his life and travels, all written in widely admired prose.[1] Naipaul has published more than 30 books, both of fiction and nonfiction, in a career spanning more than 50 years. Naipaul married Patricia Ann Hale in 1955. She served as first reader, editor, and critic of his writings until her death in 1996. To her Naipaul dedicated his masterpiece, A House for Mr. Biswas. Contents 1 Background and early life: Trinidad 2 Education: Port of Spain and Oxford, 1943–53 3 London, Caribbean Voices, marriage, 1954–56 4 Early Trinidad novels: 1956–58 5 A House for Mr...
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...peerless The Name of the Rose (Il nome della rosa, 1980). Recently we have seen a flowering of historical crime fiction as the subgenre attains maturity and becomes increasingly popular and innovative. Jason Goodwin, Philip Kerr and Susan Hill were all shortlisted for the prestigious Crime Writers Association Dagger this year (recent historical winners include Arianna Franklin, Jake Arnott and Craig Russell). Clearly the combination of thriller, crime and historical detail is compelling. Anne Perry’s new Inspector Pitt novel, Betrayal at Lisson Grove (out in paperback from Headline this year) is a pacy, twisting thriller. It is 1895 and Pitt is up against a conspiracy in the Lisson Grove offices of Special Branch (in best le Carré tradition investigating the enemy within is more hazardous than looking outwards). The novel outlines a huge conspiracy and ranges from St Malo to Dublin. While it is often too lightly written and some of the relationships are awkwardly handled, the novel is compelling and narratively satisfying. Perry’s series of Victorian...
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...Naturwissenschaften (2004) 91:255–276 DOI 10.1007/s00114-004-0515-y REVIEW Ulrich Kutschera · Karl J. Niklas The modern theory of biological evolution: an expanded synthesis Published online: 17 March 2004 Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract In 1858, two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, independently proposed natural selection as the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species. A large body of evidence for this hypothesis was published in Darwin’s Origin of Species one year later, the appearance of which provoked other leading scientists like August Weismann to adopt and amplify Darwin’s perspective. Weismann’s neo-Darwinian theory of evolution was further elaborated, most notably in a series of books by Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, Julian Huxley and others. In this article we first summarize the history of life on Earth and provide recent evidence demonstrating that Darwin’s dilemma (the apparent missing Precambrian record of life) has been resolved. Next, the historical development and structure of the “modern synthesis” is described within the context of the following topics: paleobiology and rates of evolution, mass extinctions and species selection, macroevolution and punctuated equilibrium, sexual reproduction and recombination, sexual selection and altruism, endosymbiosis and eukaryotic cell evolution, evolutionary developmental biology, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and...
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...An analysis of research and literature on CREATIVITY IN EDUCATION Report prepared for the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority by Anna Craft March 2001 2 Contents Page Numbers 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Aims and purposes 1.2 Approach taken and areas covered 4 2.0 A summary of the research and literature on creativity 2.1 Historical overview 2.2 The early part of the twentieth century 2.3 More recent directions in creativity research 2.4 Lines of study stemming from the 1950s 2.4.1 Personality 2.4.2 Cognition 2.4.3 Ways to stimulate creativity 2.4.4 Creativity and social systems 2.5 Background to creativity in education 2.6 Broader claims for creativity in the curriculum 5-12 3.0 What do we mean by creativity? 3.1 Definitions or descriptions of creativity 3.2 High creativity 3.3 Ordinary, or ‘democratic’ creativity 13-15 4.0 The development of creativity in education 4.1 Research into the development of creativity in education 4.1.1 Comprehensive approaches 4.1.2 Educational approaches 4.1.3 Psychodynamic approaches 4.1.4 Humanistic approaches 4.1.5 Behaviourist approaches 4.2 Teaching approaches to developing creativity 4.2.1 ‘Creative cycle’ approaches 4.2.2 Single-strategy approaches 4.2.3 Multi-strategy approaches 4.2.4 System approaches 4.2.5 Overall pedagogic criteria approaches 16-22 3 5.0 Assessment and creativity 5.1 Recording and assessing creativity 23-24 6.0 Conclusions and key findings 6.1 High and democratic creativity ...
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